Issues of clinical and cultural competence in Caribbean migrants

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Hickling ◽  
Vanessa Paisley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Therapeutic Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Very High

The level of out-migration from the Caribbean is very high, with migration of tertiary-level educated populations from Caribbean countries being the highest in the world. Many clinicians in receiving countries have had limited diagnostic and therapeutic experience with Caribbean migrants, resulting in diagnostic and therapeutic controversies. There is an urgent need for better understanding of these cultural differences. The paper explores issues of clinical and cultural competence relevant to assessing, diagnosing, and treating Caribbean migrants with a focus on three areas: cultural influences on illness phenomenology; the role of language differences in clinical misunderstandings; and the complexities of culture and migration. Clinical issues are illustrated with case studies culled from four decades of clinical experience of the first author, an African Jamaican psychiatrist who has worked in the Caribbean, North America, Europe, and New Zealand.

scholarly journals Techniques for Interpreting English Proverbs into Arabic

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Tareq Assaqaf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
Arabic And English

Interpretation plays a role of a paramount significance in sending and receiving messages between people all over the world. It is of vital significance in the international conferences, symposiums and workshops where the meaning must be transferred and exchanged among the participants. In fact, proverbs are considered as one of the most important elements which are used in speech and need to be exchanged among nations around the globe. However, interpreters usually encounter some challenges in interpreting proverbs from English to Arabic or vice versa due to the cultural differences between Arabic and English as well as the lack of equivalents for some proverbs. This study investigates the techniques of interpreting the English proverbs from English to Arabic. The data of this study are collected from two basic well-known dictionaries, namely, the Lamps of Experience: a Collection of English Proverbs by Ba’alabaki (1980) and a Dictionary of Proverbs: English – Arabic by Kilani and Ashour (1991). The analysis of data reveals that many useful techniques can be used for the interpretation of proverbs. Such techniques are highlighted and graded based on their own priorities. The present study provides recommendations for interpreters, translators, researchers which might improve the quality of interpretation and translation of proverbs from English to Arabic or vice versa.        

Creativity Through the Eyes of Professional Artists in Cuba, Germany, and Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dominik Güss ◽  
Ma. Teresa Tuason ◽  
Noemi Göltenboth ◽  
Anastasia Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Emotional Process ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Fluid Process

Creativity plays an important role in the advancement of all societies around the world, yet the role of cultural influences on creativity is still unclear. Following systems theory, activity theory, and ecocultural theory, semistructured interviews with 30 renowned artists (writers, composers, and visual artists) from Cuba, Germany, and Russia were conducted to explore the complexity of the creative process and potential cultural differences. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using consensual qualitative research methodology. The following eight main domains resulted from the interviews: How I became an artist, What being an artist means to me, Creating as a cognitive process, Creating as an emotional process, Creating as a motivational process, Fostering factors of creativity, Hindering factors, and The role of culture in creating. Artists in the three countries similarly talked about creativity being a fluid process where ideas change, and elaborated on the role of intuition and the unconscious when creating art. Meaningful cross-cultural differences were seen among the artists of three cultural backgrounds in terms of attitudes about financial instability, in how they perceive themselves, in their art’s societal function, in the cognitive and in the emotional process of creating, and in terms of social connectedness. Results highlight (a) the complexity of the creative process going beyond cognitive factors and including motivational, emotional, and sociocultural factors, and (b) the cultural differences in the creative process. Results are beneficial for further developing a comprehensive theory of the creative process taking cultural differences into consideration.

Cultural Perspectives on Parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
Judi Mesman ◽  
Rosanneke A. G. Emmen
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
Majority Groups

This chapter focuses on cultural influences on parenting, examining patterns across countries, but also within countries in different ethnic groups. Whereas forms vary, two broad functions of parenting practices can be consistently identified across cultural contexts: establishing a relational bond providing safety and security in infancy (commonly referred to as attachment), and transmitting culturally appropriate behavior, knowledge, and skills throughout the childhood years. The chapter then looks at the role of culture in ethnic minority parenting, which has unique features that are different from those in ethnic majority groups. It concludes by reflecting on the state of the research field of culture and parenting, and directions for the future. Given the high cultural diversity in many urban regions in the world where professionals deal with families from all over the world, and the frequent “export” of parenting interventions from the West to other parts of the world, the field would benefit enormously from investing in mixed-methods studies examining these processes in situations where cultures meet, and where it is not immediately clear which cultural norms should prevail.

Perception of journalists reporting in conflict zones: Labour situation, working conditions and main challenges in information coverage in contexts of violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 175063522097100
Author(s):  
Santiago Tejedor ◽  
Laura Cervi ◽  
Fernanda Tusa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Governmental Control ◽  
Information Coverage

A total of 324 journalists have been killed in the world in the last decade. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the situation is alarming. Based on these statistics, this work presents an investigation with journalists from 10 countries. Based on in-depth interviews and the Delphi method, the study explores professionals’ perspectives about violence against journalists, pointing out the challenges for women, the role of independent media together with journalists’ networks and an increasing concern about governmental control over information.

Eating the World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Goucher
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Dinner Table ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Indigenous Foods

This essay follows the iguana, an indigenous genus of herbivorous lizards, to the Caribbean dinner table, from the fifteenth century to the present. Inspired by historian Jerry Bentley’s scholarly contributions to questions of cultural encounters, the essay argues for the importance of indigenous foods in complex, often ambiguous, and consistently nuanced processes of cultural interactions between indigenous peoples and transplanted Europeans, Asians, and Africans. The story of how and why the iguana consistently appeared in the region’s foodways provides a critical perspective on the history of globalization in the Atlantic world. Mapping the variety of these culinary experiences can also reveal insights into the Caribbean’s changing ecology and the role of indigenous beliefs and African interpretations in the eco-cultural encounters that reshaped the flavors and choices of the region.

Uprooted Speakers’ Grassroots English: Metalinguistic Perspectives of Asylum Seekers in Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
Axel Bohmann
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
British English ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Differential Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Group Functions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dancehall Culture

This chapter discusses metalinguistic discourse produced by asylum seekers from English-speaking West Africa in Germany, with a focus on the role of English in participants’ communicative environment and the values and affordances ascribed to different varieties of English. The chapter argues that, in this specific context, a) English loses much of its communicative range but retains important identity-related functions, and b) the values associated with different varieties of English reflect global relationships in the World system of Englishes. African varieties are linked to in-group functions and receive differential evaluation, with Nigerian English being constructed as more standard-distant than Ghanaian English, whereas the English of German interlocutors is associated with the prestige varieties American and British English. Particularly surprising is the frequent equation of Gambian English with Jamaican ways of speech, a pattern accounted for not in terms of linguistic similarity but of the global circulation of reggae and dancehall culture. The chapter thus contributes to the sociolinguistics of globalization and the study of language, mobility, and migration.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of American and Japanese Experiences of Personal and Vicarious Shame

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwako Yamawaki ◽  
Matthew P. Spackman ◽  
W. Gerrod Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Vicarious Shame ◽  
Culture And Language

The purpose of this study was to examine cultural influences on shame. In particular, the focus was to assess the influence of the following factors on the object of shame (specifically, personal vs. vicarious shame): (1) the effect of individualism/collectivism, measured by a widely used standardized measurement; (2) the role of tightness/looseness (based on ecological factors); and (3) the patterns of within- and between-cultural differences and similarities. Data were collected from two American and two Japanese universities to test within- and between-cultural influences on the object of shame. Participants were asked to describe and rate three autobiographical experiences of shame, with each successive request being increasingly specific in asking for shame about something for which the participant did not feel responsible. Cultural differences in tightness and looseness, both within and between the two nations, were predictive of the likelihood that participants would report vicarious shame. In contrast, standard measures of individualism-collectivism did not predict these differences. These findings suggest that culture affects the object of shame. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, attitudinal measures of individualism/collectivism were not a significant predictor. Rather, tightness/looseness determined by ecological factors was the better predictor of some cultural differences on the object of shame. Furthermore, these findings imply that attitudinal measures of individualism/collectivism may not agree with ecological measures, and that including multiple samples from each language/nation effectively reduces the confound between culture and language.

scholarly journals HIV Infection in the Caribbean

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
V W Wheeler ◽  
K W Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The Caribbean is a multi-ethnic region with many different cultural differences. The majority of the population is of African descent, but there are also other ethnic groups present such as Indians, Chinese, Syrians and Europeans. The Caribbean region is influenced by countries such as the USA, Great Britain, France and Holland. The countries of the Caribbean have a serious problem with HIV infection and AIDS. The epidemiology of HIV infection in this region, is different from most other parts of the world in that the mode of spread does not easily fit into any of the three WHO patterns. This review shows that the infection initially started in the homosexual/bisexual community, but since then, it has moved to the heterosexual population and this form of contact is now the main mode of transmission of the virus. The Governments of the Caribbean countries have realized the extent of the problem and have taken measures to try to control the epidemic.

scholarly journals Structural transformation of Portuguese exports and the role of foreign-owned firms: a descriptive analysis for the period 1995-2005

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Lebre De Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Paes Mamede
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Very High

In this paper we use a recent measure of the “income level of a country’s exports” proposed by Hausmann et al. (2007) to characterize the structure of the Portuguese export basket, its recent evolution and the role of foreign-owned firms in this process. We find that between 1995 and 2005 the improvement in the “income content” of the Portuguese export basket relative to the world average was achieved through an above-average “structural transformation effect” that more than offset a bellow-average effect of having a significant share of products exposed to an increasing competition from emerging economies. We find that the weight of exports with “high” and “very high” income content increased considerably in this period, with these two classes explaining more than one half of the total export growth. Analysing the presence of foreign-owned firms in different industries, we find a higher than average share of foreign affiliated firms in products with “High” and “Very High” income content. These and other pieces of evidence suggest that foreign-owned firms have played a relevant role both in the growth of Portuguese exports and in the increase of their income content.

scholarly journals The Cultural Differences in the Perception and Application of Crisis Management in Tourism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marica Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Organizational Learning Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Health Situation

During the COVID 2019 outbreak countries in the world reacted to the epidemic situation differently. These discrepancies were based on the cultural differences and the reactions of public sector to deal organizationally and financially with these negative externalities, which can damage also tourism businesses. In this book chapter has been explained the differences in the reactions of Eastern cultures and Western cultures and their hierarchical approach to the decision-making process. The methodological approach to this book chapter and its content is based on the use of concepts rooted in the studies of applied models of crisis management and the application of several case studies from Europe, Asia and North America, where has been discussed the preparedness of public sector to bear a risk and to act effectively during COVID-19 outbreak. A discussion comprises cultural differences and their impact on health situation and the role of media as well as the organizational learning culture.

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