Safety Assessment of Trimoniums as Used in Cosmetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 296S-341S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian C. Becker ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Cosmetic Product

Quaternary ammonium salts, including alkyl chain, alkanol, and polymer derivatives (trimoniums) are used in cosmetics mainly as surfactant-cleansing agents, hair-conditioning agents, and antistatic agents.  The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reviewed the relevant animal and human data and noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the trimomiums.  The available data on many of the trimoniums are sufficient, however, and similar structural activity relationships, functions in cosmetics, and cosmetic product usage supported extending these data to the entire group.  These ingredients were determined to be safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.

scholarly journals Final Report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel on the Safety Assessment of Dicarboxylic Acids, Salts, and Esters

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5S-76S ◽  
Author(s):  
Monice M. Fiume ◽  
HBart eldreth ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Cosmetic Product

The CIR Expert Panel assessed the safety of dicarboxylic acids and their salts and esters as used in cosmetics. Most dicarboxylic acids function in cosmetics as pH adjusters or fragrance ingredients, but the functions of most of the salts in cosmetics are not reported. Some of the esters function as skin conditioning or fragrance ingredients, plasticizers, solvents, or emollients. The Expert Panel noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the dicarboxylic acid and their salts and esters in this safety assessment. The available data on many of the ingredients are sufficient, however, and similar structural activity relationships, biologic functions, and cosmetic product usage suggest that the available data may be extrapolated to support the safety of the entire group. The Panel concluded that the ingredients named in this report are safe in the present practices of use and concentration.

Safety Assessment of Alkyl Benzoates as Used in Cosmetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 342S-372S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian C. 'Becker ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Almost All

The functions of alkyl benzoates in cosmetics include fragrance ingredients, skin-conditioning agents—emollient, skin-conditioning agents—miscellaneous, preservatives, solvents, and plasticizers. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reviewed the relevant animal and human data and noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the alkyl benzoates. Similar structure activity relationships, biologic functions, and cosmetic product usage allowed the available data of many of the alkyl benzoates to be extended to the entire group. Carcinogenicity data were not available, but available data indicated that these alkyl benzoate cosmetic ingredients are not genotoxic. Also benzoic acid and tested component alcohols were not reproductive or developmental toxicants, are not genotoxic in almost all assays, and are not carcinogenic. These ingredients were determined to be safe in the present practices of use and concentration.

Enantiomerically pure quaternary ammonium salts with a chiral alkyl chain N(CH3)(n-C3H7)2(sec-C4H9)I: Synthesis and physical studies

Chirality ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Gheorghe ◽  
Lise-Marie Chamoreau ◽  
Josef Kapitan ◽  
Nikolaï S. Ovanesyan ◽  
Sergei M. Aldoshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure

Antimicrobial Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Some Saturated Heterocycloalkyl Amines [1]

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 485-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lacko ◽  
Ferdinand Devínsky ◽  
Ľudovít Krasnec ◽  
Dušan Mlynarčik
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
Inhibition Concentration

Abstract N,N-Dialkyl Ammonium Salts of Saturated Heterocyclic Amines, Antimicrobial Activity Antimicrobial activity of N-alkyl-N-dodecylpiperidinium bromides and N-ethyl-N-dodecylheterocycloalkyl ammonium bromides (pyrrolidine, morpholine, perhydroazepine) deter­ mined on grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, yeasts and moulds, presented as minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Comparison of the effect of change of structure: lenghtening of alkyl chain, change of heterocyclic ring. Change in the lenght of alkyl chain markedly affects the antimicrobial activity, change of heterocyclic ring has no substantial effect. The most active compounds were N-heptyl-and N-hexyl-N-dodecylpiperidinium bromides.

The influence of cation and anion structure of new quaternary ammonium salts on adsorption and leaching

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Zabielska-Matejuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Pine Wood

Abstract This study examined the effect of cation and anion chemical structure of new quaternary ammonium and imidazolium compounds (QAC, bis-QAC, IC, bis-IC) on the adsorption onto Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and resistance to water leaching. The group of copper (II) modified QACs, containing copper-chloro-acetate complexes in the anion structure, was also examined. The length of alkyl hydrophobic substituents in the cation structure significantly influences adsorption. The adsorption characteristics were statistically related to the alkyl chain length of new quaternary ammonium salts (quantitative correlations between CMC and adsorption values). Bis-ICs adsorb onto Scots pine wood with the greatest difficulty and the slowest and are also leached to the greatest degree. A varied adsorption of chloride ion cations and a several times higher leaching of chlorides than cations of the examined salts from the saturated wood were observed. The anion modification of bis-QAC and bis-IC of copper-chloro-acetate complexes causes decreased adsorption and resistance to the leaching of these salts. As a result of the performed regression analysis of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, it was found that the adsorption of the examined compounds onto wood was governed by both chemical and physical processes. New quaternary ammonium and imidazolium compounds represent potential wood preservatives.

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cetrimonium Chloride, Cetrimonium Bromide, and Steartrimonium Chloride

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-220 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects ◽  
Cetrimonium Bromide

Cetrimonium Bromide, Cetrimonium Chloride, and Steartrimonium Chloride are quaternary ammonium salts used for a variety of purposes in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 10%. Cetrimonium Bromide given orally is poorly absorbed from the intestine and is excreted in feces. Cetrimonium Bromide applied dermally is absorbed into the skin, but not rapidly. Dermal irritation and sensitization and ocular irritation are seen with these quaternary ammonium salts. Cetrimonium Bromide was embryotoxic and teratogenic in mice following intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg; only teratogenic effects were observed with 10 mg/kg. Embryotoxic effects consistent with maternal toxicity were seen in a rat-feeding study using 50 mg/kg/day. Dermal exposure to 2% Cetrimonium Chloride produced no evidence of teratogenieity; nor did 2.5% Steartrimonium Chloride. All mutagenesis assays used were negative. Repeated insult patch tests of concentrations of up to 0.25% Cetrimonium Chloride produced no sensitization reactions, although irritation was observed during induction. Based on the available data Cetrimonium Bromide, Cetrimonium Chloride, and Steartrimonium Chloride are considered safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products but are safe only at concentrations of up to 0.25% in leave-on products.

scholarly journals Safety Assessment of Dialkyl Sulfosuccinate Salts as Used in Cosmetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 34S-46S ◽  
Author(s):  
Monice M. Fiume ◽  
Bart Heldreth ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Sodium Sulfosuccinate

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 8 dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts for use in cosmetics, finding that these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. The dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts primarily function as surfactants in cosmetics. The Panel reviewed the new and existing available animal and clinical data in making its determination of safety. The Panel found it appropriate to extrapolate the data on diethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate to assess the safety of the entire group because all of the diesters are of a similar alkyl chain length, all are symmetrically substituted, and all have similar functions in cosmetic formulations.

Safety Assessment of Polyene Group as Used in Cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 59S-90S
Author(s):  
Christina L. Burnett ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Chemical Structures

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of polyenes, which are reported to function in cosmetics primarily as film formers and viscosity increasing agents. The Panel reviewed relevant data related to these ingredients, not inggaps in the available safety data for some of the polyenes in this safety assessment. The data available for many of the ingredients are sufficient and can be extrapolated to support the safety of the entire group because of the similarities in the chemical structures, chemical properties, use concentrations, and reported functions across the group. The Panel concluded that polyenes were safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.

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