Early Predictors of ADHD: Evidence from a Prospective Birth Cohort

Objective: To identify preschool predictors of registered ADHD diagnoses and compare two ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R:S). Method: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) is a prospective population-based cohort study. The sample were singletons whose mothers responded to MoBa questionnaires at child age 3 years ( n = 57,986) and 5 years ( n = 32,377). ADHD diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register. Predictors were child gender, development and symptoms, and maternal ADHD symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: In all final models, ADHD symptoms at age 3 and 5 years predicted later ADHD: Age 3, CBCL: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.23 (CI [2.59, 4.02]); age 5, CBCL: HR = 10.30 (CI [7.44, 14.26]); and age 5 CPRS-R:S: HR = 5.92 (CI [4.95, 7.07]). Conclusion: The findings underline the importance of taking early parent-reported symptoms seriously. Both rating scales were useful for predicting ADHD.

Download Full-text

Predictive validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from ages 3 to 5 Years

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-021-01750-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin Romvig Overgaard ◽

Beate Oerbeck ◽

Svein Friis ◽

Are Hugo Pripp ◽

Heidi Aase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Small Group ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractWe investigated to what extent parent-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairment at age 3 years predicted elevated ADHD symptoms at age 5 years, and whether teacher-rated ADHD symptoms improved these predictions. This study is part of the longitudinal, population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Parents of 3-year-old children (n = 1195) were interviewed about ADHD and impairment, and teachers rated child ADHD symptoms by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or the Early Childhood Inventory-4. At 5 years of age, the children (n = 957) were classified as ADHD-positive or -negative using Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. Relying solely on parent-rated ADHD or impairment at age 3 years did moderately well in identifying children with persistent elevation of ADHD symptoms, but gave many false positives (positive predictive values (PPVs): .40–.57). A small group of children (n = 20, 13 boys) scored above cut-off on both parent-rated ADHD and impairment, and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, although adding teacher-rated ADHD symptoms slightly weakened the predictive power for girls. For this small group, PPVs were .76 for boys and .64 for girls. Limiting follow-up to these few children will miss many children at risk for ADHD. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring also of children with parent-reported ADHD symptoms and/or impairment to avoid delay in providing interventions. Clinicians should also be aware that teachers may miss ADHD symptoms in preschool girls.

Download Full-text

ADHD in idiopathic epilepsy

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130193 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcos H. C. Duran ◽

Catarina A. Guimarães ◽

Maria Augusta Montenegro ◽

Marina L. Neri ◽

Marilisa M. Guerreiro

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽

Comorbid Condition ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Our aim was to clarify the correlation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with epilepsy and behavior problems. This was a cross-sectional study. Sixty children with idiopathic epilepsy were interviewed using the MTA-SNAP IV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and Conners’ Rating Scales. We used the chi-square test to analyze the correlation of epilepsy variables in patients with and without ADHD with a significance level of 0.05. Eight patients had ADHD symptoms (13%), seven had the inattentive ADHD subtype and only three had behavioral problems. When epileptic patients with and without ADHD symptoms were compared we found no significant difference in regard to epilepsy variables. All patients were controlled and 43% were either without AED or undergoing withdrawal. Our study revealed a low comorbidity of ADHD symptoms and epilepsy due to low interference of seizures and drug treatment on the comorbid condition.

Download Full-text

Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00466-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olweya Mohammed Abd El Baaki ◽

Enas Raafat Abd El Hamid ◽

Safaa Taha Zaki ◽

Amani Salah El Din Alwakkad ◽

Rania Nabil Sabry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Short Form ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Diet Modification ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affects 5% of children worldwide and characterized by impaired inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. One of the risk factors that precipitate ADHD is food. Food affects behavior of children by different ways such as food allergy, food intolerance and gut–microbiota–brain axis. The study aimed to assess effect of diet modification on ADHD outcome and the role of food as a precipitating factor for ADHD symptomatology. The study included 47 children newly diagnosed with ADHD, not receiving medical or behavioral therapy, their ages ranged from 6 to 9 years and their intelligence quotient not below 70 with no associated comorbidities. All participants were subjected to Full history taking, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, 24 h dietary recall. Dietary analysis and Conner’s parent rating scale-revised short form (CPR-RS) were done before and after diet modification program for 5 weeks. Results There was improvement in ADHD symptoms as measured by CPR-RS after 5-weeks of diet modification program. Carbohydrate and protein intake decreased significantly after diet modification program. Energy intake did not show statistical difference while fat intake increased significantly after the diet program. Vitamin A, C, riboflavin, thiamin and iron intakes decreased significantly after diet program but were within the recommended dietary allowance. Conclusion Following the Diet modification program, ADHD symptoms were improved as documented by decrease in CPR scores. Diminished carbohydrate and protein intake in diet were positively associated with improvement of ADHD symptoms. Diet modification program succeeded in reducing obesity and then ADHD symptoms.

Download Full-text

Diagnosis Based on Parent and Teacher Rating for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v13i1.37 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Abdul Rouf ◽

Shabnum Rivees ◽

A Wahid Khan ◽

A G Madhosh ◽

Zeba Zeba

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Teacher Rating ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adhd Children ◽

Icd 10

Parents and teachers play a significant role in the diagnosis of ADHD in children in the clinical setting. With the same in consideration a study was conducted to compare the perception between parents and teachers on the rating scales for ADHD children. The study was conducted on a sample of parents and teachers of 100 children diagnosed as having ADHD as per ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. A newly constructed and standardized parent rating scale for parents of ADHD children and attention deficit comprehensive teacher rating scale for teachers was administered on the target sample. Results indicate that there was statistically no significant difference in the rating of perception between parents and teachers on four dimensions, viz (i) attention (ii) hyperactivity (iii) social skills (iv) oppositional behaviour of ADHD children. To verify these findings, positive correlation was found between parents and teachers perception on all the four dimensions.J Med Sci.2010;13(1);11-14

Download Full-text

The Validity of Teacher Rating Scales for the Assessment of ADHD Symptoms in the Classroom: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054720916839 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108705472091683

Author(s):

Anouck I. Staff ◽

Jaap Oosterlaan ◽

Saskia van der Oord ◽

Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽

Karen Vertessen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Teacher Rating ◽

Impulsive Behavior ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Scale Scores

Objective: To assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the classroom, most often teacher rating scales are used. However, clinical interviews and observations are recommended as gold standard assessment. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the validity of teacher rating scales. Method: Twenty-two studies ( N = 3,947 children) assessing ADHD symptoms using teacher rating scale and either semi-structured clinical interview or structured classroom observation were meta-analyzed. Results: Results showed convergent validity for rating scale scores, with the strongest correlations ( r = .55–.64) for validation against interviews, and for hyperactive–impulsive behavior. Divergent validity was confirmed for teacher ratings validated against interviews, whereas validated against observations this was confirmed for inattention only. Conclusion: Teacher rating scales appear a valid and time-efficient measure to assess classroom ADHD; although validated against semi-structured clinical interviews, there were only a few studies available. Low correlations between ratings and structured observations of inattention suggest that observations could add information above rating scales.

Download Full-text

Sex Differences in the Risk of Developing Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Sleep Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316651260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1560-1568

Author(s):

Wei-Sheng Chung ◽

Hsuan-Hung Lin

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Studies that focus on the relationship between sex and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are scant. The current study investigated the effects of sex differences in the risk of developing ACS in patients with sleep disorders (SDs). This longitudinal population-based cohort study evaluated the incidence and risk of ACS development in 40,232 men and 65,519 women newly diagnosed with SDs between 2002 and 2008 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The follow-up period began from the entry date and ended on the date of an ACS event or December 31, 2010. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to estimate the sex differences in the risk of ACS. Men with SDs exhibited an increased incidence of ACS compared with women with SDs in all age- and comorbidity-specific subgroups. After covariates were adjusted, the men with SDs exhibited a 1.48-fold adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of ACS compared with the women with SDs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-1.60). After age group stratification, the men with SDs in the young adult group exhibited the highest risk of subsequent ACS development compared with the women with SDs (aHR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.69-2.55), followed by those in middle-aged adults (aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.32-1.76) and older adults groups (aHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.39). This study determined that men with SDs, particularly young men, are at a higher risk of subsequent ACS development compared with women with SDs.

Download Full-text

Behavior problems at 3 and 6 years: Prevalence and continuity in full-terms and preterms

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579400000833 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 361-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Susan A. Rose ◽

Judith F. Feldman ◽

Susan L. Rose ◽

Ina F. Wallace ◽

Cecelia McCarton

Keyword(s):

Behavior Problems ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Family Stress ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Behavior Disturbance ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractResults are reported for a 3-year prospective longitudinal study of behavior problems in a group of children born at very low birthweight (<1,500 g) and a full-term control. Behavior problems were assessed with the Behavior Screening Questionnaire (BSQ) at 3 years and with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the hyperactivity index from the Conners parent and teacher scales at 6 years. The findings indicate that the preterms manifested more behavior problems than full-terms at both ages and that the overall prevalence of clinically significant problems increased with age. Although cross-age continuity on parent rating scales was similar and modest for both groups (r = .24–.35), the persistence of significant problems was quite high (50%). Early BSQ scores predicted later externalizing problems, even after the effects of prematurity, socioeconomic status, and family stress were removed, but not later internalizing problems. The latter were more strongly influenced by low SES and family stress. Findings for the full-terms, who had received the CBCL as well as the BSQ at 3 years, suggest that these two instruments may tap somewhat different dimensions of behavior disturbance at age 3.

Download Full-text

The potential utility of parent-reported attention screening in survivors of childhood cancer to identify those in need of comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation

Neuro-Oncology Practice ◽

10.1093/nop/npu026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kristina K. Hardy ◽

Victoria W. Willard ◽

Alissa B. Wigdor ◽

Taryn M. Allen ◽

Melanie J. Bonner

Keyword(s):

Childhood Cancer ◽

Adhd Symptom ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Symptom Screening ◽

Survivors Of Childhood Cancer ◽

Symptom Criteria

Abstract Background Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for neuropsychological late effects, yet identifying those in need of evaluation and obtaining needed services can be challenging for the medical team. Finding time- and cost-effective screening measures that can be used to identify children in need of evaluation is a clinical priority. Our objective was to investigate the association between parent-rated attention problems and related neuropsychological impairments in childhood cancer survivors as a means of identifying those at high risk for difficulties. Methods Cognitive and psychosocial data of survivors who completed neuropsychological evaluations were retrospectively abstracted. Parents of 70 survivors of pediatric cancer (mean age, 11.6 years) completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist. Children also completed a measure of intellectual functioning. The 18 symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were abstracted from the Conners questionnaire, and participants were classified according to whether or not they met attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom criteria (≥6 inattentive symptoms). Results Survivors who met symptom criteria for ADHD (27%) demonstrated greater impairments in IQ and working memory, but not processing speed, than survivors who did not. Meeting ADHD symptom criteria was also associated with greater externalizing and social problems but not more internalizing symptoms. ADHD symptom screening was associated with low sensitivity (range = 26.3%–69.2%) but stronger specificity (range = 75.0%–82.7%) for neuropsychological difficulties. Conclusion Parental ratings of attentional symptoms may be a useful way to screen survivors who may be in need of a full neuropsychological assessment.

Download Full-text

Identifying intergenerational risk factors for ADHD symptoms using polygenic scores in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort

10.1101/2021.02.16.21251737 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Baptiste Pingault ◽

Wikus Barkhuizen ◽

Biyao Wang ◽

Laurie J. Hannigan ◽

Espen Moen Eilertsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Intellectual Ability ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Genetic Transmission ◽

Polygenic Scores

AbstractImportanceKnowledge of the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms can inform psychosocial interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate whether parental genetic risk factors associate with their children’s ADHD symptoms due to genetic transmission of risk or due to parental genetic liability that influences offspring ADHD via parenting environments (genetic nurture).Design and participantsThis study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. This prospective cohort study consisted of 5,405 mother-father-offspring trios recruited between 1999 – 2008.ExposuresWe calculated polygenic scores for parental traits previously associated with ADHD, including psychopathology, substance use, neuroticism, educational attainment and intellectual ability.Main outcomes and measuresMothers reported on their 8-year-old children’s ADHD symptoms using the Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders.ResultsMaternal polygenic scores for ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), neuroticism and smoking predicted child ADHD symptoms in bivariate analyses. After jointly modelling maternal, paternal and child polygenic scores, ADHD symptoms were predicted by children’s polygenic scores for ADHD (β = 0.10; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.14), smoking (β = 0.07; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.10) and educational attainment (β = −0.09; 95% CI −0.13 to −0.05), indicating direct genetic transmission of risk. Mothers’ polygenic scores for ASD (β = 0.05; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.08) and neuroticism (β = 0.05; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08) predicted children’s ADHD symptoms conditional on fathers’ and children’s scores, implicating genetic nurture, or effects due to population stratification or assortative mating.ConclusionsThese results suggest that associations between some parental traits and offspring ADHD symptoms likely reflect a nuanced mix of direct genetic transmission (ADHD, smoking and educational attainment) and genetic nurture (ASD and neuroticism). If confirmed, these findings support previous evidence that maternal ASD or neuroticism may be possible targets for intervention to help break the chain of the intergenerational transmission of ADHD risk.

Download Full-text

Inhibitory control training improves ADHD symptoms and externalizing behavior

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35443/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vahid Nejati ◽

Fateme Fallah ◽

Sarah Raskin

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Behavioral Problem ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Clinical Trial Design ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Interference Control ◽

Behavioral Deficits

Abstract Background: The majority of cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) originate from impaired inhibitory control. Methods: In the present study, thirty preschoolers with ADHD were recruited in a random clinical trial design in two equal control and intervention groups. The Color-Word Stroop test, Go/No- Go task, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, and Child Behavior Checklist were used for assessment at baseline, after intervention, and at one- month follow- up sessions. The program for attentive rehabilitation of inhibition and selective attention (PARISA) was used for intervention in 12-15 sessions. Results: The data demonstrate improvement in prepotent inhibition and interference control in the intervention group. Furthermore, the hyperactivity/ impulsivity symptoms were ameliorated and the externalizing behavioral problem were improved after intervention. Conclusion: Inhibitory control in preschoolers with ADHD is trainable and the benefit of training could be transferred to ADHD symptoms and externalizing behavior.Trial registration: IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1398.046.

Download Full-text