Is keratoconus associated to thyroid diseases? Assessment of the corneal parameters in patients with congenital hypothyroidism

Purpose: To investigate the association between keratoconus and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Patients and methods: Patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised 31 subjects (11M:20F) with the mean age of 15.2 ± 3.9 years. affected by CH, and the control group was composed by 19 healthy individuals (8M:11F) aged 14.3 ± 4.6 years. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination with visual acuity assessment, refraction, slit lamp examination, and retinoscopy. Corneal parameters were measured using Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® Oculus, Germany). The main outcome measures considered for evaluation were: average corneal curvature (K), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior elevation and posterior elevation at the thinnest point, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Additionally, data from Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) and the high order aberrations were evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the Gaussian distribution, the comparison between the controls and cases group was performed by Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The odds ratio was performed in order to quantify the relationship between the congenital hypothyroidism and abnormal values displayed on front BAD. Results: The significant difference in the refractive status between both groups was observed. As to examined corneal and anterior chamber parameters no statistical differences were detected. Conclusions: Congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed and treated since the early postnatal life doesn’t induce abnormalities of corneal parameters suggestive for keratoconus.

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Evaluation of Anterior Segment’s Structures in Tilted Disc Syndrome

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/5185207 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ercan Ozsoy ◽

Abuzer Gunduz ◽

Ersin Ersan Demirel ◽

Tongabay Cumurcu

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Control Group ◽

Tilted Disc Syndrome ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tilted Disc

Purpose. To evaluate anterior segment’s structures by Pentacam in patients with tilted disc syndrome (TDS).Methods. Group 1 included forty-six eyes of forty-six patients who have the TDS. Group 2 including forty-six eyes of forty-six cases was the control group which was equal to the study group in age, gender, and refraction. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed in both groups. All cases were evaluated by Pentacam. The axial length (AL) of eyes was measured by ultrasound. Quantitative data obtained from these measurements were compared between two groups.Results. There was no statistically significant difference for age, gender, axial length, and spherical equivalent measurements between two groups (p=0.625,p=0.830,p=0.234, andp=0.850). There was a statistically significant difference for central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil size measurements between two groups (p=0.001,p=0.0001,p=0.003, andp=0.001). Also, there was no statistically significant difference for anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and lens thickness (LT) measurements between two groups (p=0.130,p=0.910, andp=0.057).Conclusion. We determined that CCT was thinner, CV was less, and ACA was narrower in patients with TDS. There are some changes in the anterior segment of the eyes with tilted disc.

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Comparison of Anterior Chamber Parameters between Normal and Keratoconus Eyes using Scheimpflug Photography

International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1130 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Nagla Hassan Ali ◽

Mohammed Othman AbdElKhalek ◽

Hanan Elghoneimy

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Control Group ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Scheimpflug Photography ◽

Scheimpflug Camera ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Group I

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate anterior chamber indices including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) with the progression of keratoconus using a rotating Scheimpflug camera to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in discriminating keratoconus from normal eyes. Materials and methods After full ophthalmological examination in the Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Research, the patients are divided into two groups: Group I consisting of 50 eyes of normal control. Group II consists of 50 eyes of moderate keratoconus. All the subjects were evaluated with a Pentacam Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Keratoconic eyes were evaluated by vertical asymmetry (VI), keratoconus index (KI), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) with front elevation at thinnest location (F.Ele.Th) and back elevation at thinnest location (B.Ele.Th) and then divided into three groups according to mean keratometer (K) readings: Mild (K = less than 47.0 D), moderate (K = 47.0 to 52.0 D), and severe (K = 52.0 D or higher), and ACD and ACV were obtained after exclusion of mild and severe cases. Results With the progression of the disease, there was statistically significant differences in ACD and ACV measurements between the normal and moderate keratoconus eyes with progressive increase in the ACD and ACV with disease progression. Conclusion Anterior chamber parameters including depth and volume showed significant increase with moderate keratoconus than control. How to cite this article Ali NH, AbdElKhalek MO, El Ghonemy HM. Comparison of Anterior Chamber Parameters between Normal and Keratoconus Eyes using Scheimpflug Photography. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(3):105-108.

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Quantifying Contact Lens-Related Changes in Keratoconic Corneal Topographic Indices: An Updated Pentacam Scheimpflug Imaging Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-585849/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Murat Kaşıkçı ◽

Aylin Karalezli ◽

ÖZGÜR EROĞUL ◽

Hamidu Hamisi Gobeka

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Contact Lens ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Control Group ◽

Imaging Device ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Scheimpflug Imaging ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract PurposeSlowing ectasia progression is critical for maintaining visual potential in keratoconus (KC), for which various therapeutic approaches have been implemented. We used a Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging device to quantify contact lens (CL)-related changes in keratoconic corneal topographic indices.MethodsThirty KC patients (group 1; 60 eyes) were using one of the three CL (rigid gas-permeable CL (RGPCL)-10; hybrid CL (HCL)-10; and scleral CL (SCL)-10 patients). A control group included 30 KC patients (group 2; 60 eyes) not using CLs due to intolerance or inappropriateness. The Pentacam® HR Scheimpflug imaging device was used to measure topographical indices such as Km anterior, Km posterior, K max, corneal thickness (CT; corneal central, apex, and thinnest), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.ResultsMean ages for groups 1 and 2 were 32 ± 10 and 31 ± 90 years, respectively. Group 1 had lower but statistically significant change in K max than group 2 (p < 0.038). Also, group 1 had a minor but non-significant decrease in anterior and posterior keratometry values compared to group 2 (pKm ant. right/left eye = 0.063/0.065 and 0.087/0.094, respectively). RGPCL users had significant changes in central CT, thinnest CT and ACD (p < 0.041). SCL users had more stable changes than other CLs for the thinnest CT along with significant changes in K max, pachy apex and ACV (p < 0.036). HCL users had significantly higher K max stability (p < 0.039).ConclusionRegular use of appropriate therapeutic CLs may help to stabilize corneal deformity, thereby slowing changes in corneal topographic indices in KC.

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Short-Term Effects of Two Types of Goggles On Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Eye Segment Biometrics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1069603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Zhang ◽

Huixian Wang ◽

Yuan Nie ◽

Wenjing Li

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Eye Segment

Abstract Background: To evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics,during and after wearing two types of commonly used swimming goggles.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 40 healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years old were selected to wear two kinds of common swimming goggles (ocular socket and orbital goggles). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 minutes of wearing, and at 5 minutes after removing the goggles. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured.Results: The IOP at 2 minutes (21.0±2.2 mmHg) and 5 minutes (21.2±2.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than before wearing goggles (17.7± 2.1 mmHg). The IOP after the goggles were removed and at 5 minutes after the goggles were removed was 18.4±2.3 mmHg and 17.7±2.1 mmHg, respectively. ACV, ACD, and ACA values all decreased while the googles were worn. After the goggles were removed, these changes gradually returned to baseline values, with no significant difference in the values before and after.Conclusion: This study proves that wearing orbital goggles can lead to an acute increase in IOP and a slight decrease in ACV, ACD, and ACA. However, once the goggles are removed, these indicators return to baseline levels, showing that wearing orbital goggles has no significant lasting effect on IOP and anterior segment parameters.

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Early Post-Operative Effect of Phacoemulsification on Anterior Chamber Depth and Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Cataract

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i2.1176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mashal Tayyab ◽

Awaid Abid

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Pressure Change ◽

P Value ◽

Iol Implantation ◽

Intra Ocular Pressure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ocular Pressure ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To determine the Anterior Chamber depth and Intraocular pressure change following uncomplicated phacoemulsification. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Layyton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Free Eye and Cancer Hospital, Lahore from 16/12/2017 to 15/06/2018. Methods: One hundred and thirty nine patients who came to Layyton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Free Eye for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were included in the study. Anterior Chamber depth was measured with IOL Master and intraocular pressure was determined using Goldmann Applanation Tonometer one day before and one month after surgery. Data was recorded on a self-designed proforma. Comparison between pre- and post-operative data with respect to change was analyzed by chi-square test. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean intra-ocular pressure dropped from 14.36 ± 4.19 mmHg to 12.14 ± 4.26 mmHg 1 month after surgery with a mean drop of 2.21 ± 0.65 mmHg while the mean anterior chamber depth increased from 2.31 ± 0.08 mm to 3.59 ± 0.37 mm with a mean increase of 1.29 ± 0.36 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean change of intra-ocular pressure and anterior chamber depth across various subgroups based on patient’s age, gender and duration of cataract. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation not only improves the visual acuity by removing the cataract but also deepens the anterior chamber and decreases intra-ocular pressure, which can have a beneficial effect in glaucoma patients. Key Words: Phacoemulsification, Cataract, Intraocular pressure, Lens, Anterior chamber depth.

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Comparison of Axial Ocular Measurements with Contact and Non-contact Biometry

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v36i1.922 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Suhail Sarwar ◽

Muhammad Awais Afzal ◽

Imran Khalid ◽

Sehrish Shahid

Keyword(s):

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Kappa Test ◽

Parametric Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Graphical Presentation

Purpose: To compare between non-contact and contact biometry for measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL). Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June 2018 to December 2018. Material and Methods: Eighty-four subjects, (168 non-pathological eyes) visiting the eye outpatients department were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Patients with high refractive errors and suffering from any ocular pathology were excluded from the study. CCT, ACD, LT and AL were measured with non-contact Biometer (HAAG Streit) followed by Contact Biometer (Ultrasound) after taking consent from the patient. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-21 and Medcalc software. Normality of quantitative data was checked with Shapiro Wilk test. Independent sample t test was used for parametric variable and Mann Whitney-U test was used for non-parametric data. For the agreement between two techniques Cohen’s Kappa test used and Bland-Altman plot was drawn for graphical presentation. P-value equal or less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean age of 84 subject (female: 45.24% and male: 54.76%) was 53.05 ± 13.56 years. The AL was significantly longer for the non-contact measurement with the difference of 0.53 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact pachymetry was significantly higher with the difference of 8.67 ± 20.83 µm (p = 0.046). ACD was significantly deeper for non-contact measurements with the difference of 0.51 ± 0.32 mm (p < 0.001). Contact ultrasound A-scan measured LT significantly thicker with the difference of 0.59 ± 0.56 mm (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is significant difference of axial ocular measurements (CCT, ACD, LT and AL) between contact (ultrasound A-scan) and non-contact (HAAG Streit) biometry (p < 0.05).

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Evaluation of Ocular Anterior Chamber Depth and Body Mass Index in Normal Blacks in a Nigerian City

Ophthalmology Research An International Journal ◽

10.9734/or/2019/v11i130116 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

I. N. Aprioku ◽

C. S. Ejimadu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Population ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Angle Closure ◽

P Value ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lens Power

Aim: To evaluate ocular anterior chamber depth (ACD) and body mass index (BMI) in a normal population in Port Harcourt City Local Government Area (LGA), with a view to determine formulae in estimating intraocular lens power for cataract surgeries and possible association with angle closure glaucoma and other ocular pathological conditions. Methods: This is a multi-stage study with inclusion criteria of Visual Acuity > 6/18, age greater than 18 years with no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Data obtained through a structured proforma included age, sex, tribe, occupation and level of education. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Comprehensive ocular examination done and Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects participated in the study made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2. The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years. Findings revealed mean ACD and Body Mass Index to be 3.1±0.5 mm and 26.9±6.2 kg/m2 respectively. The mean ACD was greater in males than females. There was a statistically significant relationship between age and ACD. Obesity was found to be higher in females (n=97; 78.2%) compared to the males among those with BMI >30Kg/m2 and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0001). A larger proportion of subjects with normal BMI and overweight BMI 25-29.5 Kg/m2 were males. There was a statistically significant difference in the ACD values between genders among those overweight (BMI 25- 29.5 Kg/m2) and the obese (BMI >30 Kg/m2). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the ACD values between genders among those overweight.

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Evaluation of biometric parameters in phacomorphic glaucoma and mature cataracts

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120914536 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212091453

Author(s):

Ali Keleş ◽

Emine Şen ◽

Ufuk Elgin

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Mature Cataract ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare the biometric parameters and axial lengths of eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma and mature cataract and to identify differences that might predispose to development of phacomorphic glaucoma. Methods: Three hundred forty-two patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The eyes were divided into four groups—Group (G)1: phacomorphic glaucoma ( n = 29), G2: mature cataract ( n = 313), G3: contralateral phacomorphic glaucoma ( n = 29), and G4: contralateral mature cataract ( n = 313). Central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were assessed by optical low-coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900®; Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland), while axial length was determined by A-scan ultrasound biometry. Results: The mean central corneal thickness of G1 was significantly higher than in other groups ( p < 0.001) and the mean anterior chamber depth of G1 was the lowest among the groups ( p < 0.001). Also, G2 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 ( p < 0.001) and G3 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 ( p = 0.007). Anterior chamber depth less than 3.27 mm had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G3 versus G4 (odds ratio = 10.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients aged ⩾68.9 years had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G1 versus G2 (odds ratio = 2.82, p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the presence of pseudoexfoliation material between G1 and G2 ( p = 0.057). There were no significant differences in axial length values among the four groups ( p = 0.097). Conclusion: Advanced age and shallow anterior chamber depth were found to be risk factors for developing phacomorphic glaucoma, but the presence of pseudoexfoliation material was not found to play a role as a risk factor in phacomorphic glaucoma development.

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Preoperative Anatomy Parameters in Implantable Collamer Lenses

10.21203/rs.3.rs-968382/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanzhen Xue ◽

Yonghong Guo ◽

Ruibo Zhao

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Case Series ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose: To determine patient preoperative anatomical features and the parameters of implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) relevant in explaining vault variability.Setting: Ophthalmology Xi’an Aier Gucheng Eye hospital , Xi’an China.Design: Retrospective case series.Methods:This study comprised 88 eyes of 45 patients implanted with myopic or toric ICLs between May 2021 and August 2021.Pentacam imaging was used for assessing white-to-white (WTW) diameter, central keratometry, anterior chamber depth(ACD), central corneal thickness and vault. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography（AS-OCT） was used to measure the horizontal anterior chamber angle distance (ATA). Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to measure horizontal and vertical sulcus to sulcus(vSTS). According to different ACD,we divide ACD into shallow group(2.8 to 3.2 mm),medium group(3.2 to 3.5 mm),and deep group(＞3.5mm).Results: Linear regression analysis found significant correlation between WTW diameters and ATA diameters( y= 0.9605x+0.1491,R² = 0.9148),with a coefficient of determinant of 0.9148 (P＜0.01). Linear regression analysis found significant correlation between hSTS and vSTS（y=0.9855x-0.0178,R²=0.1979）,with a coefficient of determinant of 0.1979 (P＜0.01). WTW diameters showed statistically significant difference in shallow and medium ACD (t=-3.28,P＜0.01 ), significant difference in shallow and deep ACD (t=-4.69,P＜0.01 ),there was no correlation in medium and deep ACD(t=-1.41,P＞0.05 ). There was a statistically significant correlation between WTW diameters and hSTS diameters when the ACD was less than 3.5 mm (t=-0.451, P=0.000) (t=1.406, P=0.026),but weak correlation when the ACD was bigger than 3.5 mm(t=1.594, P=0.051). ATA and WTW with a mean difference close to zero(-0.66 mm). Despite the relatively high correlation (intraclass correlation co-efficient =0.689), the range of agreement is quite broad (1.33 mm).Conclusions:ATA measured with AS-OCT can not be used interchangeably with WTW obtained with Pentacam. WTW diameters and hSTS diameters have a statistically significant correlation when the ACD was less than 3.5 mm. WTW, ATA, hSTS and vSTS all should be considered during design the size of lens and regulating the vault after surgery.

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Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Changes Anterior Chamber Architecture

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.5301/ejo.5000804 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian Theinert ◽

Peter Wiedemann ◽

Jan D. Unterlauft

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Control Group ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy ◽

Peripheral Iridotomy ◽

Healthy Eyes

Purpose The pressure gradient between anterior and posterior chamber in acute angle closure (AAC) and primary angle closure suspects is balanced by a sufficient laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The anterior chamber changes induced by LPI in patients with unilateral AAC were examined and compared to healthy eyes to define threshold values, which may help to discriminate between healthy and diseased eyes. Methods Using Scheimpflug photography, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured before and after LPI in both eyes of unilateral AAC cases. These measurements were compared to a group of healthy control eyes to determine threshold values for ACD, ACV, and ACA. Results The ACD, ACV, and ACA increased significantly in the 25 AAC eyes after LPI. The ACD, ACV, ACA, and CCT values in the AAC eyes obtained before LPI were compared to a control group of 59 healthy eyes with wide open chamber angles. The cutoff values revealed by receiver operating characteristic analysis were 2.1 mm for ACD, 90.5 mm2 for ACV, and 27.25° for ACA. Conclusions Our results confirm the significant changes of the anterior segments architecture induced by LPI in AAC eyes. The found threshold values for ACD, ACV, and ACA may help in daily clinical routine to discriminate between healthy eyes and those in need for a prophylactic LPI.

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