scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Youth With ADHD: Predictors and Moderators of Response to Pandemic Restrictions on Daily Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110636
Author(s):  
Eliana Rosenthal ◽  
Sara Franklin-Gillette ◽  
Hi Jae Jung ◽  
Amanda Nelson ◽  
Steven W. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
School Year ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Youth With Adhd

We examined COVID-19 symptoms and infection rates, disruptions to functioning, and moderators of pandemic response for 620 youth with ADHD and 614 individually matched controls (70% male; Mage = 12.4) participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. There were no group differences in COVID-19 infection rate; however, youth with ADHD were more likely to exhibit COVID-19 symptoms ( d = 0.25), greater sleep problems ( d = −0.52), fear and negative emotions to infection risk ( d = −0.56), trouble with remote learning ( d = −0.54), rule-breaking behavior related to COVID-19 restrictions ( d = −0.23), family conflict ( d = −0.13), and were less prepared for the next school year ( d = 0.38). Youth with ADHD were less responsive to protective environmental variables (e.g., parental monitoring, school engagement) during the pandemic and may need more specialized support with return to in-person schooling and daily activities.

scholarly journals Testing the effect of summer camp on excess summer weight gain in youth from low-income households: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Whitney Evans ◽  
Rena R. Wing ◽  
Denise F. Pierre ◽  
Whitney C. Howie ◽  
Morgan Brinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Year ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract Background Children from racial and ethnic minority groups, low-income households, and those with overweight or obesity gain more weight during the summer than the school year. Summer day camps, which offer routine opportunities for physical activity and regular meal and snack times, have potential to mitigate excess weight gain. This randomized controlled trial was done to determine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of summer camp in preventing excess summer weight gain among youth from low-income households. Methods Children, ages 6 to 12 years, were randomized to attend 8-weeks of summer day camp (CAMP) or to experience an unstructured summer as usual (SAU) in 2017–2018. Primary feasibility outcomes included retention, engagement and completion of midsummer measures. Secondary outcomes included changes in BMIz, engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior, and diet quality and energy intake from the school year to summer. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to assess group differences. Results Ninety-four participants were randomized to CAMP (n = 46) or SAU (n = 48), of whom 93.0 and 91.6% completed end of school and end of summer assessments, respectively. While CAMP participants attended only 50% of camp days offered, on average, they lost − 0.03 BMIz units while those in SAU gained 0.07 BMIz units over the summer (b = 0.10; p = .02). Group differences in change in energy intake from the school year to summer were borderline significant, as energy intake remained relatively unchanged in CAMP participants but increased among participants in SAU (p = 0.07). Conclusions Randomizing children to attend summer day camp or experience an unstructured summer as usual was effective in this low-income sample. Our findings support the potential for summer camps in mitigating excess summer weight gain. A larger randomized trial is needed explore efficacy, cost-effectiveness and longer-term effects of attending summer camp on weight and weight-related behaviors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT04085965 (09/2019, retrospective registration).

The Role of Parental Monitoring in Mediating the Link Between Adolescent ADHD Symptoms and Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Bella Poni ◽  
Naama Gershy ◽  
Adi Aran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Objective: ADHD in adolescents and low level of parental monitoring have been associated with increased risk-taking behavior. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts mediates the correlations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior. Method: Ninety-two adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parents’ monitoring, engagement in risk-taking behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. Results: Greater engagement in risk-taking behavior correlated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms and decreased parental monitoring. Mediation analysis revealed both direct effect of ADHD symptoms on risk-taking behavior and an indirect effect mediated by level of parental knowledge. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental knowledge is negatively affected by the presence of ADHD symptoms, and may in turn lead to risk-taking behavior. The findings emphasize the need to target parenting and in particular parental knowledge of the child’s whereabouts to reduce risk-taking behaviors among youth with ADHD.

scholarly journals Effects of Multiple Mild TBIs on Neuropsychological Functioning, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Neurobehavioral/Health-Related Symptoms in Combat-Exposed Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-851
Author(s):  
V Merritt ◽  
S Jurick ◽  
L Crocker ◽  
S Hoffman ◽  
A Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) on objective neuropsychological functioning and subjective symptom reporting in a sample of combat-exposed Veterans. Method Participants included 80 combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans (91.3% male; age: M = 34.33, SD = 6.44) divided into three groups based on mTBI history: 0 mTBIs (n = 33), 1-2 mTBIs (n = 26), and 3+ mTBIs (n = 21). Veterans with mTBI were assessed, on average, 7.5 years following their most recent mTBI. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing and completed self-report measures assessing psychiatric and neurobehavioral/health-related symptoms. Results ANCOVAs adjusting for level of combat exposure showed no group differences on the memory and attention/executive functioning composite scores (p’s>.05). Additionally, groups did not differ with respect to symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression (p’s>.05). In contrast, there were significant group differences on all neurobehavioral/health-related symptoms, including post-concussive symptom clusters (p’s < .001-.005), sleep problems (p = .024), pain symptoms (p < .001), and pain catastrophizing (p = .049). In general, Veterans with 3+ mTBIs self-reported the most severe symptoms, followed by Veterans with 1-2 mTBIs and 0 mTBIs. Conclusions History of multiple, remote mTBIs is associated with elevated subjective neurobehavioral/health-related symptoms in a dose-dependent fashion, but is not associated with objective neuropsychological functioning or ratings of psychiatric distress in combat-exposed Veterans. These results advance understanding of the long-term consequences of multiple mTBIs in this population and suggest that Veterans with 3 or more mTBIs may especially benefit from (1) early treatments aimed at ameliorating sleep and pain symptoms and (2) therapies that provide tools to temper catastrophic thinking about these symptoms.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Different Approaches Adopted in the Italian Regions to Care for Patients Affected by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Pecoraro ◽  
Daniela Luzi ◽  
Fabrizio Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
At Home

As the Italian health system is regionally based, COVID-19 emergency actions are based on a general lockdown imposed by national authority and then management at local level by 21 regional authorities. Therefore, the pandemic response plan developed by each region led to different approaches. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether differences in patient management may have influenced the local course of the epidemic. The analysis on the 21 Italian regions considers the strategies adopted in terms of hospitalization, treatment in the ICU and at home. Moreover, an in-depth analysis was carried out on: Lombardia, which adopted a hospitalization approach; Veneto, which tended to confine patients at home; and Emilia Romagna, which adopted a mixed hospitalization-home based approach. The majority of regions implemented a home-based approach, while the hospital approach was followed in three regions (Lombardia, Piemonte, and Lazio), mainly limited to the first period of the outbreak. All regions in the later phases tended to reduce hospitalization, preferring to confine patients at home. This comparison, highlighting the different phases of the pandemic, outlined that the adoption of home-based practices contributed to limiting infection rates among patients and health professionals as well as decreasing the number of deaths.

scholarly journals Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Ogata Perrenoud ◽  
Koki Fernando Oikawa ◽  
Anna Virginia Williams ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira ◽  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Deviant Behaviors

Abstract Background Crack-cocaine dependence is a serious public health issue, related to several psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Crack-cocaine users are usually embedded in a context of great social vulnerability, often associated with violence, poverty, family conflict and easy and early access to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 577 patients admitted to 20 therapeutic communities located in Southern Brazil, between September 2012 and September 2013. A structured interview assessed life-time exposure to risk and protective factors for drug use, such as parental monitoring in childhood, deviant behaviors and peer pressure. Results Presence of family conflict (p = 0.002), maltreatment (p = 0.016), and deviant behavior prior to age 15 in a bivariate analysis predicted an earlier age of crack-cocaine initiation, whereas adolescents experiencing parental monitoring during adolescence started use later (p < 0.001). In the multivariate model, perceptions related to ease of access of illicit drugs (marijuana: p = 0.028, 95% CI = − 3.81, − 0.22; crack-cocaine: p < 0.001, 95% CI = − 7.40, − 4.90), and deviant behavior (threatening someone with a gun: p = 0.028, 95% CI = − 2.57, − 0.14) remained independent predictors of early age of crack-cocaine initiation. Conclusions Early onset of crack-cocaine use seems to be associated with exposure to family conflict, easy access to drugs and deviant behavior. Treatment and preventive programs should take these factors into account when designing and implementing community interventions.

Latino Parent Home-based Practices That Bolster Student Academic Persistence

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine A. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Academic Persistence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Academic Attitudes ◽  
School Year ◽  
Home Based

Home-based parental involvement practices (i.e., educational encouragement, monitoring, and support) and their impact on students’ academic persistence were investigated with a sample of 137, ninth-grade Latino students in a northeast high school. Structural Equation Modeling results indicate that the relationship between home-based parental involvement activities and students’ intentions to complete the next school year is mediated by students’ school beliefs (i.e., perceptions of school responsiveness, school engagement-trouble, academic attitudes, and academic self-efficacy). Home-based parental involvement influences children’s attitudes and beliefs about school culminating in students’ intentions to persevere academically. This study addresses the common misperception that Latino parents are not involved in their children’s formal education. An important implication of this study is that parents can have an impact on students’ academic persistence even if they are not able to attend school-based activities.

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