scholarly journals Distribution of wealth-stratified inequalities on maternal and child health parameters and influences of maternal-related factors on improvements in child health survival rate in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352090966
Author(s):  
Rashidul Alam Mahumud ◽  
Jeff Gow ◽  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker ◽  
Marufa Sultana ◽  
Golam Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Health Parameters

This study investigates the influence of household socioeconomic status and maternal risk factors and health-care service availability on changes in the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in Bangladesh. Potential risk factors that influence U5MRs were investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis and 29,697 data points from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, 2004–2014. Maternal and child health parameters such as childhood morbidity, low vaccination coverage, poor utilization of perinatal care, and malnutrition were found to be more concentrated in poorer households. Pooled estimates indicated that the aggregate odds of U5MR risk declined by 18% to 2007 to 38% to 2014 compared to 2004. However, inadequate antenatal care, short birth interval, primiparity, illiteracy, delayed conception, and low socioeconomic status were significantly associated with a higher risk of under-five mortality. The magnitude of inequality using these measures were significantly associated with large variations in U5MR changes. Although a significant reduction in U5MR in Bangladesh was found in this study, substantial socioeconomic variations still persist. The analysis suggests that decreasing inequality in society is required for further reductions in child mortality. This will help to achieve a more equitable distribution of child and neonatal outcomes and assist the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 3.2 by 2030.

scholarly journals Impact of measles supplementary immunisation activities on utilisation of maternal and child health services in low-income and middle-income countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e000466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Postolovska ◽  
Stéphane Helleringer ◽  
Margaret E Kruk ◽  
Stéphane Verguet
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
And Child Health

BackgroundMeasles supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) are an integral component of measles elimination in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite their success in increasing vaccination coverage, there are concerns about their negative consequences on routine services. Few studies have conducted quantitative assessments of SIA impact on utilisation of health services.MethodsWe analysed the impact of SIAs on utilisation of selected maternal and child health services using Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 28 LMICs, where at least one SIA occurred over 2000–2014. Logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the association between SIAs and utilisation of the following services: facility delivery, postnatal care and outpatient sick child care (for fever, diarrhoea, cough).ResultsSIAs do not appear to significantly impact utilisation of maternal and child services. We find a reduction in care-seeking for treatment of child cough (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.95); and a few significant effects at the country level, suggesting the need for further investigation of the idiosyncratic effects of SIAs in each country.ConclusionThe paper contributes to the debate on vertical versus horizontal programmes to ensure universal access to vaccination. Measles SIAs do not seem to affect care-seeking for critical conditions.

scholarly journals Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ofHaemophilus influenzaefrom Nasopharynx of Children under Five Years Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Daniel Omoding ◽  
Joel Bazira
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health

Background. H. influenzaeremains an organism of a major public health challenge worldwide despite the availability of the Hib vaccine, particularly among children under 5 years. Information on the current carriage status and antibiotic susceptibility is key on proper health-care provision. Therefore, we conducted a study to determineH. influenzaecarriage rate and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates among the children.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2018, among clinically healthy children under five years attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). We carried out standard microbiology methods to culture, isolate, and identifyH. influenzae, and then, we tested for their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics following the CLSI standards.Results. Of the 248 participants included in the study, 116 (46.77%) were females and 132 (53.23%) males and 78 (31.45%) were below the age of 3 months. Fifty one of the study participants hadH. influenzaein their nasopharynx, which represents 20.56% carriage (95% CI 15.49 to 25.63). There was a general high susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents commonly used. There was 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and imipenem antibiotic agents, though 6 (11.76%) and 4 (7.84%) of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, respectively.Conclusion. The high burden presented byH. influenzaeand the resultant impact on child health require much attention to prevention of infections associated with the organism. A well-funded molecular study focusing on typing the isolates would determine the impact of the vaccine, given the carriage rates are still high.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR PREMATURE BIRTH IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hafiza Ajeng Dianing Sukma ◽  
Sagar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
And Child Health

Indonesia is currently taking on the challenge of the relatively high number of neonatal deaths influencing maternal and child health. Premature birth is the most significant contributor to the number of neonatal deaths. The occurrence of premature birth is motivated by various risk factors. Knowing the magnitude of the relationship between several risks, namely maternal age, location, parity, and maternal smoking habits with preterm birth incidents was the aim of this study. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) was a source of data used. This study employed a cross-sectional approach and then processed the results with univariate and bivariate tests. The results showed a relationship between maternal age and residential area with the premature birth, where mothers under 20 years and over 35 years had a higher probability of giving birth prematurely. The area of residence, which was divided into rural and urban, also had a relationship with premature birth. The parity and smoking habits showed no association with preterm birth. Education, Antenatal Care (ANC), and other various efforts to emphasize maternal and child health care during pregnancy need to be continuously improved to reduce preterm birth rates in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Preterm Birth in a Brazilian Maternal and Child Health Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Medeiros Bianca Karenina Brito de ◽  
Cornetta Maria da Conceição ◽  
Crispim Janaína de Oliveira ◽  
Cobucci Ricardo Ney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Health Hospital

scholarly journals Factors of Having Difficulties Raising 3-Year-Old Children in Japan: Usefulness of Maternal and Child Health Information Accumulated by the Local Government

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tagawa ◽  
Miwako Tsunematsu ◽  
Masayuki Kakehashi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Child Health

Background: Difficulties raising children may be associated with depressive tendencies and abuse by parents, for which maternal and child health information may be useful. We clarified factors related to difficulties in raising children at the time of the 3-year-old child health checkup. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. We used maternal and child health information collected from the time of pregnancy notification until the 3-year-old child health checkup. The subjects were the parents of 507 children who were born and eligible for the 3-year-old child health checkup between September 2013 and October 2017. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed. The dependent variable was “having difficulties raising children at the 3-year-old health checkup”. Result: Eleven factors were clarified as risk factors. Three major factors among them were having difficulties raising children at the 18-month-old checkup (adOR, 6.3; 95%CI, 3.0–13.9), actions are at the child’s own pace and adult instructions are difficult to follow at the 18-month-old health checkup (adOR, 5.0; 95%CI, 1.3–25.4), and EPDS score ≥ 2 (adOR, 3.4; 95%CI, 1.5–8.1). The AUC of this predictive model was 0.86. At a cutoff value of 0.387, the sensitivity was 79.7% and the specificity was 77.6%. Conclusion: Having difficulties raising children at the 3-year-old health checkup has factors from the time of pregnancy and requires continued support. It was possible and useful to use maternal and child health information when screening high-risk parents.

scholarly journals Lessons for responding to COVID-19, from Exemplars in Under-five Mortality Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Lisa R Hirschhorn ◽  
Nathaniel Gerthe ◽  
David E Phillips ◽  
Oliver Rothschild ◽  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
And Child Health

COVID-19 may not have the same direct effects on children as it does on older adults, but its indirect effects still pose a threat to child health, by disrupting delivery of routine health services like immunizations. This has happened during previous crises, and early indications point towards similar disruptions due to the coronavirus pandemic. To mitigate this, countries need to build resilient health systems capable of maintaining essential maternal and child health interventions, while also responding to COVID. How can this be accomplished? To find some answers, we can learn from countries in the past who improved health outcomes in the face of challenging circumstances. Specific to child health, countries with positive-outlier performance in reducing under-five mortality provide helpful strategies. These lessons include a clear national plan that drives rapid response, leveraging existing data systems to inform decision-making, engaging communities via community health workers, and focusing on equity. Today, countries around the world are facing the challenge of responding to the pandemic while building resilient health systems that continue to deliver invaluable maternal and child health services. Studying lessons from previous success stories can help inform the road ahead.

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