Monoaminergic Genetic Variants, Prefrontal Cortex–Amygdala Circuit, and Emotional Symptoms in Children With ADHD: Exploration Based on the Gene–Brain–Behavior Relationship

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705471989783
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Qihua Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Defeng Xu ◽  
Haimei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Brain Behavior

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between monoaminergic genetic variants and emotional lability (EL) symptoms in children with ADHD. In addition, genetic effects on prefrontal cortex (PFC)–amygdala functional connectivity (FC) were investigated. Method: Children with ADHD and controls were genotyped for five monoaminergic genetic variants and were evaluated for EL symptoms. Imaging genetic exploration was conducted with previously reported aberrant PFC–amygdala resting-state functional connectivities (RSFCs) as target features. Results: A genotypic effect on EL symptoms was only found for NET1-rs3785143, indicating higher EL symptoms in TT genotype carriers than in C-allele carriers. Imaging genetic analyses indicated a marginal effect of NET1-rs3785143 on ADHD-altered FC between the superficial amygdala (SFA) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Mediation analysis suggested potential effects of NET1-rs3785143 via RSFC (SFA–MFG) on EL. Conclusion: NET1 variants might participate in the pathogenesis of EL in children with ADHD by influencing the function of the PFC–amygdala circuit.

Altered Resting-State Frontoparietal Control Network in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yuan Lin ◽  
Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng ◽  
Meng-Chuan Lai ◽  
Kayako Matsuo ◽  
Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frontoparietal Control Network

AbstractThe frontoparietal control network, anatomically and functionally interposed between the dorsal attention network and default mode network, underpins executive control functions. Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly exhibit deficits in executive functions, which are mainly mediated by the frontoparietal control network. Involvement of the frontoparietal control network based on the anterior prefrontal cortex in neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD has yet to be tested. We used resting-state functional MRI and seed-based correlation analyses to investigate functional connectivity of the frontoparietal control network in a sample of 25 children with ADHD (7–14 years; mean 9.94±1.77 years; 20 males), and 25 age-, sex-, and performance IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. All participants had limited in-scanner head motion. Spearman’s rank correlations were used to test the associations between altered patterns of functional connectivity with clinical symptoms and executive functions, measured by the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test and Spatial Span in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Compared with TD children, children with ADHD demonstrated weaker connectivity between the right anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the right ventrolateral PFC, and between the left anterior PFC and the right inferior parietal lobule. Furthermore, this aberrant connectivity of the frontoparietal control network in ADHD was associated with symptoms of impulsivity and opposition-defiance, as well as impaired response inhibition and attentional control. The findings support potential integration of the disconnection model and the executive dysfunction model for ADHD. Atypical frontoparietal control network may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. (JINS, 2015, 21, 271–284)

scholarly journals Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S50
Author(s):  
Lydia Shackshaft
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

AimsSevere and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) is a challenging condition to treat, with limited therapeutic options, high morbidity, and the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric illness. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment option, as evidence demonstrates promising efficacy in improving mood and reducing core Anorexia Nervosa symptoms, as well as safety and tolerability to patients. We aimed to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of rTMS use in SE-AN patients by assessing changes in resting state functional connectivity, in the first functional neuroimaging analysis investigating rTMS effects in Anorexia Nervosa patients.Method26 females with a current diagnosis of SE-AN received 20 sessions of sham or real high frequency rTMS (10 hertz) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a randomised double-blind trial. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. Neural correlates of rTMS treatment were identified using a seed-based functional connectivity analysis with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral amygdalae as regions of interest. Functional connectivity differences were analysed using t-contrasts in a mixed ANOVA (flexible factorial analysis) to assess interactions between treatment group (real rTMS vs sham) and time-point (pre or post TMS).ResultNo statistically significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity were observed post-rTMS compared to baseline in participants receiving active rTMS compared to sham. Increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and left pre-supplementary motor area was observed to reach cluster-wise significance (PFWE < 0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (3 seed regions), this did not reach the significance threshold PFWE <0.017.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for further investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms, including resting-state functional connectivity modulation, resulting from rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in SE-AN patients. This requires higher powered studies to account for heterogeneity in treatment response. We have provided some indication that high frequency rTMS may have therapeutic benefit in SE-AN by modification of functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic brain regions, resulting in improved top-down cognitive control over emotional processing and ability to enact goal-directed behaviours, enabling secondary reductions in eating disorder behaviours.

Resting state functional connectivity of the anterior striatum and prefrontal cortex predicts reading performance in school-age children

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarael Alcauter ◽  
Liliana García-Mondragón ◽  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Martha B. Moreno ◽  
Juan J. Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the left ventral prefrontal cortex in treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1921-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tang ◽  
L. Kong ◽  
F. Wu ◽  
F. Womer ◽  
W. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Naïve

BackgroundConvergent studies provide support for abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala, the key components of the neural system that subserves emotional processing in major depressive disorder (MDD). We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine potential amygdala–PFC functional connectivity abnormalities in treatment-naive subjects with MDD.MethodsResting-state fMRI data were acquired from 28 individuals with MDD and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects. Amygdala–PFC functional connectivity was compared between the MDD and HC groups.ResultsDecreased functional connectivity to the left ventral PFC (VPFC) from the left and right amygdala was observed in the MDD group, compared with the HC group (p < 0.05, corrected).ConclusionsThe treatment-naive subjects with MDD showed decreased functional connectivity from the amygdala to the VPFC, especially to the left VPFC. This suggests that these connections may play an important role in the neuropathophysiology of MDD at its onset.

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