Remote Interpretation of Microbiology Specimens Based on Transmitted Still Images

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akselsen ◽  
G Hartviksen ◽  
L Vorland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Micro Organisms

A pilot study was carried out to examine the feasibility of the remote interpretation of microbiology specimens, that is, micro-organisms grown on agar in Petri dishes. The objective of our study was to decide whether still images contained enough information for microbiology specialists to identify the microorganisms accurately. A representative sample of microbiology specimens grown on the most commonly used agar media was used. Still images were captured using a video camera and a PC-based system. The results from a pilot study with the first video camera were discouraging, the interpretations differing in five out of 22 specimens; results with a second video camera were also disappointing. Images were then captured on photographic film, at a considerably higher resolution than images captured by the digitizer board in the PC. Again, however, the results were disappointing. We conclude that interpretation of microbiology specimens based exclusively on visual information is problematical. Remote microbiology interpretation in the future will require images of higher information content (e.g., including three-dimensional information), and will probably require additional information as well, from other senses, such as smell.

Visual information processing: the structure and creation of visual representations

1980 ◽  
Vol 290 (1038) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Primal Sketch ◽  
The World ◽  
Intensity Changes

For human vision to be explained by a computational theory, the first question is plain: What are the problems that the brain solves when we see? It is argued that vision is the construction of efficient symbolic descriptions from images of the world. An important aspect of vision is therefore the choice of representations for the different kinds of information in a visual scene. An overall framework is suggested for extracting shape information from images, in which the analysis proceeds through three representations: (1) the primal sketch, which makes explicit the intensity changes and local two-dimensional geometry of an image; (2) the 2 1/2-D sketch, which is a viewercentred representation of the depth, orientation and discontinuities of the visible surfaces; and (3) the 3-D model representation, which allows an object-centred description of the three-dimensional structure and organization of a viewed shape. The critical act in formulating computational theories for processes capable of constructing these representations is the discovery of valid constraints on the way the world behaves, that provide sufficient additional information to allow recovery of the desired characteristic. Finally, once a computational theory for a process has been formulated, algorithms for implementing it may be designed, and their performance compared with that of the human visual processor.

scholarly journals Mathematical analysis of bio-convective micropolar nanofluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Khan ◽  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Shooting Method ◽  
Stretching Sheet ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Convection Flow ◽  
Micropolar Nanofluid ◽  
Exponentially Stretching ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract The present investigation concentrates on three dimensional unsteady forced bio-convection flow of a viscous fluid. An incompressible flow of a micropolar nanofluid encloses micro-organisms past an exponentially stretching sheet with magnetic field is analyzed. By employing convenient transformation the partial differential equations are converted into the ordinary differential equations which are non-linear. By using shooting method to solved these equations numerically. The influence of the determining parameters on the velocity, temperature, micro-rotation, nanoparticle volume fraction, microorganism are incorporated. The skin friction, heat transfer rate, and the microorganism rate are analyzed. The results depicts that the value of the wall shear stress and Nusselt number are declined while an enhancement take place in the microorganism number. The slip parameters increases the velocity, thermal energy, and microorganism number consequentially. The present investigation are important in improving achievement of microbial fuel cells.

Reproduction of Object Shape is More Accurate without the Continued Availability of Visual Information

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel-Ange Amorim ◽  
Jack M Loomis ◽  
Sergio S Fukusima
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Stimulus Configuration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Distant Stimulus ◽  
Perspective Change ◽  
Visual Presence ◽  
Viewpoint Change ◽  
Actual Change

An unfamiliar configuration lying in depth and viewed from a distance is typically seen as foreshortened. The hypothesis motivating this research was that a change in an observer's viewpoint even when the configuration is no longer visible induces an imaginal updating of the internal representation and thus reduces the degree of foreshortening. In experiment 1, observers attempted to reproduce configurations defined by three small glowing balls on a table 2 m distant under conditions of darkness following ‘viewpoint change’ instructions. In one condition, observers reproduced the continuously visible configuration using three other glowing balls on a nearer table while imagining standing at the distant table. In the other condition, observers viewed the configuration, it was then removed, and they walked in darkness to the far table and reproduced the configuration. Even though the observers received no additional information about the stimulus configuration in walking to the table, they were more accurate (less foreshortening) than in the other condition. In experiment 2, observers reproduced distant configurations on a nearer table more accurately when doing so from memory than when doing so while viewing the distant stimulus configuration. In experiment 3, observers performed both the real and imagined perspective change after memorizing the remote configuration. The results of the three experiments indicate that the continued visual presence of the target configuration impedes imaginary perspective-change performance and that an actual change in viewpoint does not increase reproduction accuracy substantially over that obtained with an imagined change in viewpoint.

Study on Magnetic Barrel Machine Equipped with Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Magnets

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Masato Yoshioka ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Hira
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up

At present, a commercially available magnetic barrel machine equipped with permanent magnets has some faults arising from constructional reason. That is, grinding or finishing ability is different from place to place in the machining region, resulting in the limitation on the region we can use in the container of workpieces. Therefore, in this research, authors made the new magnetic barrel machine equipped with three dimensional (3D) magnet arrangement to overcome these faults. The grinding ability of the new 3D magnetic barrel machine converted was experimentally examined, and compared with that of the traditional magnetic barrel machine. As a result, it was shown that we can use much broader region in the new 3D machine. It was also shown that the grinding ability became higher. The distribution of barrel media in action was recorded by means of a high speed video camera. It was clarified that the media rose up higher and were distributed more uniformly in the container by the effect of the magnet block newly set up. It was supposed that this must be the reason for the above-mentioned improvement of grinding ability.

Impact of Three-Dimensional Printed Pelvicaliceal System Models on Residents' Understanding of Pelvicaliceal System Anatomy Before Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy Surgery: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Anıl Atalay ◽  
Volkan Ülker ◽  
İlter Alkan ◽  
Halil Lütfi Canat ◽  
Ünsal Özkuvancı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
System Models ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

scholarly journals Accumulation of motile elongated micro-organisms in turbulence

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caijuan Zhan ◽  
Gaetano Sardina ◽  
Enkeleida Lushi ◽  
Luca Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Prolate Spheroids ◽  
Linear Shear ◽  
Local Shear ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects ◽  
Preferential Alignment

AbstractWe study the effect of turbulence on marine life by performing numerical simulations of motile micro-organisms, modelled as prolate spheroids, in isotropic homogeneous turbulence. We show that the clustering and patchiness observed in laminar flows, linear shear and vortex flows, are significantly reduced in a three-dimensional turbulent flow mainly because of the complex topology; elongated micro-organisms show some level of clustering in the case of swimmers without any preferential alignment whereas spherical swimmers remain uniformly distributed. Micro-organisms with one preferential swimming direction (e.g. gyrotaxis) still show significant clustering if spherical in shape, whereas prolate swimmers remain more uniformly distributed. Due to their large sensitivity to the local shear, these elongated swimmers react more slowly to the action of vorticity and gravity and therefore do not have time to accumulate in a turbulent flow. These results show how purely hydrodynamic effects can alter the ecology of micro-organisms that can vary their shape and their preferential orientation.

scholarly journals Cuttlefish use stereopsis to strike at prey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. eaay6036 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Feord ◽  
M. E. Sumner ◽  
S. Pusdekar ◽  
L. Kalra ◽  
P. T. Gonzalez-Bellido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Cephalopod Species ◽  
Left And Right

The camera-type eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods exhibit remarkable convergence, but it is currently unknown whether the mechanisms for visual information processing in these brains, which exhibit wildly disparate architecture, are also shared. To investigate stereopsis in a cephalopod species, we affixed “anaglyph” glasses to cuttlefish and used a three-dimensional perception paradigm. We show that (i) cuttlefish have also evolved stereopsis (i.e., the ability to extract depth information from the disparity between left and right visual fields); (ii) when stereopsis information is intact, the time and distance covered before striking at a target are shorter; (iii) stereopsis in cuttlefish works differently to vertebrates, as cuttlefish can extract stereopsis cues from anticorrelated stimuli. These findings demonstrate that although there is convergent evolution in depth computation, cuttlefish stereopsis is likely afforded by a different algorithm than in humans, and not just a different implementation.

scholarly journals Investigation of Flow Behavior around Corotating Blades in a Double-Spindle Lawn Mower Deck

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chon ◽  
R. S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Level Meter

When the airflow patterns inside a lawn mower deck are understood, the deck can be redesigned to be efficient and have an increased cutting ability. To learn more, a combination of computational and experimental studies was performed to investigate the effects of blade and housing designs on a flow pattern inside a1.1mwide corotating double-spindle lawn mower deck with side discharge. For the experimental portion of the study, air velocities inside the deck were measured using a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system. A high-speed video camera was used to observe the flow pattern. Furthermore, noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. For the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) work, several arbitrary radial sections of a two-dimensional blade were selected to study flow computations. A three-dimensional, full deck model was also developed for realistic flow analysis. The computational results were then compared with the experimental results.

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