scholarly journals Understanding the changing television market: A comparison of the macroeconomy of the United States, United Kingdom and Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 135485652110282
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Lotz ◽  
Anna Potter ◽  
Catherine Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Scale ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Digital Disruption ◽  
Television Market ◽  
Policy Solutions

The business of television has been transformed by digital distribution and internationalisation. The implications of these changes vary based on a range of structural dynamics such as national scale, language and pre-existing norms tied to particular macroeconomic conditions, of which, the balance of funding is key. This article looks beyond the general sense of crisis tied to digital disruption to investigate the macroeconomic conditions that shape how national television industries are able to adapt and respond to the disruption. Although disruption is universal, different macroeconomic conditions enable different industrial impacts and possible policy solutions. The article uses comparative analysis of three English language countries with very distinctive television ecologies to reveal the under-acknowledged role macroeconomic features – particularly the advent of new tools for advertising – play in shaping the options and opportunities for national industries going forward.

Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette W. Langdon ◽  
Terry Irvine Saenz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

scholarly journals Proving Chinese Law in the Courts of the United States

Amicus Curiae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-215
Author(s):  
Richard K Wagner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
The Us

The volume of disputes heard by United States (US) courts containing a China element continues to be robust even against a backdrop of political rhetoric concerning an economic ‘de-coupling’ of the US and China. These cross-border disputes often involve Chinese parties and special issues, some of which concern Chinese business culture, but many of which involve interpreting questions of Chinese law. How is proving Chinese law accomplished in these cases and how have US courts performed in interpreting Chinese law? This article first discusses the approach to proving Chinese law in US courts. While expert testimony is often submitted and can be valuable to a US court, the applicable US rule offers no standards by which these opinions are to be judged. And, in the China context, without specific guidance, it can be challenging for a judge, unaccustomed with China or the Chinese legal system to determine which version of the law to believe. Moreover, under the applicable rule, the US court can simply ignore competing Chinese law opinions and conduct its own Chinese law legal research, presumably using English language sources. This can lead to interesting interpretations of Chinese law to say the least. The article anchors its discussion in an examination of those recent cases which have interpreted Article 277 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. This is the legal provision of Chinese law that can be implicated in certain situations involving cross-border discovery, and there are now numerous Article 277 cases among the reported US decisions. The article analyses Article 277 by placing it within the larger context of Chinese civil procedure and argues that the language used in the provision has a special meaning within Chinese evidence law that has been obscured in those US case decisions interpreting it, leading to erroneous results. The article concludes by offering judges and practitioners some suggestions for interpreting Chinese law in future US cases. Keywords: Chinese law; US courts; Article 277; deposition; cross-border discovery; Hague Evidence Convention; Chinese civil procedure.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Equity Among Policy Solutions for Traffic Congestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Steakley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Flat Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Evaluative Criteria ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Policy Solutions

The emergence of ride-hailing in the United States has brought forth new issues for its cities, particularly a large influx of traffic congestion. Today, several cities have introduced distinct ideas to solve congestion issues while debating their implications for equity. This paper examines the equity implications of traffic congestion in America'•s cities by comparing a flat tax rate on ride-hailing to various road pricing mechanisms using specific evaluative criteria, including transportation access and vertical equity. This paper begins with an overview of ride-hailing in the United States and the congestion problem it poses for cities, then reviews the literature around congestion and equity, describes and assesses the equity of a flat tax rate and road pricing, and ends with broad implications resourced from the literature for future policy.

XXIII.—The Development of Brief Narrative in Modern French Literature: A Statement of the Problem

PMLA ◽  
1917 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-597
Author(s):  
Horatio E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Henry James ◽  
French Literature ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The World ◽  
Bret Harte

Brief narrative, at first thought, connotes the abridged fiction of low grade with which American magazines are now saturated; but as soon as the term is used to cover the whole field in modern literature, it calls to mind a genre which, under various names, has risen to a position of dignity in many places in the world and has worthily engaged the attention of literary historians, particularly in America and in Germany.The chief features in the development of the form in the United States and England have been discussed at length, and there is now a definitive record, with abundant bibliographical apparatus, of its evolution. Poe is looked upon as the pioneer, and his perpetually quoted definition (1842) has set a standard for the majority of the practitioners of the art in the English language. The form suggests, for America, such experts as Hawthorne, Bret Harte, and Henry James; in England it does not gain the attention of writers of the first magnitude until near the end of the century, in the persons of Stevenson and Kipling.

Community Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 489-503
Author(s):  
Ramona S. McNeal ◽  
Susan M. Kunkle ◽  
Mary Schmeida
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Board ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Online Aggression ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Policy Solutions

The United States has a federal system. One advantage of a federal system is that it can encourage competition among the states resulting in the testing of new policy solutions and the diffusion of best practices. This holds true for online aggression policy, particularly those addressing cyberbullying. This chapter begins with a discussion of the literature on strategies being adopted at the school board level to limit the spread of cyberbullying. It concludes with an overview of current evaluation research comparing recent policies being implemented by local schools.

Roadblocks

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Allan Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Public ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neutral Object ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Gradual Expansion

For the most part, the gradual expansion of the meaning of “guy” to include everyone, male and female and GLBTQ, has slipped by without particular notice by the general public, and even by linguists. There’s no mystery about Guy Fawkes being the starting point that leads as far from that beginning as groups of women calling each other “you guys,” but neither is there much interest—except in two quarters that object: the feminist movement and the Old South of the United States. Feminists who want the inherently sexist English language to become gender neutral object to the expansion of “guys” to include women as well as men. As a result, some people try to avoid “guys,” though the alternatives aren’t that obvious, at best a plain “you all.” The other objection comes from Southerners, who don’t so much object to “guys” as keep to their well-established older alternative “y’all.” The boundary between “guys” or “you guys” and “y’all” has remained firm for the last century, perhaps getting its strength as one last means of holding the line against the northern states.

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