scholarly journals Understanding Sexual Aggression in UK Male University Students: An Empirical Assessment of Prevalence and Psychological Risk Factors

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322110516
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Hales ◽  
Theresa A. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Male University Students

University-based sexual aggression is an international public health issue; however, to date, there have been no formal assessments of the prevalence or psychological indicators associated with the proabuse behaviors of the most common perpetrators at UK universities: heterosexual male students. To facilitate the development of effective primary prevention interventions for domestic students who have sexually harmed, we assess across two empirical studies ( Ns = 259 and 295) the psychological risk factors associated with recent sexual aggression amongst two distinct samples of UK male university students. Cumulatively, results highlighted that one in nine participants (11.4%) self-reported recent sexual aggression. These participants could be statistically differentiated from their non-offending peers on various established indicators of general sexual offending, of which logistic regression analyses highlighted atypical sexual fantasies, general aggression, hostility toward women, and rape myth acceptance as being the most reliable predictors. Our data extend the international evidence base by providing the first detailed overview of sexual aggression amongst UK male university students, as well as the psychological risk factors associated with their proabuse behaviors. We discuss the importance of our findings for the development of more effective evidence-based reduction strategies and primary prevention interventions for male students who have sexually harmed.

scholarly journals Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Kazeminasab ◽  
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi ◽  
Parastoo Amiri ◽  
Hojjat Pourfathi ◽  
Mostafa Araj-Khodaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, having an age-standardised prevalence rate of 27.0 per 1000 population in 2019. This literature review describes the global epidemiology and trends associated with neck pain, before exploring the psychological and biological risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of neck pain. Methods The PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine were searched up to May 21, 2021. Studies were included that used human subjects and evaluated the effects of biological or psychological factors on the occurrence or progression of neck pain, or reported its epidemiology. Results Psychological risk factors, such as long-term stress, lack of social support, anxiety, and depression are important risk factors for neck pain. In terms of the biological risks, neck pain might occur as a consequence of certain diseases, such as neuromusculoskeletal disorders or autoimmune diseases. There is also evidence that demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, can influence the prevalence and development of neck pain, although further research is needed. Conclusions The findings of the present study provide a comprehensive and informative overview that should be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck pain.

scholarly journals Psychological Risk Factors for Childhood Nonhuman Animal Cruelty

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne D. Hawkins ◽  
Emma L. Hawkins ◽  
Joanne M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
Over Time

Despite growing research into human-nonhuman animal relationships, little is known about childhood cruelty to nonhuman animals. The purpose of this review was to investigate the potential psychological risk factors for childhood cruelty to animals. The aim was to assemble, synthesize, and evaluate the quality and breadth of existing empirical research and highlight areas in need of further study. The review reveals a myriad of potential psychological risk factors associated with childhood animal cruelty, but highlights the decrease in publications on this topic over time and the lack of high-quality publications. Investigating the factors underlying cruel behavior toward animals has great implications for animal welfare and child wellbeing, and is vital for designing and implementing successful universal and targeted interventions to prevent cruelty to animals.

scholarly journals Psychological risk factors associated with falls among elderly people in Baghdad city, Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Abdal Qader ◽  
Rahmah Mohd. Amin ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Zaleha Md. Isa ◽  
Khalib Abdul Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Psychological Risk

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Chantal den Daas ◽  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Diane Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study aims: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect. Results A total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors. Conclusions These findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.

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