scholarly journals Prevention of Influenza A(H7N9) and Bacterial Infections in Mice Using Intranasal Immunization With Live Influenza Vaccine and the Group B Streptococcus Recombinant Polypeptides

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1178122X1771094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A Desheva ◽  
Galina F Leontieva ◽  
Tatiana A Kramskaya ◽  
Tatiana A Smolonogina ◽  
Kornelia B Grabovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Intranasal Immunization ◽  
Group B ◽  
Recombinant Polypeptides

We investigate the protective effect of combined vaccination based on live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and group B streptococcus (GBS) recombinant polypeptides against potential pandemic H7N9 influenza infection followed by GBS burden. Mice were intranasally immunized using 107 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) of H7N3 LAIV, the mix of the 4 GBS peptides (group B streptococcus vaccine [GBSV]), or combined LAIV + GBSV vaccine. The LAIV raised serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against H7N9 in higher titers than against H7N3. Combined vaccination provided advantageous protection against infections with A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9)CDC-RG influenza and serotype II GBS. Combined vaccine significantly improved bacterial clearance from the lungs after infection compared with other vaccine groups. The smallest lung lesions due to combined LAIV + GBSV vaccination were associated with a prevalence of lung interferon-γ messenger RNA expression. Thus, combined viral and bacterial intranasal immunization using H7N3 LAIV and recombinant bacterial polypeptides induced balanced adaptive immune response, providing protection against potential pandemic influenza H7N9 and bacterial complications.

scholarly journals Evaluation in Mouse Model of Combined Virus-bacterial Vaccine Based on Attenuated Influenza A(H7N3) Virus and the Group B Streptococcus Recombinant Polypeptides

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Desheva ◽  
Galina F. Leontieva ◽  
Tatiana A. Kramskaya ◽  
Tatiana A. Smolonogina ◽  
Kornelia B. Grabovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Intranasal Immunization ◽  
Group B ◽  
Recombinant Polypeptides

Background:Secondary bacterial influenza complications are a common cause of excesses morbidity and mortality, which determines the need to develop means for specific prophylaxis. Group B streptococcal infection is especially common cause of pneumonia among children and the elderly with underlying conditions. Here we investigate in a mouse model the effects of combined intranasal immunization using live attenuated influenza vaccine and recombinant polypeptides based on group BStreptococcussurface proteins.Methods:Groups of outbred mice received two doses of the following preparations: 1) the reassortant A/17/Mallard/Netherlands/00/95 (H7N3) influenza virus; 2) a mixture of P6, ScaAB, ScpB1 and Stv recombinant GBS proteins (20 µg total); 3) the A(H7N3) influenza vaccine pooled with the four bacterial peptide preparation; 4) control animals were treated with PBS.Results:Intranasal vaccination using LAIV in combination with GBS polypeptides provided advantageous protection against infections with homologous A/Mallard/Netherlands/12/00 (H7N3) wild type virus or heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) followed by serotype II GBS infection. Also, combined vaccination improved bacterial clearance from the lungs of mice.Conclusion:Intranasal immunization with LAIV+GBSV was safe and enabled to induce the antibody response to each of vaccine components. Thus, the combined vaccine increased the protective effect against influenza and its bacterial complications in mice compared to LAIV-only.

scholarly journals Preventing Bacterial Infections with Pilus-Based Vaccines: the Group B Streptococcus Paradigm

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immaculada Margarit ◽  
Cira Daniela Rinaudo ◽  
Cesira L. Galeotti ◽  
Domenico Maione ◽  
Claudia Ghezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B

Spectrum of Changes Seen With Placental Intravascular Organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel T Schubert ◽  
Deidre Mason ◽  
Roosacelis Martines ◽  
Marlene Deleon-Carnes ◽  
Sherif R Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Group B

Fetal bacterial infections are a common cause of fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. The pathologic correlates of congenital bacterial infection include acute chorioamnionitis, acute villitis, and acute intervillositis. The strength of the association of congenital bacterial infection differs among these pathologies. Acute chorioamnionitis results usually from an ascending infection, and damage to the fetus is thought to be cytokine driven rather than damage secondary to bacteremia. Acute villitis is strongly associated with fetal sepsis due to congenital infections. A much less common variant on acute villitis pattern has been described with additional presence of bacteria in the fetal capillaries of the chorionic villi. We describe the spectrum of bacteria that would induce this unique pattern. The histological archives were searched from 2 institutions for cases with intravascular bacteria present in the villous capillaries of the placenta. Thirteen cases were identified, of which 11 cases had acute chorioamnionitis and all cases showed an acute villitis. Eight cases had Escherichia coli identified and 3 cases had Group B Streptococcus. All cases were associated with fetal death. In 9 cases, the mother showed signs of a significant infection including 1 maternal death. We conclude that finding intravascular bacteria is a serious complication of congenital infection with serious fetal and maternal sequela.

scholarly journals Characterization of Clinical and Carrier Streptococcus agalactiae and Prophage Contribution to the Strain Variability

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Aneta Lichvariková ◽  
Katarina Soltys ◽  
Tomas Szemes ◽  
Livia Slobodnikova ◽  
Gabriela Bukovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Phage Integrase ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) represents a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns and is also responsible for diseases in older and immunocompromised adults. Prophages represent an important factor contributing to the genome plasticity and evolution of new strains. In the present study, prophage content was analyzed in human GBS isolates. Thirty-seven prophages were identified in genomes of 20 representative sequenced strains. On the basis of the sequence comparison, we divided the prophages into eight groups named A–H. This division also corresponded to the clustering of phage integrase, even though several different integration sites were observed in some relative prophages. Next, PCR method was used for detection of the prophages in 123 GBS strains from adult hospitalized patients and from pregnancy screening. At least one prophage was present in 105 isolates (85%). The highest prevalence was observed for prophage group A (71%) and satellite prophage group B (62%). Other groups were detected infrequently (1–6%). Prophage distribution did not differ between clinical and screening strains, but it was unevenly distributed in MLST (multi locus sequence typing) sequence types. High content of full-length and satellite prophages detected in present study implies that prophages could be beneficial for the host bacterium and could contribute to evolution of more adapted strains.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Inhibition Antibodies After 2010–2011 Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Personnel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryrose R. Laguio-Vila ◽  
Mark G. Thompson ◽  
Sue Reynolds ◽  
Sarah M. Spencer ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Influenza Vaccinations

Abstract Background.  Most inactivated influenza vaccines contain purified and standardized hemagglutinin (HA) and residual neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Vaccine-associated HA antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI]) are well described, but less is known about the immune response to the NA. Methods.  Serum of 1349 healthcare personnel (HCP) electing or declining the 2010–2011 trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine ([IIV3], containing A/California/7/2009 p(H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 [H3N2], B/Brisbane/60/2008 strains) were tested for NA-inhibiting (NAI) antibody by a modified lectin-based assay using pseudotyped N1 and N2 influenza A viruses with an irrelevant (H5) HA. Neuraminidase-inhibiting and HAI antibody titers were evaluated approximately 30 days after vaccination and end-of-season for those with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza infection. Results.  In 916 HCP (68%) receiving IIV3, a 2-fold increase in N1 and N2 NAI antibody occurred in 63.7% and 47.3%, respectively. Smaller responses occurred in HCP age >50 years and those without prior 2009–2010 IIV3 nor monovalent A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccinations. Forty-four PCR-confirmed influenza infections were observed, primarily affecting those with lower pre-exposure HAI and NAI antibodies. Higher pre-NAI titers correlated with shorter duration of illness for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infections. Conclusions.  Trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine is modestly immunogenic for N1 and N2 antigens in HCP. Vaccines eliciting robust NA immune responses may improve efficacy and reduce influenza-associated morbidity.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation due to influenza in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicki L Boddington ◽  
Isabelle Pearson ◽  
Heather Whitaker ◽  
Punam Mangtani ◽  
Richard G Pebody
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Abstract This systematic review assesses the literature for estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation in children. Studies of any design to 08 June 2020 were included if the outcome was hospitalisation, participants were 17 years old or less and influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed. A random-effects meta-analysis of 37 studies that used a test-negative design gave a pooled seasonal IVE against hospitalisation of 53.3% (47.2-58.8) for any influenza. IVE was higher against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (68.7%, 56.9-77.2) and lowest against influenza A/H3N2 (35.8%, 23.4-46.3). Estimates by vaccine type ranged from 44.3% (30.1-55.7) for LAIV to 68.9% (53.6-79.2) for inactivated vaccines. IVE estimates were higher in seasons when the circulating influenza strains were antigenically matched to vaccine strains (59.3%, 48.3-68.0). Influenza vaccination gives moderate overall protection against influenza-associated hospitalisation in children supporting annual vaccination. IVE varies by influenza subtype and vaccine type.

scholarly journals A Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Elicits Enhanced Heterologous Protection When the Internal Genes of the Vaccine Are Matched to Those of the Challenge Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Laura Rodriguez ◽  
Maya El Ghouayel ◽  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
Jeffrey M. Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Cell Immunity

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality, despite the availability of viral vaccines. The efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) has been especially poor in recent years. One potential reason is that the master donor virus (MDV), on which all LAIVs are based, contains either the internal genes of the 1960 A/Ann Arbor/6/60 or the 1957 A/Leningrad/17/57 H2N2 viruses (i.e., they diverge considerably from currently circulating strains). We previously showed that introduction of the temperature-sensitive (ts) residue signature of the AA/60 MDV into a 2009 pandemic A/California/04/09 H1N1 virus (Cal/09) results in only 10-fold in vivo attenuation in mice. We have previously shown that the ts residue signature of the Russian A/Leningrad/17/57 H2N2 LAIV (Len LAIV) more robustly attenuates the prototypical A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) H1N1 virus. In this work, we therefore introduced the ts signature from Len LAIV into Cal/09. This new Cal/09 LAIV is ts in vitro, highly attenuated (att) in mice, and protects from a lethal homologous challenge. In addition, when our Cal/09 LAIV with PR8 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase was used to vaccinate mice, it provided enhanced protection against a wild-type Cal/09 challenge relative to a PR8 LAIV with the same attenuating mutations. These findings suggest it may be possible to improve the efficacy of LAIVs by better matching the sequence of the MDV to currently circulating strains. IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza infection remains a major cause of disease and death, underscoring the need for improved vaccines. Among current influenza vaccines, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is unique in its ability to elicit T-cell immunity to the conserved internal proteins of the virus. Despite this, LAIV has shown limited efficacy in recent years. One possible reason is that the conserved, internal genes of all current LAIVs derive from virus strains that were isolated between 1957 and 1960 and that, as a result, do not resemble currently circulating influenza viruses. We have therefore developed and tested a new LAIV, based on a currently circulating pandemic strain of influenza. Our results show that this new LAIV elicits improved protective immunity compared to a more conventional LAIV.

scholarly journals Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Group B Streptococcal Protein Rib and Cholera Toxin B Subunit Confers Protection against Lethal Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1184-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Larsson ◽  
Jan Holmgren ◽  
Gunnar Lindahl ◽  
Charlotta Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Intranasal Immunization ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Intranasal immunization of mice with Rib, a cell surface protein of group B streptococcus (GBS), conjugated to or simply coadministered with the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, induces systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and local IgA antibody responses and confers protection against lethal GBS infection. These findings have implications for the development of a human GBS vaccine.

scholarly journals Inflammasome Activity in Response to Influenza Vaccination Is Maintained in Monocyte-Derived Peripheral Blood Macrophages in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Crooke ◽  
Krista M. Goergen ◽  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Richard B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Introduction: Each year, a disproportionate number of the total seasonal influenza-related hospitalizations (90%) and deaths (70%) occur among adults who are >65 years old. Inflammasome activation has been shown to be important for protection against influenza infection in animal models but has not yet been demonstrated in humans. We hypothesized that age-related dysfunction (immunosenescence) of the inflammasome may be associated with poor influenza-vaccine response among older adults.Methods: A cohort of younger (18–40 years of age) and older (≥65 years of age) adults was recruited prior to the 2014–2015 influenza season. We measured hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers in serum before and 28 days after receipt of the seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine. Inflammasome-related gene expression and protein secretion were quantified in monocyte-derived macrophages following stimulation with influenza A/H1N1 virus.Results: Younger adults exhibited higher HAI titers compared to older adults following vaccination, although inflammasome-related protein secretion in response to influenza stimulation was similar between the age groups. Expression of P2RX7 following influenza stimulation was lower among older adults. Interestingly, CFLAR expression was significantly higher among females (p = 2.42 × 10−5) following influenza stimulation and this gene may play an important role in the development of higher HAI antibody titers among older females.Conclusion: Inflammasome activation in response to influenza vaccination appears to be maintained in monocyte-derived macrophages from older adults and does not explain the poor influenza vaccine responses generally observed among this age group.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G, A and M response to influenza vaccination in different age groups: effects of priming and boosting

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. P. Beyer ◽  
Jos T. M. Van Der Logt ◽  
Ruud van Beek ◽  
Nic Masurel
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Capture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

SUMMARYFifty volunteers, treated with an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2), A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) and B/Singapore/222/79 virus, were subdivided according to the estimated first exposure to influenza in their lifetime (priming) and the presence of antibodies against the vaccine components in the pre-vaccination sera. The isotypic antibody response (IgG, IgA, IgM) was determined by means of an antibody capture haemadsorption immunosorbent technique. For all three vaccine components, previously seropositive subjects produced antibodies of the IgG- and IgA-class more frequently than previously seronegative persons. Subjects primed to one of the influenza A subtypes showed more IgG and IgA responses in comparison with those unprimed (prime-effect). In contrast, IgM antibodies occurred in only 19 and 11% of primed, but in 59 and 54% of unprimed subjects, for A (H3N2) and A (HlNl), respectively. The incidence of IgM titre rises was not influenced by the prevaccination state. However, the mean magnitude of anti-A(H1N1)-IgM titre rises was greater in those previously seronegative. The concepts of primary and reinfection and of ‘original antigenic sin’ are discussed, and it is suggested that age and, if possible, serological state prior to antigen-exposure should be taken into account when studying isotypic antibody responses after influenza infection or vaccination.

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