scholarly journals Lower levels of glutathione in the brains of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients measured by 1H magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging at 3 T

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Y Choi ◽  
S-P Lee ◽  
DR Denney ◽  
SG Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chemical Shift Imaging ◽  
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
The Brain

Background: Disability levels for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) often worsen despite a stable MRI T2 lesion burden. The presence of oxidative stress in the absence of measurable inflammation could help explain this phenomenon. In this study, the assessment of an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, cerebral glutathione (GSH), using magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging (CSI) is described, and GSH levels were compared in patients with SPMS and healthy controls. Objective: To assess whether GSH, a key antioxidant in the brain, is lower in the SPMS patients compared to matched controls. Methods: Seventeen patients with SPMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 4.0–7.0; length of MS diagnosis = 19.4 ± 7 years) and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. GSH levels were measured in the fronto-parietal regions of the brain using a specially designed magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique, CSI of GSH, at 3T. Results: The levels of GSH were lower for SPMS patients than for controls, the largest reduction (18.5%) being in the frontal region ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: The lower GSH levels in these patients indicate the presence of oxidative stress in SPMS. This process could be at least partially responsible for ongoing functional decline in SPMS.

scholarly journals RORγt Expression and Lymphoid Neogenesis in the Brain of Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 877-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Serafini ◽  
Barbara Rosicarelli ◽  
Caterina Veroni ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Camilla Reali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Phonological Fluency Strategy of Switching Differentiates Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Messinis ◽  
M. H. Kosmidis ◽  
C. Vlahou ◽  
A. C. Malegiannaki ◽  
G. Gatzounis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Fluency Task

The strategies used to perform a verbal fluency task appear to be reflective of cognitive abilities necessary for successful daily functioning. In the present study, we explored potential differences in verbal fluency strategies (switching and clustering) used to maximize word production by patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We further assessed impairment rates and potential differences in the sensitivity and specificity of phonological versus semantic verbal fluency tasks in discriminating between those with a diagnosis of MS and healthy adults. We found that the overall rate of impaired verbal fluency in our MS sample was consistent with that in other studies. However, we found no differences between types of MS (SPMS, RRMS), on semantic or phonological fluency word production, or the strategies used to maximize semantic fluency. In contrast, we found that the number of switches differed significantly in the phonological fluency task between the SPMS and RRMS subtypes. The clinical utility of semantic versus phonological fluency in discriminating MS patients from healthy controls did not indicate any significant differences. Further, the strategies used to maximize performance did not differentiate MS subgroups or MS patients from healthy controls.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes of cerebral glutathione (GSH) levels associated with the clinical course of disease progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Young Choi ◽  
Phil Lee ◽  
Abbey J Hughes ◽  
Douglas R Denney ◽  
Sharon G Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Motor Strength

Background: Increased oxidative stress leads to loss of glutathione (GSH). We have reported lower cerebral GSH in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. Objective: This study expanded upon our earlier work by examining longitudinal changes in cerebral GSH in patients with SPMS in relation to their clinical status. Methods: A total of 13 patients with SPMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 4.0–6.5; MS duration = 21.2 ± 8.7 years) and 12 controls were studied over 3–5 years. GSH mapping was acquired from frontal and parietal regions using a multiple quantum chemical shift imaging technique at 3 T. Clinical assessments of the patient’s disability included EDSS, gait, motor strength, ataxia, tremor, brainstem function and vision changes. Results: Brain GSH concentrations in patients were lower than those in controls for both baseline and 3- to 5-year follow-ups. Longitudinal GSH changes of patients were associated with their neurologist’s blinded appraisal of their clinical progression. Patients judged to have worsening clinical status had significantly greater declines in frontal GSH concentrations than those with stable clinical status. Conclusion: GSH provides a distinct measure associated with the disease progression in SPMS, possibly due to its dynamic alignment with pathogenic processes of MS related to oxidative stress.

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