Hiding behind the party brand or currying favor with constituents: Why do representatives engage in different types of constituency-oriented behavior?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Ciftci ◽  
Tevfik Murat Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Orientations

Why do representatives prioritize certain types of constituency service in parliamentary systems? This study argues that the choice for constituency-oriented activities is conditioned by both partisan factors and legislative role orientations. Two novel data sets combining behavioral and attitudinal measures of constituency-oriented behavior are used for empirical tests: an elite survey including detailed interviews with 204 members of the Turkish parliament and 4000 parliamentary questions tabled by these members. The results from a series of ordered logit, ordinary least squares (OLS), and negative binomial regression estimations confirm that members of parliament choose different types of constituency-oriented activities based on their visibility to the party leadership and their constituency. This choice is primarily driven by partisanship and members of parliament’s perceptions about the influence of party leader in renomination. The analysis provides important insights about the role of partisan factors as drivers of parliamentary behavior.

scholarly journals Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Malthe Bach-Mortensen ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

Using Poisson Class Regression To Analyze Count Data in Correctional and Forensic Psychology

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1659-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Censored Models

The benchmark model for count data is the Poisson distribution, and the standard statistical procedure for analyzing count data is Poisson regression. However, highly restrictive assumptions lead to frequent misspecification of the Poisson model. Alternate approaches, such as negative binomial regression, zero modified procedures, and truncated and censored models are consequently required to handle count data in many social science contexts. Empirical examples from correctional and forensic psychology are provided to illustrate the importance of replacing ordinary least squares regression with Poisson class procedures in situations when count data are analyzed.

scholarly journals The impact of political instability upon the increase of terrorism in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Andrey Vadimovich Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The key goal of the article is to examine whether the domestic political instability associated with the “Arab Spring” caused the subsequent surge of global terrorism, which reached its peak in 2014. The author reviews six different types of domestic political instability: antigovernment demonstrations, national strikes, government crises, government repression, disturbances, and revolutions. Using the regression models, the author clarifies the impact of such factors as the level of education, Internet access, economic development, democratization indexes, and the degree of religious and ethnic fragmentariness. Analysis is conducted on the results of the models separately for different types of political regimes, forms of domestic political instability, and global regions. The results of construction and analysis a number of negative binomial regression models testify to the support of “escalation effect”, which implies that heightened intensity of domestic political instability leads to the surge of terrorist attacks. More severe forms of domestic political instability, namely repression and disturbances, generate a higher level of terrorism; however, revolution, as the most severe form of domestic political instability does not produce such effect. The formulated conclusions are also substantiated by the fact that certain forms of political instability have a different impact upon terrorism and its peculiarities, depending on the geographical region and the type of political regime.

Managing Threats on the High Seas: The Role of Naval Bases on Reducing Maritime Piracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2110494
Author(s):  
Orlandrew E. Danzell ◽  
Jacob A. Mauslein ◽  
John D. Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Time Series Dataset ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Impact

Weak coastal states often lack an adequate, sustained naval presence to monitor and police their territorial waters. Unpatrolled waters, both territorial and otherwise, may provide pirates with substantial financial opportunities that go far beyond any single country. Maritime piracy costs the global economy on average USD 24 billion per year. This research explores the impact of naval bases on acts of piracy to determine if naval presence can decrease the likelihood of piracy. To examine this important economic and national security issue, our research employs a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. We also rely upon a newly constructed time-series dataset for the years 1992–2018. Our study shows that the presence of naval bases is essential in helping maritime forces combat piracy. Policymakers searching for options to combat piracy should find the results of this study especially useful in creating prescriptive approaches that aid in solving offshore problems.

scholarly journals Understanding Socioenvironmental Contributors to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Disability Among Older Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B. Brenner ◽  
Philippa J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Our understanding of the mechanisms through which racial/ethnic disparities in disability in older adults develop and are maintained is limited. We examined the role of physical impairment, socioeconomic factors and health for racial/ethnic disparities in activities of daily living (ADL), and the modifying role of the indoor home environment. Data come from the National Health and Aging Trends Study ( N = 5,640), and negative binomial regression models were specified separately for men and women. Blacks and Hispanics reported more ADL difficulty than Whites. Living in homes with clutter was associated with higher rates of ADL difficulty, but it was not related to racial/ethnic disparities. Racial/ethnic differences were explained by physical impairment for men, but not for women. Socioeconomic factors and health accounted for remaining disparities for Black, but not for Hispanic women. Attention to individual and environmental factors is necessary to fully understand and address race/ethnic disparities in disability in older Americans.

Examining Engagement With Sport Sponsor Activations on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-108
Author(s):  
Terry Eddy ◽  
B. Colin Cork ◽  
Katie Lebel ◽  
Erin Howie Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Activation Type

Research on sport sponsors’ use of social media has begun to emerge, but, to date, limited research has examined how sponsors are using social media as an activation platform to engage with followers. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine differences in follower engagement with regard to sponsored Twitter posts from North American professional sport organizations, based upon the focus, scope, and activation type of the sponsored messages. This manuscript consists of two related studies—Study 1 employed a deductive content analysis, followed by negative binomial regression modeling, to examine differences in engagement between message structures defined by focus and scope. Study 2 featured an inductive content analysis to investigate differences in engagement between different types of activations. The findings suggest that, in general, more passive (or less overt) forms of sponsor integration in social media messages drive more engagement among followers.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Real Estate Crowdfunding: Success Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Borrero-Domínguez ◽  
Encarnación Cordón-Lagares ◽  
Rocío Hernández-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing the success of real estate crowdfunding projects in Spain. This type of crowdfunding invests in real estate assets. We analyzed 60 projects published on the Housers platform, a kind of participative platform that uses the lending and equity crowdfunding modalities. These projects have involved around 36,623 investment decisions and have raised a total amount of almost 26 million euros. The empirical analysis is based on ordinary least squares and negative binomial regression. Our main findings reveal that success differs depending on the type of project; in fact, buy-to-sell projects are less successful than development loan projects. In addition, while total return has a positive impact on project success, in the case of risk level and project term, the impact is negative.

Twitter and Facebook: Populists’ double-barreled gun?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-633
Author(s):  
Kristof Jacobs ◽  
Linn Sandberg ◽  
Niels Spierings
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Content Analyses

Social media are said to be a core driver of populists’ current success. Yet, our knowledge of how populist politicians use social media is limited. We argue that they can use Twitter and Facebook, politically the most important platforms, as a “double-barreled gun,” each serving a different target. Based on the architecture of the platforms and the populist ideology, we expect that Twitter is used to name and shame journalists publicly, Facebook to activate anger among citizens. Both types of use are examined by studying the Members of Parliament (MPs) of Austria, The Netherlands, and Sweden. We collected 9852 tweets for the 475 MPs on Twitter and 10,355 Facebook posts from the 287 MPs with a Facebook Page. Using negative binomial regression and content analyses, we find that populists seem eager to activate anger. They are not more likely to @-mention media accounts, but “shame” them roughly three times more often.

scholarly journals International hostility and aggressiveness on the soccer pitch: Evidence from European Championships and World Cups for the period 2000–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Caruso ◽  
Marco Di Domizio
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Aggressive Attitude ◽  
Economic Interactions ◽  
Education Gap

Some researchers consider soccer matches as the stylization of a war in other battlefields. Such an approach has largely been used to interpret the violent phenomena related to the soccer environment, while less attention has been paid to the potential role of political and economic interactions between countries in determining the aggressive attitude of players on the pitch. In our paper we empirically investigate whether and how political hostility among countries reverberates on a soccer pitch by influencing players’ aggressiveness. The analysis focuses on official matches played by national teams in the final phases of the European and World Cup tournaments since 2000. We estimate a negative binomial regression including both political and sport variables, and we find that (a) commercial hostility, (b) the level of diplomatic relationships, (c) power asymmetry and (d) education gap between countries are positively and significantly associated with aggressiveness of the players on the pitch, approximated by the number of yellow and red cards. That is, briefly stated, international hostility reverberates onto the pitch. Moreover, sport covariates present the expected signs, namely, results show that the closeness of the teams, their ranking and the stage of the game (knockout stages with respect to the group phases) are also crucial in determining the cautions.

The Role of Personality in the Initiation of Communication Situations

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Frederickx ◽  
Joeri Hofmans
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Whereas a small number of studies have focused on the impact of extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism on the way people communicate, little is known about how the big five personality traits relate to individual differences in the specific types of communication-related situations selected in daily life. For a period of five days, people were asked to report on the types of conversations they initiated earlier that day (N = 168). Multilevel negative binomial regression analysis showed that the specific types of conversations initiated in daily life can be predicted by individual differences in extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. As such, the results show that individual differences in personality are not only reflected in the way people behave once they communicate, but also in the situations that people report to select in daily life.

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