scholarly journals Evaluating the Level of Pesticides in the Blood of Small-Scale Farmers and Its Associated Risk Factors in Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110436
Author(s):  
Tariku Neme Afata ◽  
Seblework Mekonen ◽  
Gudina Terefe Tucho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background: The presence of agricultural pesticide residue can cause adverse health effects.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of pesticides in the blood of small-scale farmers (SSFs) and associated risk factors in western Ethiopia. Methods: Across sectional study was conducted in June 2020 using 240 blood samples, 140 from the exposed small-scale farmers (ESSFs) and 100 from non-exposed small-scale farmers (NESSFs). The blood sample analysis was mad for 5 organochlorines (OCs) and 3 synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) methods. Extraction, and clean up of the samples were made by using standard analytical methods. To define the relationships between the outcomes and explanatory variables, logistic regression models were used. Results: The results shows that p,p’-DDT, heptachlor and deltamethrin were the most frequently detected pesticides with 96.4%, 95%, and 100% in both ESSFs and NESSFs, respectively. The ESSFs blood samples have shown the highest mean concentrations of permethrin and p,p'-DDT(1.26 ± 0.15) and (0.28 ± 0.4) mgL−1, respectively. SSFs under the age of 40 were 21% less likely to be exposed to permethrin than those above the age of 40 (Adjusted Odd Ratio, AOR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.1-0.44). Male SSFs were 17 times more likely to be exposed to heptachlor than females (AOR, 17.36; 95%CI: 7.34-41.09) and farmers with no formal education were 18 times more likely to be exposed to deltamethrin than those with primary schools and beyond (AOR, 18.1; 95 %CI: 4.53-72.06). Furthermore, SSFs that did not use PPE appropriately were 3.6 and 6.21 times more likely to be exposed to cypermethrin (AOR, 3.6; 95%CI: 1.94-6.54) and p,p'-DDE(AOR, 6.21; 95%CI: 3.38-11.41) blood levels than those who did, respectively. SSFs that perform different activities like eating and drinking (11%), chewing (10%), and diverse activities (8%) were more likely to be exposed to p,p′-DDT than those farmers who didn’t use pesticides. Conclusions: This study identified a high concentration p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin in the blood of small scale farmers. The older age, less education, and farmers with inappropriate PPE use are more likely exposed to pesticides.

scholarly journals Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0233314
Author(s):  
Basha Chekesa ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Mahlet Chanyalew ◽  
Aboma Zewude ◽  
Gobena Ameni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Evaluating serum elastin levels in striae gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Beril Gürlek ◽  
Ülkü Mete Ural ◽  
Sibel Tuğcugil ◽  
Medeni Arpa ◽  
Özgür Önal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Striae Gravidarum ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective Striae gravidarum (SG) is the most common dermatological defect in pregnancy leading to cosmetic anxiety with unknown etiopathogenesis. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between serum elastin levels and striae and identify possible independent associated risk factors. Materials and methods This was a prospective observational study. In total, 138 primipara pregnant women were examined before delivery. Participants were separated into two groups according to the presence of SG. Striae assessment was performed according to Davey score. Before the active phase of labor patients were physically examined and blood samples were collected. Personal characteristics, features of birth, skin findings and serum elastin levels were compared between groups. Results Term pregnant women with SG had significantly higher serum elastin levels than those without SG (99.46 ± 32.92 vs. 88.36 ± 19.12, respectively; p = 0.018). Conclusions Serum elastin levels were increased in women with SG. However, the newly synthesized elastin may not be functional as it is thin and disorganized. Therefore, increased elastin production may not prevent the formation of striae. This finding may provide an impetus to explore the pathomechanisms of striae. Further controlled trials are warranted to determine the clinical significance of serum elastin levels in the formation of SG.

Prevalence of Wound and Associated Risk Factors of Donkeys in Merawi District, North-Western Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atinkut Minale Tsega ◽  
Yalelet Worku ◽  
Tewodros Tesfaye ◽  
Shahid Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
North Western ◽  
Western Ethiopia

scholarly journals Schistosomiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among School-Aged Children in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Musa M. Dogara ◽  
Saadatu Ahmad ◽  
Babalola J. Balogun ◽  
Salwa S. Dawaki ◽  
Muzammil B. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The Jigawa State Ministry of Health in Northern Nigeria undertook a pilot intervention without a follow-up to control schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy by ensuring that each child swallows praziquantel from 2009 to 2013 in five primary schools in Dutse metropolis. Previously, the overall prevalence for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis determined using Sedimentation and Kato Katz methods was 22.9%. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 150 randomly selected pupils, aged 6 - 15 years old was conducted using sedimentation and Kato-Katz methods to determine the prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis respectively in three schools in July, 2018. Information on demographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire and the data generated was analyzed using SPSS statistics version 18.0. Results: The overall prevalence was 10% with S. haematobium 8%, S. mansoni 2.67% and co-infection 0.67%. Males had higher prevalence, 15.10% than females 1.75%. The 11 - 15 years age group had higher prevalence, 10.10% than 6 - 10 years, 9.68%. Nearly all the infections occurred among class 4-6 pupils with 12.10% and 2.94% in 1-3. Based on parental occupations, children of unskilled laborer had the highest prevalence of 16.67% followed by children of civil servants 12.50%, and children of butchers 0%. Kachi School had the highest prevalence of 14.00% while Sir Muhammadu Sunusi had the lowest 4.00%. Schistosomiasis prevalence was found only to be significantly associated with gender; higher among males than females (15.1% vs 1.75%, P = 0.011). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Schistosomiasis is still endemic among school-aged children in Dutse metropolis, but with a drop in overall prevalence from 22.9% to 10.00%. Chemotherapy and health education should be sustained on both in and out of school-aged children in order to control the transmission. Key words: • Schistosomiasis • Tropical diseases • Northern Nigeria • Chemotherapy• School-aged Children • Kato - Katz • Sedimentation   Copyright © 2020 Dogara et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors in Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Demiso Sima ◽  
Debela Abdeta Ifa ◽  
Akililu Likasa Merga ◽  
Eyob Hirpa Tola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

scholarly journals Malaria Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in and Around Anger Gute Town, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrate Dufera ◽  
Oljira Kenea ◽  
Geleta Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. About 75% of the total area of the country is an area of malaria transmission and an estimated 68% of the Ethiopian population is at risk from malaria. Therfore, this study was aimed to evaluate local malaria incidence and associated risk factors in and around Anger Gute town, East Wollega Zone,Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia. Methods: Health-facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December 2018. 462 malaria suspected patients attending three health posts and one health center were included in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and laboratory diagnosis of malaria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 for windows. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of each independent variable on incidence of malaria. P values of less or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. Results : Of 462 malaria suspected cases, 122 (26.4%) had Plasmodium infection which was confirmed by microscopy or RDT. 64.75 %, 32 % and 3.75% of malaria was caused by P. falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infections respectively. Malaria incidence in and around Anger Gute town from June to December 2018 was found to be 0.343 % (122/ 35, 585). No significant difference in incidence of malaria was found by sex and age categories of study participants (P>0.05). Incidence of malaria was significantly lower in urban kebeles compared to rural kebeles (COR= 0.359, P=0.00). Incidence of malaria was significantly associated with presence of stagnant water nearby living house (AOD=186.3, P=0.000), utilization of bed net (AOD=0.08, P=0.000), and IRS (AOD=0.056,P=0.03). Six years malaria trend analysis at Anger Gute Health Center showed that number of confirmed malaria cases was significantly decreased in 2014 - 2018 as compared to 2013. Since 2014; numbers of confirmed malaria cases have been more or less constant in Anger Gute health center. Conclusions: Incidence of malaria in and around Anger Gute town was 3.43 per 1000 population at risk of the disease during the study period and was lower than recent incidence of malaria reported from Ethiopia. Trend analysis of malaria from 2014 to 2018 indicated nearly unchanged numbers of malaria cases. This shows presence of low sustained malaria transmission. Integrated vector control efforts are needed to suppress transmission that lead to elimination of the disease in the study setting. Key words: Anger Gute, malaria, malaria incidence

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