Utility of the Brain Injury Screening Index in Identifying Female Prisoners With a Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Cognitive Impairment

Background: Chronic traumatic brain injury is a condition that predisposes the brain to activate B-cells and produce neural autoantibodies. Anti-adaptor protein 3, subunit B2 (AP3B2) autoantibodies have thus far been associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum or vestibulocerebellum. Through this case report, we aim to broaden the spectrum of anti-AP3B2-associated disease. Case description: We report on a 51-year-old woman with a brain injury approximately 28 years ago who recently underwent neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (cMRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Neural autoantibodies were determined in serum and CSF. Our patient suffered from mild cognitive impairment (amnestic MCI, multiple domains) with stable memory deficits and a decline in verbal fluency and processing speed within a two-year interval after the first presentation in our memory clinic. Brain MRI showed brain damage in the right temporoparietal, frontolateral region and thalamus, as well as in the left posterior border of the capsula interna and white matter in the frontal region. Since the brain damage, she suffered paresis of the upper extremities on the left side and lower extremities on the right side as well as gait disturbance. Our search for autoantibodies revealed anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies in serum. Conclusions: Our report expands the spectrum of symptoms to mild cognitive impairment in addition to a gait disturbance associated with anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a prior traumatic brain injury could initiate the development of anti-AP3B2-antibody-associated brain autoimmunity, reported here for the first time.

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Experiences of offenders with traumatic brain injury

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1017/brimp.2020.23 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Mark A. Linden ◽

Conall O’Rourke ◽

Catherine Monaghan ◽

Deborah Rainey

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Prisoners ◽

Lifestyle Choices ◽

Justice Process ◽

Criminal Justice Process ◽

Injury Screening

Abstract Purpose: Traumatic brain injury is recognised as a significant and pervasive health issue among offender populations. Despite this, no qualitative research exists exploring the experiences and perceptions of offenders with TBI in prison. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with male and female offenders housed in a UK prison. Interviews examined what participants felt led them to offend, experiences of incarceration, and post-release plans. Presence of TBI was assessed via the Brain Injury Screening Index. Data were analysed by means of inductive content analysis. Findings: Both male and female prisoners primarily attributed their incarceration to drugs and alcohol use, with males also referencing more issues with aggression, while mental illness and past abuse were more commonly mentioned among females. A lack of recognition for the possible role of TBI was noted, with several males describing themselves as ‘stupid’ or prone to making ‘poor lifestyle choices’. Both groups indicated a desire to return to education or work post-release. Conclusions: Despite significant rates of injury, there is a clear lack of understanding and consideration of the role of TBI in the behaviour and presentation of offenders. There is need for improved identification and education around TBI early in the criminal justice process.

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Lessons Learned From Coaching Postsecondary Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 88-96

Author(s):

Mary R. T. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

The Brain ◽

Exhaustive List

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a brief update of the evidence that provides possible explanations for our experiences while coaching college students with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method The narrative text provides readers with lessons we learned as speech-language pathologists functioning as cognitive coaches to college students with TBI. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather to consider the recent scientific evidence that will help our understanding of how best to coach these college students. Conclusion Four lessons are described. Lesson 1 focuses on the value of self-reported responses to surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Lesson 2 addresses the use of immediate/proximal goals as leverage for students to update their sense of self and how their abilities and disabilities may alter their more distal goals. Lesson 3 reminds us that teamwork is necessary to address the complex issues facing these students, which include their developmental stage, the sudden onset of trauma to the brain, and having to navigate going to college with a TBI. Lesson 4 focuses on the need for college students with TBI to learn how to self-advocate with instructors, family, and peers.

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Review for "Analyzing the changes in the brain material properties after a mild traumatic brain injury—A pilot study"

10.1002/eng2.12332/v2/review2 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Material Properties ◽

Brain Material ◽

The Brain

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THE DEPENDENCE OF THE AFFECTIVE DISORDERS MANIFESTATION ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE BRAIN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

World of Medicine and Biology ◽

10.26724/2079-8334-2018-2-64-29-32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (64) ◽

pp. 029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. V. Hryn ◽

V. H. Hryn ◽

I. L. Fedorchenko ◽

Yu. P. Yushchenko

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

The Brain

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A CONSEQUENCE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.26739/2181-0982-2020-3-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44-46

Author(s):

Istatillo Shodjalilov ◽

◽

Saoda Igamova ◽

Aziza Djurabekova

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Psychopathological Symptoms ◽

Neuropsychological Changes ◽

The Relationship

The incidence of cognitive impairment in TBI is high, depending on the severity. At the same time, psychopathological symptoms in the form of asthenia, increased anxiety and depression are encountered among patients with TBI. The work studied the relationship between cognitive and psychopathological symptoms in patients with TBI using neuropsychological testing on scales.

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Providing Care of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by the Family Practice/Primary Care Optometrist

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2018.4.3.p110 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 110-119

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Family Practice ◽

Advanced Training ◽

Entry Level ◽

The Family ◽

Basic Understanding ◽

The Brain

Primary Objectives: By extending the scope of knowledge of the primary care optometrist, the brain injury population will have expanded access to entry level neurooptometric care by optometric providers who have a basic understanding of their neurovisual problems, be able to provide some treatment and know when to refer to their colleagues who have advanced training in neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

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Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1515/tnsci-2021-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 001-008

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Xing-Zhi Liao ◽

Mai-Tao Zhou

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Western Blot ◽

Water Content ◽

Brain Edema ◽

Rat Model ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

Brain Water Content ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

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