scholarly journals Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olweya Mohammed Abd El Baaki ◽  
Enas Raafat Abd El Hamid ◽  
Safaa Taha Zaki ◽  
Amani Salah El Din Alwakkad ◽  
Rania Nabil Sabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Diet Modification ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affects 5% of children worldwide and characterized by impaired inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. One of the risk factors that precipitate ADHD is food. Food affects behavior of children by different ways such as food allergy, food intolerance and gut–microbiota–brain axis. The study aimed to assess effect of diet modification on ADHD outcome and the role of food as a precipitating factor for ADHD symptomatology. The study included 47 children newly diagnosed with ADHD, not receiving medical or behavioral therapy, their ages ranged from 6 to 9 years and their intelligence quotient not below 70 with no associated comorbidities. All participants were subjected to Full history taking, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, 24 h dietary recall. Dietary analysis and Conner’s parent rating scale-revised short form (CPR-RS) were done before and after diet modification program for 5 weeks. Results There was improvement in ADHD symptoms as measured by CPR-RS after 5-weeks of diet modification program. Carbohydrate and protein intake decreased significantly after diet modification program. Energy intake did not show statistical difference while fat intake increased significantly after the diet program. Vitamin A, C, riboflavin, thiamin and iron intakes decreased significantly after diet program but were within the recommended dietary allowance. Conclusion Following the Diet modification program, ADHD symptoms were improved as documented by decrease in CPR scores. Diminished carbohydrate and protein intake in diet were positively associated with improvement of ADHD symptoms. Diet modification program succeeded in reducing obesity and then ADHD symptoms.

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Therapy and Age: Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability in the Treatment of Major Depression among Patients under and over 65 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Monika Dominiak ◽  
Anna Z. Antosik-Wójcińska ◽  
Marcin Wojnar ◽  
Paweł Mierzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Resistant Depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective therapy in treatment-resistant depression. However, the safety of ECT has been consistently questioned, particularly among elderly patients. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ECT in patients before and after 65 years old. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 and included 91 patients (61 under and 29 over 65 years old) with major depression undergoing ECT. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to evaluate efficacy. Cognitive functions were assessed using: MMSE, RAVLT, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test and Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form. ECT was more effective in older patients as compared to younger (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Increased blood pressure and arrhythmias were more common in the older compared to the younger group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.047, respectively), while disturbances of consciousness did not differ between groups (p = 0.820). Most of the cognitive functions remained unchanged compared to baseline, whereas the outcomes of MMSE, RAVLT and Stroop tests showed greater improvements in the older compared to the younger group (all p < 0.05). The decline in the retrieval consistency of autobiographical memory was more pronounced in the younger group (p = 0.024). ECT is a highly effective, safe and well-tolerated method of treating depression regardless of age.

scholarly journals Parenting practices of Singaporean mothers of children with ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Alefiya Nomanbhoy ◽  
Russell Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Care Giving

Objectives: We wanted to determine: (1) whether ADHD symptoms were more common in mothers of children with ADHD; (2) whether mothers of children with ADHD differed in their parenting strategies; and (3) whether there was a difference in care-giving arrangements for children with ADHD and without ADHD. This was done by comparing mothers of children with ADHD with mothers of children without ADHD in Singapore. Methods: Mothers of children with ADHD ( n=46) and mothers of children without ADHD ( n=45) completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised, the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Results: Mothers of children with ADHD did not report higher levels of current ADHD symptoms compared with the control group. However, they did use less adaptive parenting strategies. There were also no differences in the reported behaviours of children cared for by a paid worker and those cared for by mothers. Conclusions: Data support the Singapore Clinical Guidelines recommendations for the promotion of parenting skills, and referral to parenting programmes for parents of children with ADHD. The promotion of parenting skills and referral to parenting programmes for mothers of children with ADHD might include the option of electronic forms of programme delivery. The model of using paid help in the home, which is commonplace in Singapore, does not seem to disadvantage children with ADHD.

ADHD Symptom Rebound and Emotional Lability With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. López ◽  
Ann Childress ◽  
Ben Adeyi ◽  
Bryan Dirks ◽  
Thomas Babcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To describe symptom rebound in children with ADHD treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) or placebo. Method: During a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of LDX, parents/caregivers completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form symptom rating scale throughout the day. Response, rebound, and emotional lability (EL) were assessed post hoc based on predefined criteria. Results: Most participants given LDX ( n = 207) were responders throughout the day (50.7%-55.6%) versus placebo ( n = 72; 11.1%-22.2%). A total of seven (3.4%) LDX participants showed rebound in the afternoon and/or evening versus seven (9.7%) with placebo. In both groups, most incidences of rebound occurred in the evening. EL (mean) was higher in LDX rebounders and nonresponders (range = 4.2-9.0) versus LDX responders (range = 1.3-1.6) and versus placebo rebounders (range = 0.7-1.9). Conclusion: ADHD symptom rebound occurred in few participants (3.3%) given LDX (accompanied by clinically significant EL). Overall, more participants given LDX versus placebo responded throughout the day.

scholarly journals Frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6-11 years old in the city of Piranshahr

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Abdolkarim Piroti ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Conners Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Background. One of the most common childhood disorders is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD in children aged 6-11 years in Piranshahr city (Iran). Methods. This descriptive-analytical study involved six hundred primary school students (300 girls and 300 boys) in Piranshahr city who were enrolled in the study using stratified random sampling. The frequency of ADHD was assessed using the short form of the Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scale. Results. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indices in girls were respectively 13% and 15%, per Conners Parents Rating Scale, and 14.6% and 16.6% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, while the frequency of ADHD index was 6.33% and 8.66%, respectively. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indexes in boys were respectively 11% and 17% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and 20.6% and 24.6%, respectively, per Conners Parents Rating scale, whereas the frequency of ADHD index was based on parents and teacher was 5.6% and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusion. This study showed that the prevalence of children prone to ADHD in the Piranshahr region is relatively high in comparison with other regions of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to study this disorder in the identity card of children at the entrance to kindergartens and schools to identify the patients, so through timely and appropriate intervention, its important complications in adolescence and adulthood can be prevented.

scholarly journals Variation of psychological and anthropometrics measures before and after dieting and factors associated with body dissatisfaction and quality of life in a Lebanese clinical sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Maha Zakhour ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Nicole Eid ◽  
Georgie Wehbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess a change in the psychological states (stress, self-esteem, anxiety and depression), anthropometric measurements and physical/mental quality of life before and after diet in a sample of Lebanese subjects visiting a diet clinic. The secondary objectives included the evaluation of factors associated with body dissatisfaction, mental and physical quality of life (QOL) before the intervention of the diet program and the change in quality of life after this intervention among those participants. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2018, enrolled 62 participants recruited from three diet clinics. The QOL was measured using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the psychological states was measured using the following scales: The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results A significant reduction in body dissatisfaction, anxiety, waist, weight and body fat and a significant increase in the physical and mental quality of life was seen after diet compared to before it (p < 0.001 for all). No significant variation in perceived stress (p = 0.072), self-esteem (p = 0.885), and depression (p = 0.353) after diet were found. Higher BMI (β = 0.440) and higher anxiety (β = 0.132) were associated with higher body dissatisfaction scores, whereas higher self-esteem (β = − 0.818) was significantly associated with lower body dissatisfaction. Higher perceived stress (β = − 0.711), higher body dissatisfaction (β = − 0.480) and being a female (β = − 4.094) were associated with lower mental QOL. Higher Physical Activity Index was significantly associated with higher mental and physical QOL (β = 0.086 and β = 0.123 respectively). Conclusion The results indicate the effectiveness of diet programs in enhancing the quality of life, psychological and anthropometric measures.

Methylphenidate Dosing: Twice Daily Versus Three Times Daily

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-756
Author(s):  
Mark A. Stein ◽  
Thomas A. Blondis ◽  
Eugene R. Schnitzler ◽  
Tara O'Brien ◽  
Julie Fishkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Dosing Schedule ◽  
Appetite Suppression ◽  
Parent And Teacher Ratings

Objective. To evaluate the short-term efficacy and side effects associated with two methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) dosing patterns. Methods. Twenty-five boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in a 5-week, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover evaluation of MPH administered twice (b.i.d.) versus thrice (t.i.d.) per day (mean dose 8.8 ± 5 mg, .30 ± .1 mg/kg/dose). Four dosing conditions (placebo, titration [gradual increase to target dose], b.i.d., and t.i.d.) were used. Dependent measures obtained on a weekly basis included: parent and teacher ratings of child behavior, parent-child conflicts, parent report of stimulant side effects, child self-report of mood symptoms, a sleep log, laboratory measures of attention, and actigraphic recording of sleep activity. Results. All dosing conditions resulted in significant effects on ADHD symptoms when compared with baseline. Relative to placebo, t.i.d. dosing was characterized by improvement on the greatest number of behavioral measures, and both b.i.d. and t.i.d. were generally more effective than titration. Direct comparisons of b.i.d. and t.i.d. dosing revealed that t.i.d. was associated with greater improvement on the Conners Parent Rating Scale Impulsivity/Hyperactivity factor, with a similar marginally significant effect for the ADD-H Teacher Rating Scale Hyperactivity factor. The analysis of clinically significant change favored a three-times-a-day dosing schedule over placebo on both parent and teacher ratings of impulsivity/hyperactivity and attention. Compared with placebo, appetite suppression was rated, on average, as more severe in the t.i.d. and titration conditions, but not in the b.i.d condition. However, the number of subjects who exhibited any or severe appetite suppression did not differ significantly between the b.i.d. and t.i.d. schedules. Although there was no difference in sleep duration for children on b.i.d. and t.i.d. schedules, total sleep time appeared to decrease slightly on t.i.d. relative to placebo according to both parent ratings and actigraphic assessment. There were no significant differences between b.i.d. and t.i.d. on any other side effects or sleep variables. Conclusions. For many children with ADHD, t.i.d. dosing may be optimal. There are few differences in acute side effects between b.i.d and t.i.d. MPH dosing. The dosing schedule should be selected according to the severity and time course of ADHD symptoms rather than in anticipation of dosing schedule-related side effects.

Validation of the French Version of Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised, Short Form in ADHD-Diagnosed Children and Comparison With Control Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Pierre Fumeaux ◽  
Catherine Mercier ◽  
Sylvain Roche ◽  
Jean Iwaz ◽  
Philippe Stéphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Parent Rating Scale ◽  
Adhd Children

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine measurement invariance and discriminant validity of the French Lausanne version (FLV) of the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised, Short Form (CPRS-R:S) and assess its convergent validity against the ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale (ADHD-SRS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Method: A confirmatory factor analysis and Tobit models were used in 108 ADHD children (aged 6-17) vs. 794 controls (aged 9-15) and score correlations were examined between FLV and ADHD-SRS then CBCL. Results: The factorial structure and reliability of the FLV is confirmed in ADHD children. The FLV showed configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance. FLV scores were significantly higher in ADHD than in control children in all three dimensions ( p < .001). There were strong correlations between FLV Hyperactivity and Cognitive problems/Inattention scores and ADHD-SRS scores of Impulsivity/Hyperactivity ( r = .90) and Inattention ( r = .68) and also strong correlations between FLV Opposition score and the CBCL scores of Aggressive behavior ( r = .84) and Rule-breaking behavior ( r = .66). Conclusion: The study brings support for validation of the FLV regarding invariance in ADHD children, discriminant validity, and convergent validity.

Evidence for the Construct Validities of the Beck Youth Inventories with Child Psychiatric Outpatients

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Steer ◽  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
Judith S. Beck ◽  
Aaron T. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Parent Rating Scale ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Beck Youth Inventories

To provide further information about the construct validities of the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment, these inventories were administered to 35 female and 65 male outpatients whose ages ranged from 7 to 12 years and who were diagnosed with various psychiatric disorders. The Children's Depression Inventory was also administered, and the children were rated by a parent with the Conners' Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form. The scores on the former inventory were more positively correlated with the scores on the Beck Youth Depression Inventory ( r = .81, p < .001) than with scores on the four other Beck Youth Inventories, and those on the Conners Oppositional scale were comparably correlated with the scores on the Beck Youth Disruptive Behavior ( r = .49, p < .001) and Anger ( r = .41, p < .001) Inventories. These latter correlations were higher than those for scores on the Oppositional scale with the scores on the three other Beck scales.

scholarly journals Early Predictors of De Novo and Subthreshold Late-Onset ADHD in a Child and Adolescent Cohort

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471989288
Author(s):  
Chao-Yu Liu ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Essi Viding ◽  
Corina U. Greven ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Childhood Predictors

Objective: The study aimed to identify early childhood risk factors for de novo and subthreshold late-onset ADHD. Method: ADHD symptoms were assessed in 9,875 participants from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale at ages 8, 12, 14, and 16 years, along with other childhood characteristics and adolescent outcomes. Multinomial logistic regressions were implemented to identify early childhood predictors of late-onset ADHD and childhood-onset persistent ADHD, with non-ADHD controls as the reference category. Results: Male sex, increased childhood conduct problems, and low socioeconomic status predicted de novo late-onset ADHD. Additional risk factors predicted subthreshold late-onset ADHD and childhood-onset persistent ADHD. Late-onset ADHD symptoms were also accompanied by increased co-occurring behavioral and emotional problems. Conclusion: Findings of different childhood predictors between subthreshold and de novo late-onset ADHD suggest further investigation into time-varying environmental and biological factors driving psychopathological changes is warranted to fully characterize late-onset ADHD.

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