Evaluation of Anterior Segment’s Structures in Tilted Disc Syndrome

Purpose. To evaluate anterior segment’s structures by Pentacam in patients with tilted disc syndrome (TDS).Methods. Group 1 included forty-six eyes of forty-six patients who have the TDS. Group 2 including forty-six eyes of forty-six cases was the control group which was equal to the study group in age, gender, and refraction. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed in both groups. All cases were evaluated by Pentacam. The axial length (AL) of eyes was measured by ultrasound. Quantitative data obtained from these measurements were compared between two groups.Results. There was no statistically significant difference for age, gender, axial length, and spherical equivalent measurements between two groups (p=0.625,p=0.830,p=0.234, andp=0.850). There was a statistically significant difference for central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and pupil size measurements between two groups (p=0.001,p=0.0001,p=0.003, andp=0.001). Also, there was no statistically significant difference for anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and lens thickness (LT) measurements between two groups (p=0.130,p=0.910, andp=0.057).Conclusion. We determined that CCT was thinner, CV was less, and ACA was narrower in patients with TDS. There are some changes in the anterior segment of the eyes with tilted disc.

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Is keratoconus associated to thyroid diseases? Assessment of the corneal parameters in patients with congenital hypothyroidism

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211039946 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110399

Author(s):

Anna M Roszkowska ◽

Federica Alessandrello ◽

Małgorzata Waśniewska ◽

Angelo Tropeano ◽

Romina Gargano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Nonparametric Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: To investigate the association between keratoconus and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Patients and methods: Patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The first group comprised 31 subjects (11M:20F) with the mean age of 15.2 ± 3.9 years. affected by CH, and the control group was composed by 19 healthy individuals (8M:11F) aged 14.3 ± 4.6 years. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination with visual acuity assessment, refraction, slit lamp examination, and retinoscopy. Corneal parameters were measured using Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® Oculus, Germany). The main outcome measures considered for evaluation were: average corneal curvature (K), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior elevation and posterior elevation at the thinnest point, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Additionally, data from Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) and the high order aberrations were evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the Gaussian distribution, the comparison between the controls and cases group was performed by Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The odds ratio was performed in order to quantify the relationship between the congenital hypothyroidism and abnormal values displayed on front BAD. Results: The significant difference in the refractive status between both groups was observed. As to examined corneal and anterior chamber parameters no statistical differences were detected. Conclusions: Congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed and treated since the early postnatal life doesn’t induce abnormalities of corneal parameters suggestive for keratoconus.

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Short-Term Effects of Two Types of Goggles On Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Eye Segment Biometrics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1069603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Zhang ◽

Huixian Wang ◽

Yuan Nie ◽

Wenjing Li

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Eye Segment

Abstract Background: To evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics,during and after wearing two types of commonly used swimming goggles.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 40 healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years old were selected to wear two kinds of common swimming goggles (ocular socket and orbital goggles). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 minutes of wearing, and at 5 minutes after removing the goggles. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured.Results: The IOP at 2 minutes (21.0±2.2 mmHg) and 5 minutes (21.2±2.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than before wearing goggles (17.7± 2.1 mmHg). The IOP after the goggles were removed and at 5 minutes after the goggles were removed was 18.4±2.3 mmHg and 17.7±2.1 mmHg, respectively. ACV, ACD, and ACA values all decreased while the googles were worn. After the goggles were removed, these changes gradually returned to baseline values, with no significant difference in the values before and after.Conclusion: This study proves that wearing orbital goggles can lead to an acute increase in IOP and a slight decrease in ACV, ACD, and ACA. However, once the goggles are removed, these indicators return to baseline levels, showing that wearing orbital goggles has no significant lasting effect on IOP and anterior segment parameters.

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Quantification of Trabecular-Iris Contact and its Prevalence by Optical Coherence Tomography in a Healthy Caucasian Population

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.5301/ejo.5000919 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 417-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo ◽

Lucía De-Pablo-Gómez-De-Liaño ◽

Cristina Fernández-Vigo ◽

Inés Sánchez-Guillén ◽

Enrique Santos-Bueso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Axial Length ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Fourier Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional

Purpose To determine the prevalence of trabecular-iris contact (TIC) and quantify this contact in healthy Caucasian individuals using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). Methods For this cross-sectional study, 2,012 eyes of 1,006 healthy subjects were recruited among individuals undergoing a routine ophthalmologic checkup. In each participant, age, sex, intraocular pressure, and spherical refractive error were first recorded along with anterior chamber depth and volume, central corneal thickness measured with the Pentacam, and axial length with the IOLMaster. Anterior chamber angle variables and the presence of TIC in the horizontal quadrants were determined by anterior segment FD-OCT (RTVue 100®). When TIC was observed, TIC length (TICL) and its percentage in relation to the length of the trabecular meshwork (TICL percentage) were also measured. Results Trabecular-iris contact in the horizontal quadrants was observed in 34 eyes of 25 patients, representing 1.6% of the total number of eyes examined. In this subgroup of individuals, mean age was 55.8 years, 84% were women, and spherical refractive error ranged from -0.25 to 8.25 D. Eyes with TIC showed an angle width of less than 23.2 degrees and axial length shorter than 23.7 mm. Mean TICL was 239 ± 79 μm (103-495 μm) and mean TICL percentage was 46.9% ± 13.9% (17.2%-76.3%). Conclusions The prevalence of TIC was low in this population. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography emerged as useful to assess its prevalence and quantify the extent of TIC.

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Evaluation of biometric parameters in phacomorphic glaucoma and mature cataracts

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120914536 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212091453

Author(s):

Ali Keleş ◽

Emine Şen ◽

Ufuk Elgin

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Mature Cataract ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare the biometric parameters and axial lengths of eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma and mature cataract and to identify differences that might predispose to development of phacomorphic glaucoma. Methods: Three hundred forty-two patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The eyes were divided into four groups—Group (G)1: phacomorphic glaucoma ( n = 29), G2: mature cataract ( n = 313), G3: contralateral phacomorphic glaucoma ( n = 29), and G4: contralateral mature cataract ( n = 313). Central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were assessed by optical low-coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900®; Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland), while axial length was determined by A-scan ultrasound biometry. Results: The mean central corneal thickness of G1 was significantly higher than in other groups ( p < 0.001) and the mean anterior chamber depth of G1 was the lowest among the groups ( p < 0.001). Also, G2 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 ( p < 0.001) and G3 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 ( p = 0.007). Anterior chamber depth less than 3.27 mm had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G3 versus G4 (odds ratio = 10.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients aged ⩾68.9 years had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G1 versus G2 (odds ratio = 2.82, p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the presence of pseudoexfoliation material between G1 and G2 ( p = 0.057). There were no significant differences in axial length values among the four groups ( p = 0.097). Conclusion: Advanced age and shallow anterior chamber depth were found to be risk factors for developing phacomorphic glaucoma, but the presence of pseudoexfoliation material was not found to play a role as a risk factor in phacomorphic glaucoma development.

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Preoperative Anatomy Parameters in Implantable Collamer Lenses

10.21203/rs.3.rs-968382/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanzhen Xue ◽

Yonghong Guo ◽

Ruibo Zhao

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Case Series ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose: To determine patient preoperative anatomical features and the parameters of implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) relevant in explaining vault variability.Setting: Ophthalmology Xi’an Aier Gucheng Eye hospital , Xi’an China.Design: Retrospective case series.Methods:This study comprised 88 eyes of 45 patients implanted with myopic or toric ICLs between May 2021 and August 2021.Pentacam imaging was used for assessing white-to-white (WTW) diameter, central keratometry, anterior chamber depth(ACD), central corneal thickness and vault. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography（AS-OCT） was used to measure the horizontal anterior chamber angle distance (ATA). Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to measure horizontal and vertical sulcus to sulcus(vSTS). According to different ACD,we divide ACD into shallow group(2.8 to 3.2 mm),medium group(3.2 to 3.5 mm),and deep group(＞3.5mm).Results: Linear regression analysis found significant correlation between WTW diameters and ATA diameters( y= 0.9605x+0.1491,R² = 0.9148),with a coefficient of determinant of 0.9148 (P＜0.01). Linear regression analysis found significant correlation between hSTS and vSTS（y=0.9855x-0.0178,R²=0.1979）,with a coefficient of determinant of 0.1979 (P＜0.01). WTW diameters showed statistically significant difference in shallow and medium ACD (t=-3.28,P＜0.01 ), significant difference in shallow and deep ACD (t=-4.69,P＜0.01 ),there was no correlation in medium and deep ACD(t=-1.41,P＞0.05 ). There was a statistically significant correlation between WTW diameters and hSTS diameters when the ACD was less than 3.5 mm (t=-0.451, P=0.000) (t=1.406, P=0.026),but weak correlation when the ACD was bigger than 3.5 mm(t=1.594, P=0.051). ATA and WTW with a mean difference close to zero(-0.66 mm). Despite the relatively high correlation (intraclass correlation co-efficient =0.689), the range of agreement is quite broad (1.33 mm).Conclusions:ATA measured with AS-OCT can not be used interchangeably with WTW obtained with Pentacam. WTW diameters and hSTS diameters have a statistically significant correlation when the ACD was less than 3.5 mm. WTW, ATA, hSTS and vSTS all should be considered during design the size of lens and regulating the vault after surgery.

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Comparison of Anterior Chamber Parameters between Normal and Keratoconus Eyes using Scheimpflug Photography

International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1130 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Nagla Hassan Ali ◽

Mohammed Othman AbdElKhalek ◽

Hanan Elghoneimy

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Control Group ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Scheimpflug Photography ◽

Scheimpflug Camera ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Group I

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate anterior chamber indices including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) with the progression of keratoconus using a rotating Scheimpflug camera to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in discriminating keratoconus from normal eyes. Materials and methods After full ophthalmological examination in the Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Research, the patients are divided into two groups: Group I consisting of 50 eyes of normal control. Group II consists of 50 eyes of moderate keratoconus. All the subjects were evaluated with a Pentacam Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Keratoconic eyes were evaluated by vertical asymmetry (VI), keratoconus index (KI), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) with front elevation at thinnest location (F.Ele.Th) and back elevation at thinnest location (B.Ele.Th) and then divided into three groups according to mean keratometer (K) readings: Mild (K = less than 47.0 D), moderate (K = 47.0 to 52.0 D), and severe (K = 52.0 D or higher), and ACD and ACV were obtained after exclusion of mild and severe cases. Results With the progression of the disease, there was statistically significant differences in ACD and ACV measurements between the normal and moderate keratoconus eyes with progressive increase in the ACD and ACV with disease progression. Conclusion Anterior chamber parameters including depth and volume showed significant increase with moderate keratoconus than control. How to cite this article Ali NH, AbdElKhalek MO, El Ghonemy HM. Comparison of Anterior Chamber Parameters between Normal and Keratoconus Eyes using Scheimpflug Photography. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(3):105-108.

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Inter-Observer Reproducibility of Axial Ocular Measurements with Non-contact HAAG-STRAIT Biometer

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i3.1239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Suhail Sarwar ◽

Sehrish Shahid ◽

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽

Shaista Kanwal

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Excellent Correlation ◽

Interclass Correlation ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To check inter observer reproducibility of axial ocular measurements i.e. central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), anterior segment lens (ASL), vitreous length (VL) and axial length (AL) with non-contact HAAG-STRAIT biometer. Study Design: Comparative Reproducibility Analysis. Place and Duration of Study: College of ophthalmology and allied vision sciences (COAVS), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Methods: This study included 66 healthy students (132 eyes). Data was collected through self-designed proforma by 2 operators independently. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Interclass correlation was applied for agreement between the two readings. Interclass coefficient (ICC) value greater than 0.7 was considered as excellent correlation. Results: The mean CCT, AD, ACD, LT, ASL, VL, and AL were 526.47 ± 35.72 µm and 526.47 ± 36.06 µm (ICC = 0.92); 2.93 ± 0.29 mm and 2.93 ± 0.29 mm (ICC = 0.81); 3.45 ± 0.30 mm and 3.46 ± 0.30 mm (ICC = 0.79); 3.58 ± 0.28 mm and 3.56 ± 0.22 mm (ICC = 0.76); 7.03 ± 0.30 mm and 7.02 ± 0.27 mm (ICC = 0.80); 16.56 ± 0.85 mm and 16.62 ± 0.81 mm (ICC = 0.72); and 23.59 ± 0.85 mm and 23.64 ± 0.87 mm (ICC: 0.76) of observer 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: Non-contact Biometer (HAAG-STRAIT) has high inter-observer reproducibility with strong interclass coefficient of greater than 0.72. Key Words: Biometry, Axial Length, Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth.

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Presbyopia and its anatomical and physiological variants

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5269 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 155-158

Author(s):

M Gupta ◽

RR Sukul ◽

Y Gupta ◽

M Dey ◽

A Phougat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Corneal Curvature ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Aim: To study the various ocular anatomical and physiological parameters in presbyopia. Materials and methods: We studied the various ocular anatomical and physiological parameters like corneal curvature (keratometry readings: K1 and K2), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL) in 100 presbyopic patients between 35 - 55 years of age. The patients were divided into two age groups: I (35 – 44 years) and II (45-55 yrs). ACD, AL and LT were measured using an Ascan. CCT was measured with ultrasonic pachymetry. Results: The CCT decreased (BE), LT increased and ACD decreased (RE) significantly with increasing age (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in males and females. Nearly 3/4th of the total increase in lens thickness was responsible for the decrease in the anterior chamber depth and the rest, 1/4th , goes posteriorly. Corneal curvature and AL showed no significant change with age. Conclusions: The mean of CCT decreased significantly with advancing age. As age increased, the mean value of lens thickness increased and anterior chamber depth decreased. Nearly 3/ 4th of total increase in LT was anteriorly, decreasing the ACD. Corneal curvature and AL has no relation with age. Key words: Presbyopia, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5269 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 155-158

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Agreement between anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Lenstar and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy measurements of anterior segment parameters

10.21203/rs.2.427/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyan Yu ◽

Ting Huang ◽

Qiao Yu ◽

Jun Kong ◽

Bo Qu

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical University

Abstract Purpose To compare anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), Lenstar and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods A retrospective cross section study. A total of 83 eyes from 54 patients were included. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values obtained from three devices (AS-OCT, Lenstar and UBM) were recorded. All patients were collected from Oct. 2015 to Aug. 2016 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Differences of these three devices (ACD and CCT) were statistically analyzed by randomized blocks analysis. Pearson correlative analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare the correlation and agreement. Results There’s no significant difference in measuring ACD by Lenstar and UBM (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in other two groups (AS-OCT and UBM, AS-OCT and Lenstar) (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the mean CCT measured by the three devices (P<0.05). There were high correlation in measuring ACD (all P<0.001, r1=0.928,r2=0.982,r3=0.932, respectively), and CCT(all P<0.001,r1=0.957,r2=0.949,r3=0.928, respectively). Conclusion AS-OCT, Lenstar and UBM yielded comparable results and are all can be used interchangeably for anterior segment measurements.

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Refractive error and biometrics of anterior segment of eyes of healthy young university students in Japan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-51920-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kumiko Kato ◽

Mineo Kondo ◽

Maki Takeuchi ◽

Koji Hirano

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Axial Length ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Japanese University ◽

The Mean ◽

Corneal Diameter

Abstract To determine the parameters of the anterior segment of eyes that are significantly associated with the refractive error in healthy young Japanese university students. This was a cross-sectional observational study of 229 healthy Japanese university students (men: women,147:82) whose age ranged between 20 to 29 years. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that were significantly correlated with the refractive error. The independent variables included age, sex, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, curvature of anterior surface of cornea, and central corneal thickness. The mean refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −4.1 ± 2.7 diopters (D) with a range of −12.5 to +0.5 D, and the mean axial length was 25.4 ± 1.3 mm with a range of 22.4 to 29.0 mm. Pearson univariate correlation analysis found that the refractive error was significantly and negatively correlated with the axial length (R = −0.82, P < 0.001), deeper anterior chamber (R = −0.30, P < 0.001), and larger corneal diameter (R = −0.21, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the refractive error was significantly associated with a longer axial length (P < 0.001), a deeper anterior chamber (P < 0.001), and a flatter corneal curvature (P < 0.001).The biometric values of the anterior segment of the eyes should make the eye more hyperopic which would reduce the myopia-inducing lengthening of the axial length.

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