The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity-Related Outcomes, and ADHD in Adults With Comorbid Affective Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Wynchank ◽  
Denise Bijlenga ◽  
Femke Lamers ◽  
J. J. Sandra Kooij ◽  
Tannetje I. Bron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Component ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Objective: ADHD may predispose to obesity, a metabolic syndrome component. Affective disorders are also associated with MetSyn and ADHD. This study examined whether ADHD confers any added risk of MetSyn and obesity-related associations in a large sample with varying stages of affective disorders. Method: Participants included 2,303 adults from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Three groups were compared (controls, those with depressive/anxiety disorders without ADHD; and those with depressive/anxiety disorders and ADHD) for presence of MetSyn risk factors, body mass index, and waist–hip ratio. ADHD symptoms were identified by using a T-score > 65 (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale). Results: Multivariable analyses were additionally adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health factors, and affective disorders. Analyses showed no significant association between MetSyn, obesity-related variables, and comorbid ADHD. High Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptoms were not associated with MetSyn. Conclusion: This study did not confirm that MetSyn and obesity-related parameters are increased in comorbid ADHD.

scholarly journals From accurate diagnosis to targeted therapy: depression in general medical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
N. N. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: to analyze the diagnostic significance of clinical and phenomenological characteristics of affective disorders in patients with chronic somatic pathology.Patients and methods. The analysis included the results of a clinical evaluation of 131 patients with chronic somatic pathology, including 96 patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and 35 patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Clinical assessment included Primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Results and discussion. Despite the significant frequency and transparent clinical symptoms, general practitioners diagnosed mental disorders in only 30% of patients with depression. We observed a higher prevalence of somatic rather than psychological complaints during the clinical survey. According to the screening using PRIME-MD, 74% of patients were diagnosed with mood disorders, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. We also noted their significant comorbidity with a predominance of a depression and anxiety combination (p < 0.001). Hypertensive patients had the highest depression prevalence (87%) and severity. Moderate depression was the most frequent diagnosis in the study participants, corresponding to major depressive disorder (61.5%).Conclusion. In general, the symptoms of anhedonia, depression, and anxiety were most pronounced in patients with affective disorders. The high prevalence of somatic symptoms complicates depression evaluation. It is possible to highlight depression and anhedonia as significant symptoms for the detection of depression in patients with somatic disorders.

Is ADHD severity in adults associated with the lifetime prevalence of comorbid depressive episodes and anxiety disorders?

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Simon ◽  
P. Czobor ◽  
I. Bitter
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Onset Group

AbstractPurpose:The objective of the present study was to examine the association between ADHD severity and the lifetime prevalence of comorbid depressive episodes and anxiety disorders in adults with ADHD.Subjects/materials and methods:Analyses were based on data of the Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and a parent study examining the epidemiology of adult ADHD in 17 GP practices in Budapest, Hungary. Subjects between 18 and 60 years were included in the screening phase (n = 3529). Out of 279 positively screened subjects 161 participated in a clinical interview and completed the CAARS to confirm the diagnosis. We applied four diagnostic criteria: “DSM-IV”; “No-onset” (DSM-IV criteria without the specific requirement for onset); “Symptoms-only” (DSM-IV symptom criterion only); and “Reduced symptoms-only” (DSM-IV symptom criterion with a reduced threshold for symptom count). The MINI PLUS 5.0 was used to assess psychiatric comorbidity.Results:ADHD severity, as measured by the CAARS ADHD Index, showed a significant positive association with the prevalence of comorbid depressive episodes in all but the “ADHD_No-onset” group (“DSM-IV”: F[1.23] = 8.39, P = 0.0081; “No-onset”: F(1.27) = 0.97, P = 0.3346; “Symptoms-only”: F[1.55] = 30.79, P < 0.0001; “Reduced symptoms-only”: F(1.62) = 26.69, P < 0.0001).Discussion and conclusion:Results indicate that ADHD symptom severity increases in association with lifetime comorbidity with depression.

The burdened life of adults with ADHD: Impairment beyond comorbidity

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Garcia ◽  
C.H.D. Bau ◽  
K.L. Silva ◽  
S.M. Callegari-Jacques ◽  
C.A.I. Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Experience Survey ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
Comorbidity Status

AbstractSince approximately 70% of adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have at least one comorbid disorder, rating of impairment specifically attributable to ADHD is a hard task. Despite the evidence linking environmental adversities with negative outcomes in ADHD, life events measures have not been used to rate the disorder impairment. The present study tested for the first time the hypothesis that increased ADHD severity is associated with an increase in negative recent life events, independently of comorbidity status. The psychiatric diagnoses of 211 adult ADHD outpatients were based on DSM-IV criteria assessed through structured interviews (K-SADS-E for ADHD and ODD, MINI for ASPD and SCID-IV-R for other comorbidities). ADHD severity was evaluated with the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IV) and recent life events with the Life Experience Survey. Higher SNAP-IV inattention and hyperactivity scores, female gender, lower socioeconomic status and the presence of comorbid mood disorders were associated with negative life events. Poisson regression models with adjustment for possible confounders confirmed the effect of inattention and hyperactivity severity on negative life events. Our results suggest that the negative life events experienced by these patients are associated to the severity of ADHD independently from comorbid psychiatric disorders.

FC25-04 - Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders in adult ADHD patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1956-1956
Author(s):  
D. Meshkat ◽  
A. Kutzelnigg ◽  
C. Eckert ◽  
A. Konstantinidis ◽  
S. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Undiagnosed Patient ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
A Minor

IntroductionADHD is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndrome with significant lifetime risk for psychiatric comorbidities. Several psychiatric conditions are significantly more common in patients with ADHD than in control subjects.MethodsTo evaluate the incidence of comorbid affective disorders, patients with adult ADHD who were first seen at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy were evaluated for symptoms of major depression, brief recurrent depression, bipolar depression and anxiety disorders. Patients aged between 18 and 75 years were included into the study. All patients were evaluated according to DSM IV TR criteria. So far, from February 2007 until May 2010, 330 patients (192 males and 138 females) were included into the study.ResultsThe mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 33, 7 years for males (range: 18-75) and 35, 9 years for females (range: 18–64). Affective disorders were most frequently diagnosed as comorbid conditions in our patients and occurred in 26% of the patients in our sample. 13% had a minor depressive episode, 7% a major depressive episode and 6% were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. 21% of our patients were diagnosed with one or several comorbid anxiety disorders.ConclusionMost adults with ADHD are not diagnosed properly and therefore remain untreated although they are usually diagnosed and treated for comorbid psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we systematically analyzed comorbid anxiety and depression in a sample of adult ADHD outpatients in order to estimate the incidence of these disorders in an undiagnosed patient population.

scholarly journals Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients without Major Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Bai ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Yueyin Zhao ◽  
Yuqi Cheng ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations

Depressive and anxiety disorders are frequently observed in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We conducted this survey to understand the prevalence of depression and anxiety in SLE patients without major neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE) and to explore the relationship between emotional disorders, symptoms, autoantibodies, disease activity, and treatments in SLE. 176 SLE patients were included, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were recorded to evaluate their disease activity and emotional status. We found that depressive and anxiety disorders were common among SLE patients: 121 (68.8%) patients were in depression status while 14 (8.0%) patients could be diagnosed with depression. Accordingly, 101 (57.4%) were in anxiety status and 21 (11.9%) could be diagnosed with anxiety. Depression was associated with disease activity, and anxiety was associated with anti-P0 antibody, while both of them were associated with proteinuria. HAMA and HAMD scores were in strong positive correlation and they were independent risk factors of each other. We concluded that the high prevalence of depression and anxiety and the association between depression and SLE disease activity might reveal the covert damage of central nervous system in SLE. The role of anti-P0 antibody in SLE patients with emotional disorders warrants more researches.

Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults with anxiety disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MANCINI ◽  
M. VAN AMERINGEN ◽  
J. M. OAKMAN ◽  
D. FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Symptom Overlap

Background. Previous research has reported co-morbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by symptom overlap in the clinical presentation of the disorders. We estimate the prevalence of ADHD in both the current and childhood histories of adults with anxiety disorders, while taking symptom overlap into account. We also evaluate the utility of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for retrospective reporting of ADHD.Methods. Consecutive admissions (N=149) to an anxiety disorders clinic were given a diagnostic and psychometric assessment. The WURS was administered to obtain a retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADHD. Twenty-nine of the 35 people surpassing the cut-off score on the WURS were given a structured interview of adult ADHD symptoms.Results. The WURS contains many ‘internalizing’ items that may inflate retrospective accounts of ADHD. After taking this into account, there is still a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD in the retrospective reports of adults with anxiety disorders (15%) than would be expected by chance (4%). Furthermore, of those who meet retrospective criteria for ADHD, 45% (13 of 29) continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD as adults.Conclusions. The WURS may require considerable revision for use with clinical populations. In spite of these difficulties with retrospective assessment, available evidence indicates that ADHD is more prevalent in the histories of anxiety disordered patients than would be expected from base rates.

scholarly journals DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin SAHIN ◽  
Osman VIRIT ◽  
Bahadir DEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

ABSTRACT Background The primary stress factor for families in the pre-transplant period is reported as the waiting time for suitable organs, leading to anxiety, despair, and distress. Objective We investigated the psychosocial factors, anxiety and depression, in the parents of children who are candidates for liver transplantation. Methods Thirty-five pediatric liver transplantation candidates and their 38 parents, from February to August 2014, were included. Participants were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Results We found that a significant number of parents (n=25, 65.7%) were diagnosed with clinical psychiatric disease: 18.4% (n=7) with depression and 47.3% (n=18) with anxiety disorders. There was a significant difference in the examination scores of parents between genders (P <0.05). There was also a significant difference in CGI and HAM-D scores of parents relative to the history and presence of liver disease (P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of these disorders was high in relation to the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in the community reported in the literature. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate psychosocial factors of parents of all transplant candidate children as a part of routine care so that the high-risk to family members and to enable early intervention.

Symptoms Versus Impairment in Adults With ADHD: Intercorrelations of the BRIEF-A, CAARS, and TOVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1557-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ben-Sheetrit ◽  
Mika Zurawel ◽  
Abraham Weizman ◽  
Iris Manor
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the connections within and between three measures of adult ADHD: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version (BRIEF-A)–Self-Report, Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale–Investigator-Rated (CAARS-Inv), and Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Method: Data of 89 adults with ADHD (ages = 18-54, 46% females) who were assessed using these measures during pretreatment visits of a randomized study of metadoxine XR were analyzed. Results: The CAARS-Inv and TOVA did not correlate. The BRIEF-A correlated extensively with both the CAARS-Inv and TOVA, primarily via its Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI). The BRIEF-A Metacognition Index correlated with the CAARS-Inv inattentive score, while the BRI correlated with the CAARS-Inv hyperactive-impulsive score. Within the CAARS and TOVA, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity correlated weakly. Conclusion: The measures seem to capture different aspects of adult ADHD. While the CAARS-Inv addresses mainly the domain of symptoms, and the TOVA that of impairment, the BRIEF-A captures aspects of both.

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