Depressive Symptoms Account for Loss of Positive Attention Bias in ADHD Patients: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110636
Author(s):  
Cassandra C. Schuthof ◽  
Indira Tendolkar ◽  
Maria Annemiek Bergman ◽  
Margit Klok ◽  
Rose M. Collard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Processing Differences

Objectives: Depression and ADHD often co-occur and are both characterized by altered attentional processing. Differences and overlap in the profile of attention to emotional information may help explain the co-occurence. We examined negative attention bias in ADHD as neurocognitive marker for comorbid depression. Methods: Patients with depression ( n = 63), ADHD ( n = 43), ADHD and depression ( n = 25), and non-psychiatric controls ( n = 68) were compared on attention allocation toward emotional faces. The following eye-tracking indices were used: gaze duration, number of revisits, and location and duration of first fixation. Results: Controls revisited the happy faces more than the other facial expressions. Both the depression and the comorbid group showed significantly less revisits of the happy faces compared to the ADHD and the control group. Interestingly, after controlling for depressive symptoms, the groups no longer differed on the number of revisits. Conclusion: ADHD patients show a relative positive attention bias, while negative attention bias in ADHD likely indicates (sub)clinical comorbid depression.

Attentional processing of emotional faces in schizophrenia: Evidence from eye tracking.

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 894-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Kyeong Jang ◽  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Chai-Youn Kim ◽  
Hyeon-Seung Lee ◽  
Kee-Hong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Emotional Faces

scholarly journals ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING OF INPUT IN EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimali Indrarathne ◽  
Judit Kormos
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Specific Instruction ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Input Enhancement ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we examined language learners’ attentional processing of a target syntactic construction in written L2 input in different input conditions, the change in learners’ knowledge of the targeted construction in these conditions, and the relationship between the change in knowledge and attentional processing. One hundred L2 learners of English in Sri Lanka were divided into four experimental groups and control group: input flood, input enhancement, a specific instruction to pay attention to the target grammatical construction in the input, and an explicit metalinguistic explanation of the target construction. Eye tracking was used to collect data on the attentional processing of 45 participants in the sample. The eye-tracking measures of learners who received a specific instruction to pay attention to the target structure and an explicit metalinguistic explanation indicated increased attentional processing. The learners in these groups also improved their knowledge of the target structure significantly. The results suggest that increased attentional processing is needed for development in L2 grammatical knowledge and that explicit instruction to pay attention to the input and metalinguistic explanation are successful in directing learners’ attentional resources toward novel grammatical constructions in the input.

scholarly journals Attentional processing of pain faces and other emotional faces in chronic pain–an eye-tracking study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252398
Author(s):  
Janosch A. Priebe ◽  
Claudia Horn-Hofmann ◽  
Daniel Wolf ◽  
Stefanie Wolff ◽  
Michael Heesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Fixation Probabilities

Altered attentional processing of pain-associated stimuli–which might take the form of either avoidance or enhanced vigilance–is thought to be implicated in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. In contrast to reaction time tasks like the dot probe, eye tracking allows for tracking the time course of visual attention and thus differentiating early and late attentional processes. Our study aimed at investigating visual attention to emotional faces in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (N = 20) and matched pain-free controls (N = 20). Emotional faces (pain, angry, happy) were presented in pairs with a neutral face for 2000 ms each. Three parameters were determined: First fixation probabilities, fixation durations (overall and divided in four 500 ms intervals) and a fixation bias score as the relative fixation duration of emotional faces compared to neutral faces. There were no group differences in any of the parameters. First fixation probabilities were lower for pain faces than for angry faces. Overall, we found longer fixation duration on emotional compared to neutral faces (‘emotionality bias’), which is in accord with previous research. However, significant longer fixation duration compared to the neutral face was detected only for happy and angry but not for pain faces. In addition, fixation durations as well as bias scores yielded evidence for vigilant-avoidant processing of pain faces in both groups. These results suggest that attentional bias towards pain-associated stimuli might not generally differentiate between healthy individuals and chronic pain patients. Exaggerated attentional bias in patients might occur only under specific circumstances, e.g., towards stimulus material specifically relating to the specific pain of the patients under study or under high emotional distress.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alexithymia on Attentional Bias Toward Emotional Stimuli in Depression: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Annemiek Bergman ◽  
Constance Th. W. M. Vissers ◽  
Rose M. Collard ◽  
Philip van Eijndhoven ◽  
Aart H. Schene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Attentional Processing

Alexithymia—reflecting deficits in cognitive emotion processing—is highly prevalent in individuals with depressive disorders. Subsequently, mixed evidence for attentional bias is found in these individuals. Alexithymia may be a potential influencing factor for attentional bias in depression. In the current study, 83 currently depressed (CD) and 76 never-depressed (ND) controls completed an eye-tracker task consisting of valenced (non)-social pictures. Alexithymia scores were also included as a moderator as both a continuous and categorical measure (so high vs. low alexithymia). No group difference or moderating effect of alexithymia was found on attentional bias. Thus, alexithymic symptoms, included both dimensionally and categorically, may not influence biased attentional processing in depression compared to ND individuals. Thus, it is important to explore other potential explaining factors for the equivocal results found on biased attentional processing of emotional information in depression.

The cross-modal transfer of emotional information from voices to faces in 5-, 8- and 10-year-old children and adults: An eye-tracking study.

Emotion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Palama ◽  
Jennifer Malsert ◽  
Didier Grandjean ◽  
David Sander ◽  
Edouard Gentaz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
The Cross

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

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