scholarly journals ADHD and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Functional Outcomes in a School-Based Sample of Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Cuffe ◽  
Susanna N. Visser ◽  
Joseph R. Holbrook ◽  
Melissa L. Danielson ◽  
Lorie L. Geryk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Wide Confidence Interval ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: Investigate the prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities in community-based samples of schoolchildren with/without ADHD. Method: Teachers and parents screened children in South Carolina (SC; n = 4,604) and Oklahoma (OK; n = 12,626) for ADHD. Parents of high-screen and selected low-screen children received diagnostic interviews (SC: n = 479; OK: n = 577). Results: Psychiatric disorders were increased among children with ADHD and were associated with low academic performance. Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) were associated with grade retention (ODD/CD + ADHD: odds ratio [OR] = 3.0; confidence interval [CI] = [1.5, 5.9]; ODD/CD without ADHD: OR = 4.0; CI = [1.7, 9.7]). School discipline/police involvement was associated with ADHD alone (OR = 3.2; CI = [1.5, 6.8]), ADHD + CD/ODD (OR = 14.1, CI = [7.3, 27.1]), ADHD + anxiety/depression (OR = 4.8, CI = [1.6, 14.8]), and CD/ODD alone (OR = 2.8, CI = [1.2, 6.4]). Children with ADHD + anxiety/depression had tenfold risk for poor academic performance (OR = 10.8; CI = [2.4, 49.1]) compared to children with ADHD alone. This should be interpreted with caution due to the wide confidence interval. Conclusion: Most children with ADHD have psychiatric comorbidities, which worsens functional outcomes. The pattern of outcomes varies by type of comorbidity.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of ODD and CD in Preschool Children With Symptoms of ADHD

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bothild Bendiksen ◽  
Elisabeth Svensson ◽  
Heidi Aase ◽  
Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud ◽  
Svein Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Adhd Subtype

Objective: Patterns of co-occurrence between ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD) were examined in a sample of non-referred preschool children. ADHD subtypes and sex differences were also explored. Method: Children aged 3.5 years ( n = 1,048) with high scores on ADHD characteristics were recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and clinically assessed, including a semi-structured psychiatric interview. Results: In children with ADHD, concurrent ODD was present more often than CD (31% vs. 10%), but having ADHD gave higher increase in the odds of CD than of ODD (ODD: odds ratio [OR] = 6.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.2, 10.8]; CD: OR = 17.6, 95% CI = [5.9, 52.9]). We found a greater proportion of children having the combined ADHD subtype as well as more severe inattentiveness among children with co-occurring CD compared with ODD. Sex differences were minor. Conclusion: There are important differences in co-occurring patterns of ODD and CD in preschool children with ADHD.

P01-306-Adhd, gender, and psychiatric comorbidity in a populaiton-based birth cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 308-308
Author(s):  
K. Yoshimasu ◽  
W.J. Barbaresi ◽  
R.C. Colligan ◽  
J.M. Killian ◽  
R.G. Voigt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

IntroductionADHD is frequently associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, epidemiologic studies in the general population are rare.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders using research-identified incident ADHD cases and population-based controls.MethodSubjects included a birth cohort of all children born 1976-1982 remaining in Rochester, MN after age five (n = 5718). Among them we identified 379 ADHD incident cases and 758 age-sex matched non-ADHD controls, passively followed to age 19. Through a systematic, multistaged process, utilizing detailed, routinely collected data, all psychiatric diagnoses confirmed by medical professionals were identified (n = 314 ADHD cases, n = 712 controls with research authorization). For each psychiatric disorder, cumulative incidence rates for subjects with and without ADHD were calculated; corresponding hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for sex, mothers age/education, were estimated using a Cox model. Associations between ADHD status and Internalizing-Externalizing dimensions were estimated using odds ratios (OR).ResultsADHD was associated with significantly increased risk for adjustment disorders (HR = 3.82), conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (HR = 9.45), mood disorders (HR = 3.57), anxiety disorders (HR = 2.95), tic disorders (HR = 6.41), eating disorders (HR = 5.52), personality disorders (HR = 5.49), and substance-related disorders (HR = 4.04). When psychiatric comorbidities were classified on the Internalizing-Externalizing dimension, ADHD was strongly associated with coexisting internalizing/externalizing (OR = 10.6, vs none), and externalizing-only (OR = 10.0), disorders. No significant gender x ADHD interactions were observed.ConclusionThis population-based study confirms that children with ADHD are at significant risk for co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Besides treating the ADHD, clinicians should assess and monitor potential psychiatric comorbidities in children with ADHD.

A Multimodal Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation in Young Children with and without ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Garcia ◽  
Anthony Dick ◽  
Paulo A. Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Multiple Domains

Objective: This study utilized a multimodal approach to examine emotion dysregulation (ED) in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD + oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and typically developing (TD) children. Methods: We sought to explore if specific domains of ED (emotion regulation [ER], negativity/lability [ERNL], emotion knowledge/understanding [ERU], and callous-unemotional [CU] behaviors) were uniquely associated with diagnostic classifications. The final sample consisted of 152 children (75% boys; mean age = 5.52, SD = .84, 83.4% Latinx) with the following group composition: ADHD- Only (n = 24), ADHD + ODD (n = 54), and TD (n = 74). Results: Higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, measured continuously, were significantly associated with poorer EREG, greater ERNL, and higher levels of reported CU behaviors. There were no significant associations between ADHD or ODD symptoms on ERU. Using discriminant analyses, we found that parent/teacher reported EREG, ERNL, and CU were significant predictors of diagnostic classification. These ED domains correctly identified 84.7% of preschoolers. The model was most successful in classifying children with ADHD+ODD (92.3%) and TD (93.2%) children; however, the ADHD-Only group was correctly identified only 41.7% of the time. Conclusions: This is the first study to 1) examine multiple domains of ED in a clinical sample of preschool children with and without ADHD and 2) explore the clinical utility of considering ED when assessing for ADHD and ODD. Our findings suggest that measures of ED are particularly helpful for correctly diagnosing ADHD and co-occurring ODD but not necessarily children with ADHD-Only.

Effect of comorbid symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder on responses to atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial data

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Thomas J. Spencer ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn ◽  
Haitao Gao ◽  
Denái R. Milton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

The Relations Between Temperament, Character, and Executive Functions in Children With ADHD and Clinical Controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Drechsler ◽  
Marina Zulauf Logoz ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the overlap between executive functions and temperament as measured by two questionnaires and to examine characteristic profiles in children with ADHD and clinical controls. Method: Parents of 111 clinically referred children, half of whom were diagnosed with ADHD and half with other or no diagnoses, completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Cloninger Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). Results: Factor analysis of both instruments resulted in three common factors representing aspects of (1) cognitive regulation, (2) behavioral regulation, and (3) anxious/rigid tendencies. Factor (4) represented strengths and positive resources and loaded on JTCI scales only. Both instruments discriminated significantly between ADHD and non-ADHD children. Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) but not ADHD accounted for problems in BRIEF Emotional Control and Self-Monitor and JTCI low Cooperativeness. Conclusion: The two instruments only partially overlap and may complement each other.

scholarly journals Errata a “Carta ao Editor sobre o Artigo: “Ainda a propósito do artigo Ansiedade, Depressão e Performance Académica: Um Estudo em Estudantes Portugueses de Medicina Versus Estudantes de Outros Cursos.” João Moreira de Sousa, Cátia A. Moreira, Diogo TellesCorreia. Acta Med Port. 2018;31:454-62.”

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
João Gama Marques
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
De Medicina

Article published with errors: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/11384/On page 607, where the title reads as:Letter to the Editor about the Article: “Still Regarding Anxiety, Depression and Academic Performance: A Study Amongst Portuguese Medical Students Versus Non-Medical Students”, by João Moreira de Sousa,Cátia A. Moreira, Diogo Telles-Correia. Acta Med Port. 2018;31:454-62.Carta ao Editor sobre o Artigo: “Ainda a propósito do artigo Ansiedade, Depressão e Performance Académica: Um Estudo em Estudantes Portugueses de Medicina Versus Estudantes de Outros Cursos.” João Moreira de Sousa, Cátia A. Moreira, Diogo TellesCorreia. Acta Med Port. 2018;31:454-62.It should read:Letter to the Editor: Still Regarding Anxiety, Depression and Academic Performance: A Study Amongst Portuguese Medical Students Versus Non-Medical StudentsCarta ao Editor: Ainda a propósito de Ansiedade, Depressão e Performance Académica: Um Estudo em Estudantes Portugueses de Medicina Versus Estudantes de Outros Cursos.  

scholarly journals Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Gómez León
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Los factores estresantes asociados a la pandemia por el COVID 19 han tenido importantes consecuencias en la salud mental de muchos adolescentes, sin embargo, es posible que este confinamiento junto con los medios digitales disponibles para el aprendizaje y la interacción social hayan supuesto un alivio para aquellos que eran víctimas de bullying. En esta investigación se comparan las puntuaciones que han obtenido 276 adolescentes (94 víctimas de bullying y 182 no víctimas) de entre 12 y 14 años, en ansiedad, depresión, rendimiento académico y ciberbullying antes y después del confinamiento. Antes del confinamiento las víctimas obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en ansiedad, depresión y ciberbullying y menores en rendimiento académico. Durante el confinamiento las diferencias en ansiedad se invirtieron, siendo significativamente menores en el caso de las víctimas de bullying, quienes, además, obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente menores en depresión y en ciberbullying que antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el rendimiento académico descendió significativamente en el grupo no-víctimas mientras que no se apreciaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de ciberbullying. The stressors associated with the pandemic by COVID 19 have had important consequences on the mental health of many adolescents, however, it is possible that this confinement along with the digital media available for learning and social interaction have provided relief for those who were victims of bullying.. This research compares the scores obtained by 76 adolescents (94 victims of bullying and 182 not victims) between 12 and 14 years old, in anxiety, depression, academic performance and cyberbullying before and after confinement. Before confinement, the victims obtained significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and cyberbullying and lower scores in academic performance. During confinement, the differences in anxiety were reversed, being significantly lower in the case of victims of bullying, who also obtained significantly lower scores in depression and cyberbullying than before confinement. However, academic performance decreased significantly in the non-victim group, while no significant changes in cyberbullying scores were observed.

Long-Term Effects of Decompressive Craniectomy on Functional Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicenter Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Moskowitz ◽  
Claudia I. Melendez ◽  
Julie Dunn ◽  
Abid D. Khan ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Good Functional Outcome

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical modality sometimes used in the management of elevated intracranial pressure. Questions remain as to its long-term benefits in traumatic brain injury patients. The extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (eGOS) is a scoring system based on a structured interview that allows for consistent and reproducible measurement of long-term functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the eGOS score of post-craniectomy patients after discharge and stratify survivors based on outcome. A multicenter review of patients who underwent DC was performed. Survivors underwent a phone survey at which time the eGOS was calculated. Patients with an eGOS ≥ 5 were considered to have a good functional outcome. Fifty-four patients underwent DC. Age (OR 1.038; confidence interval 1.003–1.074) and Glasgow Coma Scale (OR 0677; confidence interval 0.527–0.870) were predictors of mortality. Patients who were available for follow-up (n = 13) had poor functional outcomes at discharge (eGOS = 3); however, this improved at the time of follow-up survey (eGOS = 5; P = 0.005). DC is a controversial operation with high mortality and uncertain benefit. Among our cohort, the eGOS score was significantly higher at follow-up survey than it was at discharge. Although the mortality was high, if patients survived to discharge, most had a good functional outcome at follow-up survey.

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