Understanding Police Recruits’ Attitudes Toward Public Interactions: An Australian Example

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise E. Porter ◽  
Geoffrey P. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Code Of Silence ◽  
Police Attitudes ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Recent events, particularly in the United States, have highlighted strained police-citizen relations and the importance of citizens viewing police as legitimate and trustworthy. Perceptions of unreasonable police officer conduct, particularly related to demeanor and physical force, are often at the center of public complaints. The present study used survey data to explore the attitudes of 577 Australian police recruits regarding behaving disrespectfully toward, and using force against, citizens. Over all, recruits’ attitudes were positive, likely reflecting present screening processes. However, some variation was evident and predicted by selected police culture dimensions, including cynicism and police authority, as well as officer characteristics and background factors. Further, attitudes more supportive of disrespect and force were, in turn, predictive of the code of silence for such behavior, measured through hypothetical unwillingness to report colleagues’ behavior. The implications for understanding police attitudes are discussed, as well as attempts to reduce negative attitudes and behavior.

The Effects of Unfulfilled Preferential Treatment and Review Dispersion on Airbnb Guests’ Attitudes and Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110669
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Zheng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Nathan Line ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dispersion Condition ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Low Dispersion

In sharing accommodation business such as Airbnb, while the provision of personalized amenities and services may seem like good business, hosts should be aware of the potential unintended consequences when they are not able to deliver what they promise. The present research examines how expectation gaps created by guest reviews interact with different types of preferential services to subsequently affect consumer behavior in the peer-to-peer accommodation economy. Grounded in attribution theory, this study offers new insights on customer responses to unfulfilled preferential treatment. The results suggest that in the condition of utilitarian services (e.g., airport transportation), participants in the low dispersion condition exhibited more negative attitudes, a lower level of repurchase intention, and a decreased willingness to write an online review. Conversely, in the condition of hedonic services (e.g., perform a talent show), expectation discrepancy did not result in different consumer evaluations across the dispersion conditions.

Attitudes Toward Driving Safety and Their Modification

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This paper reviews and discusses the measurement of attitudes toward traffic safety and the attempts to change these attitudes and related driving behavior. Psychological testing of such attitudes and personality characteristics is fairly well developed and there are some instruments of good reliability and useable validity. Efforts to modify driver attitudes and behavior are inconclusive and only mildly encouraging. Considerable research needs to be done before the attitudes and behavior of drivers can be changed to improve traffic safety in the United States.

Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-531
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Esses
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, and the consequences of these negative attitudes and behavior, are key determinants of the economic, sociocultural, and civic-political future of receiving societies and of the individuals who seek to make these societies their new home. In this article I review and organize the existing literature on the determinants and nature of prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, summarizing what we know to date and the challenges in attributing effects to immigrant status per se. I also discuss the consequences of discrimination against immigrants for immigrants themselves, their families, and the societies in which they settle. I conclude by presenting key research questions and topics in this domain that should be at the top of the research agenda for those interested in intergroup relations in this age of mass migration.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Sikap Manusia Terhadap Isu Lingkungan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ashary Alam ◽  
Muhammad Ardi ◽  
Ahmad Rifqi Asrib
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Environmental Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Environmental issues are problems that arise from the results of greedy human activities in exploiting nature. Many environmental issues have made humans vulnerable to disasters. The utilization of energy resources carried out by humans today results in air pollution, the greenhouse effect, and global warming. The environment becomes degraded due to human activation, a degraded environment will only have a negative impact on human life. This article discusses human knowledge and attitudes towards environmental issues. Environmental knowledge is general knowledge about facts, concepts, or relationships related to the surrounding environment and its ecosystem. Every human being has different environmental knowledge because it is influenced by factors of education, experience, information, the area of residence. Knowledge of the environment that humans have will support their environmental attitudes and behavior. Every environmental issue that occurs will bring up two kinds of attitudes in the community, namely positive and negative attitudes. Every attitude possessed by humans will determine what steps they will choose in facing environmental issues, such as turning off lights, turning off electronic equipment, choosing vehicles with minimal emissions.

Looking in and looking out: Effects of (in)congruent corporate social responsibility on organizational cynicism

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Fuxi Wang ◽  
Liqian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Internal Stakeholders ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts targeting both internal stakeholders (i.e., employees) and external stakeholders (i.e., environment, community, consumers) can mitigate employees' negative attitudes and behavior. However, the effects of (in)congruence between internal CSR (ICSR) and external CSR (ECSR) perceptions have not yet been examined. We used social comparison theory to investigate the joint effects of ICSR and ECSR perceptions on organizational cynicism, by conducting a polynomial regression analysis of 342 employees with data from a two-wave survey. The results show that employees experienced higher cynicism when ICSR and ECSR perceptions were incongruent, with high ECSR–low ICSR causing greater cynicism. Thus, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between congruent CSR perceptions and organizational cynicism. Our findings have implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals Stepping Outside the Self Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxuan Hou ◽  
Emine Sarigöllü ◽  
Myung-Soo Jo ◽  
Dapeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Perspective Theory ◽  
Environmental Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Although different self-perspectives can prompt different mindsets, leading to different responses, little is known about how self-perspective impacts pro-environmental behaviors. This study explores the effect of self-perspective, i.e., either self-immersed or self-distanced perspective, on environmental attitudes and behavior. Based on an online survey of 409 respondents in the United States, we find that pro-environmental behaviors are perceived as more important and less costly from a self-distanced perspective, compared to a self-immersed one, which in turn facilitates more engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. Furthermore, a self-distanced perspective is more prevalent than a self-immersed perspective when individuals are less satisfied with and perceive less control over their pro-environmental behaviors. This study extends the self-perspective theory to research on pro-environmental behaviors, and offers useful implications for individuals to address conflicts between environmental and self-interested considerations, as well as for public policy makers and practitioners to promote more engagement in pro-environmental behaviors.

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