scholarly journals Measurement of Reaction Time in the Home for People With Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Cole ◽  
Mark Mennemeier ◽  
James E. Bost ◽  
Laura Smith-Olinde ◽  
Diane Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Reaction Time Measurement ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Background: Cognitive decline is the cardinal symptom of dementia. Accurate measurement of changes in cognition, while essential for testing interventions to slow cognitive decline, can be challenging in people with dementia (PWD). For example, the laboratory environment may cause anxiety and negatively affect performance. Material and Method: In healthy people, researchers measure one aspect of cognition, attention, via assessing reaction times in a laboratory environment. This repeated-measures study investigated the feasibility of reaction time measurement in participants' homes using the computerized psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) for PWD. Research questions were (a) Can laboratory controls be replicated in the home? (b) Where do PWD perform PVT trials optimally? and (c) What are the preferences of PWD and their caregivers? Two groups that differed by sequence of testing location completed 12 reaction time assessments over 2 days. Caregiver and person with dementia dyad preferences were examined in a follow-up phone interview. Results: Complete data were collected from 14 dyads. Although there were slight differences in lighting between settings, the time of day, temperature, and sound did not differ. There were no significant differences in PVT performance between the two locations, but the group who tested in the home on Day 1 performed better than the group who tested in the lab on Day 1. All participants preferred home examination. Discussion: It is feasible to measure reaction times in the home. Home testing contributes to optimal performance and participants preferred the home.

Agreement between the 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) Embedded in a Wrist-worn Device and the Laptop-based PVT

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Nita Lewis Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

The study assesses the agreement between the 3-minute version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 2 to 10 seconds and the validated 3-minute laptop-based PVT (ISI=1-4 seconds). The experiment utilized a randomized, within-subject, repeated-measures design with three factors (PVT device type, the backlight feature of the wrist-worn device, ambient lighting). Results show the differences in reaction times (RT) between devices are incrementally associated with the magnitude of the RTs. These differences tend to be in opposing directions when the backlight feature in the wrist-worn device is on. That is, RTs in the wrist-worn device tend to be faster compared to the laptop for (on average) faster individuals, whereas (on average) slower individuals tend to do better in the laptop compared to the wrist-worn device. The proportional bias introduced by the wrist-worn device compared to the laptop makes it difficult to translate individual RTs between different devices. The proportional bias, however, may work in favor for detecting differences between slow and fast RTs.

scholarly journals The 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) Embedded in a Wrist-worn Device: Time of Day Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Nita Lewis Shattuck ◽  
Katherine Mortimore ◽  
Christopher Paghasian ◽  
Frances Greene
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Data Collection Session ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

The study assesses the utility of the 3-minute version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) embedded in a wrist-worn device (interstimulus interval – ISI =1 - 4 seconds) to detect changes in performance between a morning and an afternoon data collection session. The experiment utilized a randomized, within-subject, repeated-measures design with two factors, device type (wrist-worn PVT, laptop PVT, Go/No-Go task) and time of day (morning, afternoon). Results showed that performance in both the wrist-worn 3-minute PVT (ISI = 1 – 4 seconds) and the 5-minute Go/No-Go task (180 trials, 80% Go/20% No Go; ISI = 0.5 – 1.0 seconds) differed between the morning and the afternoon sessions but not the laptop-based PVT. We discuss these findings under the light of the differences in task characteristics between the wrist-worn and the laptop PVT

Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10084-10084
Author(s):  
Omar Farooq Khan ◽  
Ellen R. Cusano ◽  
Soundouss Raissouni ◽  
Mica Pabia ◽  
Johanna Haeseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Prior Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

10084 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were completed on a tablet computer pre-chemotherapy and immediately post-chemotherapy. Paired Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to assess change in median PVT reaction time, TMT completion time, TMT errors and PVT lapses. A priori, an increase in median PVT reaction times by over 20 ms (approximating reaction time changes with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.04 to 0.05 g%) was considered a clinically relevant change. Results: 144 patients (74 breast, 70 colorectal, median age 55.5 years) were tested. Post-chemotherapy, median PVT reaction time slowed by an average of 12.4 ms ( p = 0.01). Post-chemotherapy median PVT times slowed by over 20 ms in 59 patients (40.9%). TMT completion post-chemotherapy was faster by an average of 6.1 seconds ( p < 0.001). No differences were seen in TMT errors ( p = 0.417) or PVT lapses ( p = 0.845). Change in median PVT reaction time was not associated with age, gender, number of prior chemotherapy cycles, peripheral neuropathy grade, self-reported symptoms (anxiety, fatigue or depression). Change in median PVT reaction time was also not significantly associated with use of any specific chemotherapeutic drug or class, including paclitaxel (which includes ethanol as an excipient). Conclusions: Median PVT reaction time was significantly slower immediately after chemotherapy compared to a pre-chemotherapy baseline, and impairment correlating to effects of alcohol was seen in 41% of patients. This effect appears independent of age, self-reported symptoms or prior chemotherapy cycles. Further studies assessing functional impact of immediate-term CRCI are warranted.

Hand-Held and Wrist-Worn Field-Based PVT Devices vs. the Standardized Laptop PVT

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Nita Lewis Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

BACKGROUND: Given the challenges of collecting reliable Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) data in the field, this study compared a 3-min PVT on a hand-held device and wrist-worn device vs. a standardized laptop.METHODS: The experiment utilized a randomized, repeated-measures design. Subjects (N = 36) performed the PVT on a touch-screen, hand-held device (HHD), a wrist-worn device (WWD), and a standardized laptop (L). Sleep was assessed using wrist-worn actigraphy.RESULTS: Compared to the L, the HHD was slower on average (∼50% longer reaction times; ∼34% slower response speeds; ∼600% more lapses in attention combined with false starts) and introduced a proportional bias that decreased the range of response speeds by 60%. Compared to the L, the WWD with the backlight on was faster on average (reaction time: ∼6%; response speed: ∼13%), but equivalent in lapses combined with false starts, and introduced a proportional bias that increased the range of responses by 60%.DISCUSSION: Compared to the L PVT, using a hand-held, touch screen interface to collect PVT data may introduce a large constant bias and a proportional bias that decreases the range of response speed. However, performance on the WWD closely mirrors performance on the L PVT and the proportional bias tends to be in favor of detecting individuals with slower responses. Researchers should avoid comparing PVT metrics between different device types. Reliability of PVT data from a WWD or HHD may be degraded when used in an operational setting with unpredictable environmental movement (such as a surface maritime setting).Matsangas P, Shattuck NL. Hand-held and wrist-worn field-based PVT devices vs. the standardized laptop PVT. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(5):409–415.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Reactive Agility Test for Youth Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lima ◽  
Markel Rico-González ◽  
Joel Pereira ◽  
Francisco Caleiro ◽  
Filipe Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coordination Test ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination

Abstract Introduction. This was a cross-sectional study aiming to test the reliability of a new reactive agility test designed for youth volleyball players to improve both reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Material and methods. Twenty-four youth volleyball athletes (15 girls and 9 boys) were recruited to participate in this study (age: 11.58 ± 2.20 years old). This study used a FitLight Trainer (FITLIGHT Sport Corp., Ontario, Canada), a wireless system using interconnected light-powered sensors, to measure reaction time and hand-eye coordination. The subjects performed the hand-eye coordination test twice, exactly one week apart, for 30 seconds, with three trials performed for each test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the variation of the six trials performed during the two sessions. Results. The analysis comparing the sessions revealed significantly longer reaction time in session 1 than in session 2 (mean difference: 47.85 [95% CI: 10.86 to 84.84]; p < 0.012; ES = 0.128). Across the different trials, the greatest single ICC measure (ICC = 0.645) and average ICC measure (ICC = 0.784) were achieved in trial 3. Across the sessions, the greatest single ICC measure (ICC = 0.951) and average ICC measure (ICC = 0.863) were achieved in session 2. Conclusions. FitLight Trainer is a valid and reliable tool for developing reaction times of youth volleyball athletes.

scholarly journals Assessing Aggressiveness via Reaction Times Online

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Bluemke ◽  
Joerg Zumbach
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Reaction Time Measurement

Aggressive tendencies can be assessed either commonly by explicit measures (self-report questionnaires), or by implicit measures that require the speeded classification of quickly presented stimuli and the recording and analysis of the reaction-times. We explored the psychometric properties of implicit measures assessing aggressiveness objectively: the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and its derivate, the Single-Target IAT. While the IAT focused on the automatic attitude towards aggressiveness, the ST-IAT focused on the self-concept. This feasibility study describes in methodological detail how a diversity of game players can be recruited to take these measures with common web-browser technology, even though reaction-time measurement in the range of a few hundred milliseconds is at stake. Self-reported and objective characteristics of users of violent, less violent, and no games differed. The results are partly in line with what can be expected on the basis of psychological theorizing, but structural-equation modelling shows that implicit measures on attitudes and self-concept differ in quality. Pitfalls and challenges for internet studies on computer players involving reaction-time measures are pointed out.

scholarly journals Improvement of Early Recognition of Attacks in Karate Kumite Due to Training in Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Petri ◽  
Nicole Bandow ◽  
Steffen Masik ◽  
Kerstin Witte
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virtual Reality Training ◽  
Karate Athletes

In a Virtual Reality training, young karate athletes divided in two groups (intervention vs. control group) responded to attacks of a virtual opponent. For the analysis, the first reaction of the responding karate athletes was detected. From that point three reaction times were subtracted to analyze the attack of the virtual opponent at the time of the recognition of the real athlete. The attacks were divided into four movement stages. Analysis of Variance (ANOVAs) with repeated measures and estimation of effect sizes as well as Bonferroni post-hoc tests were applied to calculate interactions between time (PRE to POST), group (intervention vs. control) and reaction time (150 ms vs. 255 ms vs. 370 ms). We found significant effects for time and time x group interactions for the attacks Gyaku-Zuki and Kizami-Zuki as well as an effect for time x reaction time in Gyaku-Zuki (all p < 0.001), but no significant effects for time x group x reaction time in both attacks (p > 0.05). Paired t-tests showed significant improvements in attack recognition from PRE to POST for the intervention group, but not for the control group. At the pretest all athletes responded to late movement stages (extension of the pushing arm) while the intervention group responded to early movement stages (preparing steps and reduction of distance before the attack) at the posttest due to the Virtual Reality training. Early steps for the preparation of the attack and the reduction of distance seem to be important signals for attack recognition.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of High-intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
John Paul V. Anders ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Robert U. Newton ◽  
Emily M. Post ◽  
Lydia K. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise on measures of cognitive function. Ten men (Mean ± SD: age = 24.4 ± 3.2 yrs; body mass = 85.7 ± 11.8 kg; height = 1.78 ± 0.08 m; 1 repetition maximum (1RM) = 139.0 ± 24.1 kg) gave informed consent and performed a high-intensity 6 sets of 10 repetitions of barbell back squat exercise at 80% 1RM with 2 minutes rest between sets. The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was completed to assess various cognitive domains during the familiarization period, immediately before, and immediately after the high-intensity resistance exercise bout. The repeated measures ANOVAs for throughput scores (r·m-1) demonstrated significant mean differences for the Mathematical Processing task (MTH; p < 0.001, η2p = 0.625) where post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that the post-fatigue throughput (32.0 ± 8.8 r·m-1) was significantly greater than the pre-fatigue (23.8 ± 7.4 r·m-1, p = 0.003, d = 1.01) and the familiarization throughput (26.4 ± 5.3 r·m-1, p = 0.024, d = 0.77). The Coded Substitution-Delay task also demonstrated significant mean differences (CDD; p = 0.027, η2p = 0.394) with post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrating that the post-fatigue throughput (49.3 ± 14.4 r·m-1) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue throughput (63.2 ± 9.6 r·m-1, p = 0.011, d = 1.14). The repeated measures ANOVAs for reaction time (ms) demonstrated significant mean differences for MTH (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.624) where post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that the post-fatigue reaction time (1885.2 ± 582.8 ms) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue (2518.2 ± 884.8 ms, p = 0.005, d = 0.85) and familiarization (2253.7 ± 567.6 ms, p = 0.009, d = 0.64) reaction times. The Go/No-Go task demonstrated significant mean differences (GNG; p = 0.031, η2p = 0.320) with post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrating that the post-fatigue (285.9 ± 16.3 ms) was significantly less than the pre-fatigue (298.5 ± 12.1 ms, p = 0.006, d = 0.88) reaction times. High-intensity resistance exercise may elicit domain-specific influences on cognitive function, characterized by the facilitation of simple cognitive tasks and impairments of complex cognitive tasks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Psychomotor Vigilance Task for Touch Screen Devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Arsintescu ◽  
Jeffrey B. Mulligan ◽  
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Touch Response ◽  
Touch Screen Devices ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

Objective: Our goals were to compare three techniques for performing a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) on a touch screen device (fifth-generation iPod) and to determine the device latency. Background: The PVT is a reaction-time test that is sensitive to sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Several PVT tests have been developed for touch screen devices, but unlike the standard PVT developed for laboratory use, these tests allow for touch responses to be recorded at any location on the device, with contact from any finger. In addition, touch screen devices exhibit latency in processing time between the touch response and the time registered by the device. Method: Thirteen participants completed a 5-min PVT on a touch screen device held in three positions (on a table with index finger, handheld portrait with index finger, handheld landscape with thumb). We compared reaction-time outcomes in each orientation condition using paired t tests. We recorded the first session using a high-speed video camera to determine the latency between the touch response and the documented response time. Results: The participants had significantly faster reaction times in the landscape-oriented position using the thumb, compared with the portrait-oriented position using the index ( M = 224.13 and M = 244.26, p = .045). Using data from 1,241 unique touch events, we found a mean device latency of 68.53 ms that varied highly between individuals. Conclusion: Device orientation and device latency should be considered when using a touch screen version of a PVT. Application: Our findings apply to researchers administering touch screen versions of the PVT.

Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
Omar Farooq Khan ◽  
Ellen R. Cusano ◽  
Soundouss Raissouni ◽  
Mica Pabia ◽  
Johanna Haeseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Prior Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

146 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were completed on a tablet computer pre-chemotherapy and immediately post-chemotherapy. Paired Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to assess changes in median PVT reaction time, TMT completion time, TMT errors and PVT lapses. A priori, increases of 20 ms or over in median PVT reaction times (approximating reaction time changes with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.04 to 0.05 g%) were considered clinically relevant. Results: 144 patients (74 breast, 70 colorectal, median age 55.5 years) were tested. Post-chemotherapy, median PVT reaction time slowed by an average of 12.4 ms (p = 0.01). Post-chemotherapy median PVT times slowed by over 20 ms in 59 patients (40.9%). TMT completion post-chemotherapy was faster by an average of 6.1 seconds (p < 0.001). No differences were seen in TMT errors (p = 0.417) or PVT lapses (p = 0.845). Change in median PVT reaction time was not associated with age, gender, number of prior chemotherapy cycles, use of paclitaxel (which contains alcohol), peripheral neuropathy grade, or self-reported anxiety, fatigue or depression. Conclusions: Median PVT reaction time was significantly slower immediately after chemotherapy compared to a pre-chemotherapy baseline, and impairment correlating to effects of alcohol was seen in 41% of patients. This effect appears independent of age, self-reported symptoms or prior chemotherapy cycles. Further studies assessing the functional implications of immediate-term CRCI are warranted.

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