Longitudinal Effects of Impact Fees and Special Assessments on the Level of Capital Spending, Taxes, and Long-Term Debt in American Cities

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhoon Jung ◽  
Chul-Young Roh ◽  
Younguck Kang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Fees ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
American Cities

Introduction: Kinship Bereavement in Later Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Adult Child ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

This article introduces a volume devoted to the examination of later-life bereavement: an analysis of variation in cause, course, and consequence. Six articles address and represent this variation and comprise this volume: 1) Prigerson et al. present case histories of the traumatic grief of spouses; 2) Hays et al. highlight the bereavement experiences of siblings in contrast to those spouses and friends; 3) Moss et al. address the role of gender in middle-aged children's responses to parent death; 4) Bower focuses on the language adopted by these adult children in accepting the death of a parent; 5) de Vries et al. explore the long-term, longitudinal effects on the psychological and somatic functioning of parents following the death of an adult child; and 6) Fry presents the short-term and longitudinal reactions of grandparents to the death of a grandchild. A concluding article is offered by de Vries stressing both the unique and common features of these varied bereavement experiences touching on some of the empirical issues and suggesting potential implications and applications.

Estimating Long Term Major Maintenance and Capital Spending Requirements of Trinidad’s Aging Power Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Richwine ◽  
Michael Joseph ◽  
Charles Huguenard ◽  
Hafeez Baksh ◽  
Mike Elenbass
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Generation Company ◽  
Insight Into

This paper describes the process used by the Power Generation Company of Trinidad and Tobago (PowerGen) to estimate the range of major (expenditures greater than US$50,000) recurring and non-recurring costs that can be expected to be incurred from 2006–2025 by PowerGen’s three existing generating facilities: Port of Spain, Point Lisas and Penal. Since many of these Capital and O&M costs are not 100% certain, a probabilistic approach was used that incorporates a Monte Carlo methodology. The results of this approach allowed PowerGen to better understand the range of possible major capital and O&M expenditures that would likely be required over the next 20 years along with a quantification of the risk profile of those ranges. By adding these costs to the routine O&M costs, a total cost cash flow timeline was able to be developed that more realistically forecast the actual financial requirements of PowerGen’s power plants. Periodic review and updates of the data will also provide PowerGen with a continuing sound basis for long term technical and financial decisions. Additionally, a benchmarking analysis was performed that compared the reliability trends of similar but older technologies to those plants in PowerGen’s fleet in order to gain an insight into the reliability expectations for PowerGen plants over the next twenty years.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl and its Effects on Environment and Farmland a Timisoara Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Smaranda BICA ◽  
Diana BELCI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
East European ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
American Cities

Urban sprawl has been plaguing Western European and American cities for the last 70 years. One has fought against this phenomenon all over the world with a combination of strategic planning and urban regulations, focusing on growth management, sustainable development and preservation of farmland. East European cities, Romanian cities included, have been rapaciously consuming the free natural and agricultural land around them, without long-term development policies. The aim of this paper is analyzing urban sprawl around Timișoara and finding efficient ways of economizing urban and rural land. The article is based on several urban studies, statistical and traffic data showing the magnitude of the phenomenon and its dramatic effects on the environment.The European Union required to recent members to follow the path set by the developed countries, even if their economies have a system more or less centralized inherited from communism. It is still unclear who should be responsible for urban planning; the rules and regulations are made along the way, while the investors’ pressure is huge. Meanwhile extended rural and agricultural land might be destroyed. Most politicians do not acknowledge this problem as they approve further expansion into farmland without any previous planning. This paper might be just tackling this subject, but its target should be making urban sprawl more visible, understanding its dimension and dramatic effects around Romanian cities.

Kuwait's politics will stall economic reforms

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Assets

Significance With huge financial reserves, low public debt and a small population, Kuwait is one of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states best equipped to ride out an extended period of low oil prices. However, with the country registering its first budget deficit in 16 years, concerns about Kuwait's long-term fiscal sustainability have become more pressing, and the government has introduced a reform plan aimed at restructuring the economy. Impacts The government will step up capital spending, launching as many projects as possible before the 2017 election. The private sector is likely to face increased financial costs, eg, corporate taxes, higher utilities charges and employment of nationals. Kuwait will become further integrated into the international bond market, and rely more on its international assets as a source of income. Political tensions could rise ahead of the 2017 poll if the government takes more measures to reduce opposition electoral prospects. Kuwait will lag behind other GCC states in its progress on economic reforms.

Saudi economic reform will be gradual

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Community ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Asset Sales ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Spending Cuts

Significance The government has recently taken some modest steps to rein in the budget deficit, including cuts in energy subsidies, and has promised to improve disclosure of its fiscal performance, but is preparing further measures to put the economy on a sustainable long-term footing. Impacts Subsidy cuts and the prospect of VAT could cause popular resentment because they will affect ordinary citizens more severely than the elite. These measures will widen the income gap and, in the longer run, could increase pressure for more accountable forms of government. Land and other asset sales could generate controversy if businesses associated with the royal family are receiving special treatment. Capital spending cuts will create anger among the business community if projects linked to the deputy crown prince are protected. A prolonged fiscal squeeze could stoke tensions within the royal family and damage the credibility of the deputy crown prince.

Azerbaijan's stability will trump diversification

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Remittance Flows

Subject Economic diversification in Azerbaijan. Significance Speaking at the Asian Development Bank's annual board of governors meeting in Baku in early May, President Ilham Aliyev said low world oil prices had led the government to implement across-the-board cost-cutting measures to balance the budget. While Azerbaijan has always sought to reduce its dependence on the energy sector, both oil and natural gas exports will continue to be the backbone of economic growth, he declared. Diversifying the national economy away from hydrocarbons towards higher value-added industries and services remains the government's long-term key priority. However, it faces multiple structural challenges. Impacts Azerbaijan's exposure to the neighbouring Russian market will be below average. However, it will continue to be affected by its economic crisis, particularly in terms of migrant remittance flows. The government's capital spending cuts will have direct negative consequences for the downstream sector, regarded as a strategic objective.

Liberia's next president faces mounting expectations

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Election Violence ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

Significance Whoever succeeds outgoing President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf will have to tackle widespread state corruption, cut recurrent government expenditure and boost infrastructure spending to spur economic growth. Impacts Post-election violence could spike if the opposition loses and accuses a partial electoral commission of manipulation. Low capital spending and poor infrastructure will remain a persistent deterrence to long-term private and foreign investment. International financial institutions will pressure the new government to cut public spending. Further delays to a proposed constitutional referendum are likely.

scholarly journals Health care investments and economic performance in Portugal: an industry level analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo M. Pereira ◽  
Rui M. Pereira ◽  
Pedro G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
Capital Spending

Purpose The purpose of this paper, on Portugal, is to determine the economic effects of public and private capital spending on health. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a vector autoregressive model to estimate the elasticities and marginal products of health care investments in Portugal on investment, employment and output. Findings Every €1m invested in health care yields significant positive spillover effects, boosting investment and GDP by €24.74 and €20.45m, respectively, creating 188 net jobs. Adversely, net exports deteriorate, as new capital goods are imported. While only 28.2 percent of the total accumulated increase in GDP occurs within a year, investment is front loaded with a corresponding 73.8 percent. Over this period, 68 workers are displaced for every €1m invested. At a disaggregated level, real estate, construction, and transportation and storage are industries where output shares increase the most. Employment shares increase the most in professional services, construction and basic metals. Research limitations/implications This paper adds to the empirical literature, corroborating, for example, Rivera and Currais (1999a) and McDonald and Roberts (2002) in that health care spending can have a very significant effect on macroeconomic aggregates. In addition to the analysis of the tradable/non-tradable divide, it adds two further novelties by discussing industry-specific effects on economic performance and the distinction between effects on impact and those over the longer term. Practical implications As policy implications, health investments have very significant long-term economic performance effects, but are unhelpful counter cyclically. Also, they will change the industry mix: construction and professional services are the non-traded industries that will benefit the most, while the traded industries of non-metallic minerals, basic metals, and machinery and equipment benefit much less. Social implications Given that capital spending on health boosts economic performance, especially in the long run, it ought to be a part of Portugal’s medium-to-long-term growth strategy. Also, if these projects depress economic activity in the short run, and are thus unhelpful counter cyclically, the timing of when they are launched matters. Furthermore, following a health investment, policies that boost net exports will be required to ensure trade balance. Originality/value The originality of this paper is to estimate, in a dynamic framework, the aggregate and industry-specific elasticities and marginal products on investment, employment and output, allowing the identification of effects both on impact and over the long term. Although health care investments are expected to have important macroeconomic effects, they need not be evenly distributed across industries.

CREATING 3D-DATABASE FROM IMAGES AS TOOL FOR RECORDING BUILDINGS, IN CITIES WITH NATURAL DISASTER HAZARD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Rodriguez Quesada ◽  
Frank Navarro Tamayo ◽  
Veronica Avila Ayon ◽  
Alexander Justel Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Latin American ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
3D Database ◽  
American Cities

Preparing for natural disasters is vital for mitigating harm and loss of important cultural sites. In Cuba, this rigorous planning informed by years of experience has focused on the recuperation phase after a disaster or storm. Governmental agencies plan rehabilitation and reconstruction projects in the short, medium, and long term. Accurate models are essential for planning these recovery projects. Photogrammetry represents a novel way to create these models at a potentially city-wide scale. Images taken with conventional cameras are used for object measurement to create digital 3D models of buildings, which will be stored in an architectural database. Important cultural and historic sites were used as initial case studies for the creation of models through photogrammetry. These catalogs will facilitate the maintenance and assessment of these important sites and help to plan future reconstruction plans after a natural disaster. Photogrammetric corrections cause minimal graphic distortion to provide accurate metrics of geometric and decorative information. Examples of these techniques in other Latin American cities will also be discussed.

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