Bioinformatic Analysis Identified Hub Genes Associated with Heterocyclic Amines Induced Cytotoxicity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a set of food contaminants that may exert a cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, the genetic mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of HCAs on PBMC has not been investigated. In the study, bioinformatic analysis on gene dataset GSE19078 was performed. The results of weighted correlation network analysis and linear models for microarray and RNA-seq data analysis showed that four gene modules were relevant to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) exposure while one gene module was correlated with 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5f]quinoline (IQ) exposure. Gene functional analysis showed that the five modules were annotated mainly with mRNA transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, RNA catabolic process, protein targeting, and immune function. Five genes, MIER1, NDUFA4, MLL3, CD53 and CSF3 were recognized as the feature genes for each hub gene network of the corresponding gene module, and the expression of feature genes was observed with a significant difference between the PhIP/IQ samples and the other samples. Our results provide novel genes and promising mechanisms for exploration on the genetic mechanism of HCAs on PBMC.

One-Pot Solvent-and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Some New Heteroarylaminonaphthoquinones from Lawsone

: A clean and efficient one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a series of new 2-hydroxy-3-((3-aryl)(heteroarylamino)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives has been developed by the three-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, aromatic aldehydes and heterocyclic amines at 90 oC under solvent and catalyst-free conditions. The procedure avoids the use of toxic solvents, tedious work-up, catalyst and purification of the products by chromatographic methods. Simple operation, short reaction times, generating the desired compounds in high to excellent yields and an environmentally benign method are advantages of this protocol.

Inhibitory effects of hyperoside and quercitrin from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine formation by trapping phenylacetaldehyde

Abstract2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is one of the most abundant Heterocyclic amines (HAs) in meat products. Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf (ZML) extract has been shown to be rich in polyphenols, which are gaining increasing interest as efficient tools for inhibiting the formation of HAs. In the present work, the effects of ZML extract, major polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and quercitrin on the formation of PhIP in both roast beef patties and chemical model systems were investigated. UPLC-MS showed that ZML extract and those three polyphenols effectively inhibited PhIP formation. Additionally, GC-MS analysis showed that those three polyphenols significantly reduced the content of phenylacetaldehyde in the model systems, a key intermediate involved in PhIP formation. The subsequent UPLC-MS and TOF-MS/MS analysis found that hyperoside and quercitrin reacted with phenyacetaldehyde to form those four adducts, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin and 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin, respectively. The results revealed that hyperoside and quercitrin could trap phenylacetaldehyde to form adducts, thereby, retarding the reaction of phenylacetaldehyde and creatinine, blocking the generation of PhIP.