The flow properties of honey–malt spread

In this study, the effect of barley malt extract at two brix levels (74 and 79 °Bx) and three ratios of malt extract/honey (65:35, 70:30 and 75:25) on the flow behavior properties of honey–malt spread at three temperature levels (35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃) was investigated. Time-dependent behavior data of the spread samples were appropriately fitted to the Weltman, first-order stress decay with a zero stress value and first-order stress decay with a non-zero stress value models. Also, the Power-law, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson and Bingham models were used for curve fitting the time-independent behavior data. Regarding the R2 and root mean square error coefficients, the first-order stress decay with a non-zero stress value and Herschel–Bulkley models were selected as the suitable models to describe the flow behavior of samples. The results for time-dependent properties showed that spread samples exhibit a thixotropic behaviour, as the viscosity for all samples decreased with increase in shearing time at a constant shear rate of 50 s−1.

Download Full-text

Exact mathematical expressions for the time‐dependent behavior of successive first‐order reversible reactions

The Journal of Chemical Physics ◽

10.1063/1.439921 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 230-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Akio Morita

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

First Order ◽

Dependent Behavior ◽

Mathematical Expressions ◽

Reversible Reactions

Download Full-text

Rheological Behaviour and Time Dependent Characterisation of Gilaboru Juice (Viburnum opulus L.)

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013205052763 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Altan ◽

S. Kus ◽

A. Kaya

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

Single Equation ◽

Second Order ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Viburnum Opulus ◽

Flow Curves ◽

First Order ◽

Order Stress

The flow curves and time-dependent rheological behaviour of gilaboru ( Viburnum opulus L.), a traditional drink in the middle Anatolia region of Turkey, with different solid concentrations (59.7, 56.3, 53.1, 43 and 35°Brix) were studied at different temperatures (5-60°C) using a controlled stress rheometer. Gilaboru samples exhibited thixotropic behaviour for all concentrations, both in the forward and backward measurements were characterised by the power law. A single equation was proposed for the apparent viscosity 1. Temperature played a major role in determining the magnitudes of the apparent viscosity 1. The completely destructed gilaboru samples flow curves were also measured after subjecting the samples to a high shear rate for 2h. After eliminating thixotropy by shearing, samples showed shearthinning properties that fitted well to the power law model. Three models were used to describe the time-dependent behaviour, namely, the second-order structural kinetic, Weltman and first-order stress decay models. Among the models, the first-order stress decay model fitted well compared to the second- order structural kinetic and Weltman models.

Download Full-text

Dynamics of Temperatures in Thermally-Coupled, Heated Rooms With PI Control

Volume 8: Heat Transfer, Fluid Flows, and Thermal Systems, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2007-41274 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frederick W. Thwaites ◽

Mihir Sen

Keyword(s):

Numerical Methods ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Coupled System ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Pi Control ◽

Thermal Coupling ◽

First Order ◽

Dependent Behavior ◽

The Stability ◽

First Order Differential Equations

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of a set of thermally-controlled rooms arranged in the form of a ring. Each room is heated and can exchange heat with its neighbors as well as with the environment. The heater in each room is PI controlled. A lumped capacitance approximation is used for the rooms leading to a system of first-order differential equations. Numerical methods are used to determine the time-dependent behavior of the coupled system. The linear stability of the system is analyzed for various parameters. The stability is found to be independent of the strength of the thermal coupling between rooms.

Download Full-text

Time-dependent behavior of Self-compacting concrete

SCC'2005-China - 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete ◽

10.1617/2912143624.039 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. Yu

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Self Compacting Concrete ◽

Dependent Behavior

Download Full-text

Nonlinear Theory for Flexural Motions of Thin Elastic Plate, Part 3: Numerical Evaluation of Boundary Layer Solutions

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.3162102 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 409-416

Author(s):

N. Sugimoto

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Stress Singularity ◽

Free Edge ◽

Thin Elastic Plate ◽

Normal Stresses ◽

Interior Region ◽

First Order ◽

Plausible Values ◽

Bending Stresses ◽

Order Stress

The boundary layer solutions previoulsy obtained in Part 2 of this series for the cases of the built-in edge and the free edge are evaluated numerically. For the built-in edge, a characteristic penetration depth of the boundary layer toward the interior region is given by 0.13 εh, εh being the normalized thickness of the plate, while for the free edge, it is given by 0.32 εh. Thus the boundary layer for the free edge penetrates more deeply toward the interior region than that for the built-in edge. The first-order stress distribution in each boundary layer is displayed. For the built-in edge, the stress singularity appears on the edge. It is shown that, in the boundary layer, the shearing and normal stresses become comparable with the bending stresses. Similarly for the free edge, the shearing stress also becomes comparable with the twisting stress. It should be remarked that, in the boundary layer, the shearing or the normal stress plays a primarily important role as the bending or the twisting stress. But the former decays toward the interior region and remains higher order than the latter. Finally owing to these numerical results, the coefficients involved in the “reduced” boundary conditions for the built-in edge are evaluated for the various plausible values of Poisson’s ratio.

Download Full-text

MODELLING NITROGEN PROCESSES IN SOIL: MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss76-011 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. R. CAMERON ◽

C. G. KOWALENKO

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Rate Coefficients ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

First Order ◽

Interaction Term ◽

Flow Pathways ◽

Adsorption Desorption ◽

Temperature Water

A small subsystem model was developed to simulate the major nitrogen flow pathways in an unsaturated soil treated with ammonium sulphate. A nonlinear Freundlich equilibrium model and a Langmuir kinetic model were used to describe mathematically the adsorption–desorption of soluble NH4+ to the exchangeable and clay-fixed phases, respectively. Time dependent, microbial mediated first-order kinetic models were used to quantify the ammonification and nitrification processes. The subsystem model was then used as a research tool to derive ammonification and nitrification rate coefficients for a preceding incubation experiment conducted using different soil moisture contents and temperatures. The model yields reasonably good fits to the observed data. A subsequent regression analysis relating the coefficients to temperature and moisture pointed out the importance of the temperature–water content interaction term in quantifying microbial mediated processes.

Download Full-text

Time-dependent behavior of nitric oxide excited states under the effect of electron impact

Physics of Plasmas ◽

10.1063/5.0029485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 024503

Author(s):

Mohammed amin Ferdi ◽

Abdelaaziz Bouziane ◽

Mourad Djebli

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Electron Impact ◽

Excited States ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Dependent Behavior

Download Full-text

Time Dependent Lyotropic Chromonic Textures in Microfluidic Confinements

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11010035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anshul Sharma ◽

Irvine Lian Hao Ong ◽

Anupam Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Medical Diagnostics ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Disodium Cromoglycate ◽

M Phase ◽

Static Conditions

Nematic and columnar phases of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) have been long studied for their fundamental and applied prospects in material science and medical diagnostics. LCLC phases represent different self-assembled states of disc-shaped molecules, held together by noncovalent interactions that lead to highly sensitive concentration and temperature dependent properties. Yet, microscale insights into confined LCLCs, specifically in the context of confinement geometry and surface properties, are lacking. Here, we report the emergence of time dependent textures in static disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) solutions, confined in PDMS-based microfluidic devices. We use a combination of soft lithography, surface characterization, and polarized optical imaging to generate and analyze the confinement-induced LCLC textures and demonstrate that over time, herringbone and spherulite textures emerge due to spontaneous nematic (N) to columnar M-phase transition, propagating from the LCLC-PDMS interface into the LCLC bulk. By varying the confinement geometry, anchoring conditions, and the initial DSCG concentration, we can systematically tune the temporal dynamics of the N- to M-phase transition and textural behavior of the confined LCLC. Overall, the time taken to change from nematic to the characteristic M-phase textures decreased as the confinement aspect ratio (width/depth) increased. For a given aspect ratio, the transition to the M-phase was generally faster in degenerate planar confinements, relative to the transition in homeotropic confinements. Since the static molecular states register the initial conditions for LC flows, the time dependent textures reported here suggest that the surface and confinement effects—even under static conditions—could be central in understanding the flow behavior of LCLCs and the associated transport properties of this versatile material.

Download Full-text