Analyzing the Economic Sustainability of Tourism Development: Evidence from Hong Kong

Despite increased concerns about the negative economic impacts of tourism on host communities, insufficient attention has been paid to assess tourism’s economic sustainability. This article aims to develop and validate a framework for assessing economic sustainability from the perspective of local stakeholders. In-depth interviews with 12 major stakeholders and telephone surveys with 1,839 Hong Kong citizens were conducted. The tourism economic sustainability construct consisted of three dimensions: economic positivity, development control, and individual welfare. The reliability and validity of the dimensions were confirmed by the data of subsamples. The links between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward tourism economic sustainability were evaluated. This article enhanced our understanding of tourism economic sustainability by expanding the measurement from the macro-level to the micro-level. Using the study setting in Hong Kong, it transcends previous analyses by providing a context to learn from ongoing controversies about the effects of tourism on the host communities.

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A Comparison on Business Negotiation Styles with Education

Information Management and Business Review ◽

10.22610/imbr.v4i6.986 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 317-331

Author(s):

Yu-Te Tu

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Online Survey ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Training And Education ◽

Public Companies ◽

Business Negotiation ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Language Strategies

Training and education is important in negotiation. For a trained negotiator, good results are the consequence of knowing when to follow to his/her instincts and when to employ negotiation theories or use a combination of them. As the economics within Greater China become more internally linked together, it becomes increasingly important to understand the nuances of each culture encompassed by this term. There is very little comparing the negotiation styles of Chinese who live in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China among themselves. To fill the gap, the present research focuses on negotiations style comparison by education among Chinese in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. The population was chosen from public companies listed under the stock markets. Data was collected using an online survey technique. SPSS was used to conduct data analyses, and a variety of statistical measures were used, including descriptive statistics and MANOVA, and coefficient alphas was reported for modified instruments in order to address reliability and validity of the instrument. The results indicated that three dimensions-intuitive, normative, and analytical-had a significant relationship affected by education among the three regions. The researcher suggests that the negotiators still need to be trained in body language, strategies, temper control, international manners, and customs. A better knowledge of negotiation should be helpful in understanding business and in realizing which negotiation styles are most appropriate for a particular country. The appropriate negotiation skills can bring more competitive advantages and benefits.

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Measuring Sustainable Marketing Orientation—Scale Development Process

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12051734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1734

Author(s):

Andrea Lučić

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Measurement Instrument ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Strategic Integration ◽

Marketing Orientation ◽

Sustainable Marketing ◽

Orientation Scale ◽

Depth Interviews

The purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainable marketing orientation (SMO) should be properly implemented in an organization built on the theoretical model of market-oriented sustainability. The aim of the paper is to explore and confirm the elements of sustainable marketing orientation and to develop a measurement tool with a mixed method approach. First, the construct was conceptualized through a literature review and qualitative research of in-depth interviews on a purposive sample of 20 experts, who generated items. The next stage included collection of data from 112 respondents that resulted the item purification and exploratory factor analysis, which confirmed the three dimensions of SMO: strategic integration, societal engagement and ethical capabilities. The main study consisted of 174 respondents and confirmed the measurement instrument, which contains three subscales proposed by the theoretical model, each containing six, five and four items, respectively, with high degrees of proven reliability and validity. The paper confirmed and further explored the framework of multidimensional SMO; the measurement tool captured the actual implementation of the construct in practice, allowing it to be investigated across industries.

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Adopting a mojo mindset: Training newspaper reporters in mobile journalism

Journalism ◽

10.1177/1464884921996284 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146488492199628

Author(s):

Anja Salzmann ◽

Frode Guribye ◽

Astrid Gynnild

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Publishing House ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Specific Training ◽

New Production ◽

Visual Storytelling ◽

Training Course ◽

News Organizations ◽

Depth Interviews

Due to the visual turn in journalism and the emergence of mobile journalism, many newspaper journalists have had to change the way they work and learn to use new tools. To face these changes, traditional news organizations apply different strategies to increase staff competencies in using new production tools and creating innovative content in new formats. In this paper, we investigate how a specific training arrangement was experienced by a group of 40 print editors and journalists in a German regional publishing house. The journalists were introduced to audio-visual storytelling and reporting with smartphones in a 2-week training course. The training arrangements were studied using participant observation and in-depth interviews, followed by a thematic analysis of the data. The study indicates that for print journalists and editors, the transition from the print to the mojo mindset depends on three dimensions: (i) mastering mojo skills, (ii) adopting visual thinking and (iii) integrating ethical and legal awareness.

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Transnational logic of gratitude: Marriage migrants’ narratives on marital satisfaction in South Korea

International Sociology ◽

10.1177/0268580921994692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026858092199469

Author(s):

Gowoon Jung

Keyword(s):

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Gender Ideology ◽

Marriage Migrants ◽

Sociology Of Emotion ◽

Micro Level ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Scholarship on marriage migrants has examined the impact of class and gender ideology of receiving countries on their marital satisfaction. However, little is known about the role of transnational background in explaining women’s feelings of gratitude for husbands. Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with marriage migrant women residing in the eastern side of Seoul, Korea, this article explores the micro-level cognitive processes in understanding women’s gratitude for their husbands. Categorizing marriage migrants into two groups, ‘gratified’ and ‘ungratified’ wives, the author demonstrates how the gratified wives’ feelings of contentment is mediated by their active comparison of Korean husbands with local men in their homelands, and how these viewpoints conversely affect their aspirations for return. Bringing the sociology of emotion into an explanation of marriage migrants’ marital satisfaction, this study aims to develop a transnational frame of reference as an underlying dynamic for comprehending marriage migrants’ (in)gratitude.

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The Benefits of Quantifying Qualitative Brand Data

International Journal of Market Research ◽

10.2501/ijmr-2015-053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 421-450

Author(s):

Kaleel Rahman ◽

Charles S. Areni

Keyword(s):

Brand Equity ◽

Knowledge Creation ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Free Association ◽

Serial Order ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Association Strength ◽

Brand Associations

Researchers suggest quantification of qualitative data as an innovative approach to knowledge creation. Brand associations, a form of qualitative data, are common in measuring customer-based brand equity. The branding literature suggests that not all brand associations are equal. The strength, uniqueness and valence of brand associations need to be considered when assessing brand associations (Keller 1993). Although Keller's work is cited by many, no study has devised a method to quantify and integrate these three dimensions into a single index. This study provides an approach to address all three dimensions simultaneously. The approach first determines uniqueness of brand associations by coding associations into several mutually exclusive meaning categories. Then the serial order of free-association elicitation is used to assess association strength. The serial order, combined with a measure of valence, creates a quantification of open-ended brand associations called a ‘weighted valence index’ (WVI). In conclusion, the paper discusses the reliability and validity of the proposed measure.

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Transforming people practices by re-structuring job engagement practices for generation z: An empirical study

International Journal of Organizational Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijoa-07-2020-2294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Deepika Pandita ◽

Amresh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Organizational Support ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Job Engagement ◽

Content Type ◽

Perceived Supervisor Support ◽

Engagement Strategies ◽

The Individual

Purpose This paper aims to develop the readers’ understanding of the transforming role of job engagement (JOB) drivers, specifically for Gen Z in information technology (IT) Companies across India. It measures the association of JOB and perceived organizational support (POS), perceived supervisor support (PSS) and co-worker relationship (COP) with a very special reference to Gen Z. Design/methodology/approach A total of 302 survey-based responses were collected. To test the conceptualized model of JOB, structural equation modeling was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the AMOS platform toward determining the reliability and validity of the individual constructs and the overall model. Findings All three dimensions, namely, POS, PSS and COP, are positively related to JOB. Out of the three, the most contributing extent in engaging Gen Z is PSS. Research limitations/implications A conceptual framework of Gen Z engagement drivers could help human resource (HR) researchers fine-tune Gen Z employees’ retention strategy. The paper shows that it is not about pandering to them but about eliminating blocks so that Gen Z can deliver the future business. Practical implications The outcomes may aid establishments and policymakers in advancing and improving HRs policies in engaging Gen Z, who have started entering the organizations. Originality/value JOB practices can add to the determinations of the HRs processes in the IT start-ups organizations in dealing with Gen Z. This research reconnoiters the drivers of engagement strategies directly impacting JOB Gen Z.

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‘Spiritual Risk’: A Parental Perception of Risk for Children in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Community

The British Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1093/bjsw/bcy092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1198-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yochay Nadan ◽

Netanel Gemara ◽

Rivka Keesing ◽

Esther Bamberger ◽

Dorit Roer-Strier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Protection ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Orthodox Jewish ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Parental Perception ◽

Spiritual Beliefs ◽

The Usa ◽

Parental Maltreatment ◽

Depth Interviews

AbstractThis article addresses child protection in close-knit religious communities. Specifically, it presents the findings of a qualitative research project that examined Ultra-Orthodox Jewish parents’ perceptions and ascribed meanings of child risk and protection based on fifty in-depth interviews with parents from Israel and the USA. Here, we hone in on one key theme that emerged from our analysis of the interviews, which the interviewees themselves referred to as ‘spiritual risk’. ‘Spiritual risk’ is a complex construct comprising the following three interrelated dimensions: (i) a decline in observance of the Torah and the commandments, (ii) violation of socio-cultural norms and rules and (iii) a decline in spiritual beliefs, including the sense of connection with G-d. In the eyes of parents, it is decline in these three dimensions that constitutes the ‘spiritual risk’ to the child. ‘Spiritual risk’ can be a consequence of parental maltreatment and can result in children and adolescents moving away from the Ultra-Orthodox religious world and leaving their community. The results of this study advocate context-informed and religious-sensitive prevention and intervention programmes. They also highlight the need to include context and religious competency in the training of professionals working with diverse communities.

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Hong Kong and Shanghai: current and/or future international financial centres?

Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies ◽

10.1108/jcefts-07-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 183-193

Author(s):

John Adams ◽

Andrew YC Wong

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Success Factors ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Financial Centre ◽

Future Success ◽

The Future ◽

Future Policy ◽

First Time

Purpose – This paper publishes summary results for the first time of a major survey of senior financial practitioners undertaken in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 2005, and compares these with the Global Financial Centre Index first created in 2007 to determine the extent to which both are consistent. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a detailed survey and utilizes principal-components analysis to determine the primary factors relevant to the development of both cities as international financial centres (IFCs) and those which the respondents consider will be relevant in the future. Findings – The paper demonstrates that the key “success factors” for both cities in 2005 remain very important in the global financial centres index (GFCI) analysis ten years later but not necessarily by the same ranking. We also found that a number of the “primary” factors change when respondents are asked to consider future success factors. Research limitations/implications – The survey was conducted ten years ago; however, the results continue to have significant reliability and validity - especially when compared with the results of the GFCI report of 2014. Practical implications – The paper should enable policy makers and practitioners to better understand the future policy environment needed for extending the financial centre status of both Hong Kong and Shanghai. Originality/value – This is the first time (some) of the survey findings that have ever been published, and they represent a rich source of information – however, the authors will be examining the survey data for future publications.

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Social Inequality among the Female Merchants of Ethnic Malay and Chinese

Society ◽

10.33019/society.v8i1.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Eraskaita Ginting ◽

Yusnaini Yusnaini

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Literature Study ◽

Chinese Market ◽

Study Approach ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The City ◽

Depth Interviews

People in Jambi city assume that Pasar Hong Kong, a traditional market located in Jelutung sub-district, is “a Chinese market”, even some areas in the city of Jambi such as Jelutung, Koni, and Talang Banjar are dominated by the ethnic of Chinese. This research aims to explore how social inequality that occurs due to the advantages and disadvantages of an ethnic group so that it can affect individual attitudes that damage social capital. This research uses a case study approach with in-depth interviews and literature study as data collection techniques. The subjects of this study were ethnic Malay and Chinese female merchants in Pasar Hong Kong, Jambi city, Indonesia. This research found that social inequalities that occur among the female merchants of ethnic Malay and Chinese in Pasar Hongkong occur naturally, where both merchants and buyers have a high tolerance when interacting. Although sometimes there are differences in attitude when the merchants serve different ethnic buyers. The involvement of traditional leaders in managing social inequalities is very important due to the lack of assimilation among ethnic Malay and Chinese.

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Negotiation Style Comparisons by Gender among Greater China

Journal of Education and Vocational Research ◽

10.22610/jsds.v3i4.694 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 123-134

Author(s):

Yu-Te Tu

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mainland China ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Public Companies ◽

Greater China ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Negotiation Style ◽

Language Strategies

As the economics within Greater China become more internally linked together, it becomes increasingly important to understand the nuances of each culture encompassed by this term. There is very little comparing the negotiation styles of Chinese who live in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China among themselves. To fill the gap, the present research focuses on negotiations style comparison by gender among Chinese in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China. The population was chosen from public companies listed under the stock markets. Data was collected using an online survey technique. SPSS was used to conduct data analyses, and a variety of statistical measures were used, including descriptive statistics and MANOVA, and coefficient alphas was reported for modified instruments in order to address reliability and validity of the instrument. The study found that only the factual negotiation style showed a significant relationship with gender among the three regions. The researcher suggests that the negotiators still need to be trained in body language, strategies, temper control, international manners, and customs. A better knowledge of negotiation should be helpful in understanding business and in realizing which negotiation styles are most appropriate for a particular country. The appropriate negotiation skills can bring more competitive advantages and benefits.

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