scholarly journals Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ofHaemophilus influenzaefrom Nasopharynx of Children under Five Years Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Daniel Omoding ◽  
Joel Bazira
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health

Background. H. influenzaeremains an organism of a major public health challenge worldwide despite the availability of the Hib vaccine, particularly among children under 5 years. Information on the current carriage status and antibiotic susceptibility is key on proper health-care provision. Therefore, we conducted a study to determineH. influenzaecarriage rate and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates among the children.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2018, among clinically healthy children under five years attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). We carried out standard microbiology methods to culture, isolate, and identifyH. influenzae, and then, we tested for their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics following the CLSI standards.Results. Of the 248 participants included in the study, 116 (46.77%) were females and 132 (53.23%) males and 78 (31.45%) were below the age of 3 months. Fifty one of the study participants hadH. influenzaein their nasopharynx, which represents 20.56% carriage (95% CI 15.49 to 25.63). There was a general high susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents commonly used. There was 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and imipenem antibiotic agents, though 6 (11.76%) and 4 (7.84%) of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, respectively.Conclusion. The high burden presented byH. influenzaeand the resultant impact on child health require much attention to prevention of infections associated with the organism. A well-funded molecular study focusing on typing the isolates would determine the impact of the vaccine, given the carriage rates are still high.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Deteksi Dini Perkembangan Anak Usia Balita Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Ibu Dalam Melakukan Deteksi Dini Perkembangan Anak di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Sikumana, Kota Kupang

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Agustina Agustina ◽  
Mariana Oni Betan
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health

Early childhood is the "golden period" of child development, the window of opportunity and the critical period. This period is a sensitive period, a period of rapid and important growth and development. If there is a drift of growth and not detected early then it will affect the growth of the next flower (Siswanto, 2010). Based on data from East Nusa Tenggara Health Profile (2010), early detection in children under five in Kupang City was 1,506 children (9.3%) of 16,121 children under five. Research Ina A., 2014, in Kota Kupang, found 19 respondents experiencing development deviations. Existing phenomenon in the field rarely found early detection activities of child development in Maternal and Child Health Services. Assessment of progress with KPSP is easy to do as long as you know how. This study aims to analyze the influence of health education on early detection of the child under five development of children towards improving mother's knowledge and skill in early detection of child development, at Maternal and Child Health Services, health center of Sikumana, Kupang City ". This type of research is experimental with one group design pre-test and post-test design. The sample size was 44 people, ie 22 treatment and 22 no treatment. Random sampling. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of health education on early detection of the development of children under five on improving mother's knowledge and skills in early detection of child development, in Maternal and Child Health Services Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City "with p = 0,000, for knowledge and p = 0,000 for skills.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and Factors Associated with Mortality among Children under Five Years Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition in the Nutritional Unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Desire Banga ◽  
Melvis Baren ◽  
Namale Vivian Ssonko ◽  
Franck Katembo Sikakulya ◽  
Yves Tibamwenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Children Under 5

Background. Mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition remains an immense health concern in the hospitals in developing countries, but its attributes are not completely assessed in various hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of mortality, the comorbidities, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among children under five years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda. Methods. This was a hospital-based analytical and descriptive prospective cohort study conducted in the nutritional unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A total of 338 children and their caretakers who met the criteria were consecutively enrolled into the study. Descriptive statistics were used to each of the independent factors, and comorbidities were subjected to chi-squared test followed by logistic regression analysis to assess its association incidence of mortality among children. All independent variables with p values ≤ 0.05 were entered into a multivariate model for factors and comorbidities independently. Factors and comorbidities with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered as associates of mortality among children. Results. Of the 338 children under 5 years of age enrolled, 49 (14.5%) died, although the majority of children were diagnosed with dehydration, 128 (37.9%); pneumonia, 127(37.6%); and malaria, 87(25.7%). Anemia ( aRR = 2.9 , 95% CI: 1.23-6.62, p = 0.01 ), bacteremia ( aRR = 10.0 , 95% CI: 3.62-29.01, p = 0.01 ), HIV ( aRR = 4.8 , 95% CI: 1.42-16.30, p < 0.01 ), TB ( aRR = 4.3 , 95% CI: 1.28-14.49, p < 0.02 ), and shock ( aRR = 60.9 , 95% CI: 9.05-410.28, p < 0.01 ) were the comorbidities significantly associated with a likelihood of mortality. Conclusions. The mortality among children under 5 years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition is still high (14.5% versus 5%). The comorbidities are significantly associated with mortality. The clinicians are recommended to follow-up closely patients with severe acute malnutrition and to focus on the critical comorbidities identified.

scholarly journals Distribution of wealth-stratified inequalities on maternal and child health parameters and influences of maternal-related factors on improvements in child health survival rate in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352090966
Author(s):  
Rashidul Alam Mahumud ◽  
Jeff Gow ◽  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker ◽  
Marufa Sultana ◽  
Golam Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Health Parameters

This study investigates the influence of household socioeconomic status and maternal risk factors and health-care service availability on changes in the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in Bangladesh. Potential risk factors that influence U5MRs were investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis and 29,697 data points from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, 2004–2014. Maternal and child health parameters such as childhood morbidity, low vaccination coverage, poor utilization of perinatal care, and malnutrition were found to be more concentrated in poorer households. Pooled estimates indicated that the aggregate odds of U5MR risk declined by 18% to 2007 to 38% to 2014 compared to 2004. However, inadequate antenatal care, short birth interval, primiparity, illiteracy, delayed conception, and low socioeconomic status were significantly associated with a higher risk of under-five mortality. The magnitude of inequality using these measures were significantly associated with large variations in U5MR changes. Although a significant reduction in U5MR in Bangladesh was found in this study, substantial socioeconomic variations still persist. The analysis suggests that decreasing inequality in society is required for further reductions in child mortality. This will help to achieve a more equitable distribution of child and neonatal outcomes and assist the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 3.2 by 2030.

scholarly journals Lessons for responding to COVID-19, from Exemplars in Under-five Mortality Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Lisa R Hirschhorn ◽  
Nathaniel Gerthe ◽  
David E Phillips ◽  
Oliver Rothschild ◽  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
And Child Health

COVID-19 may not have the same direct effects on children as it does on older adults, but its indirect effects still pose a threat to child health, by disrupting delivery of routine health services like immunizations. This has happened during previous crises, and early indications point towards similar disruptions due to the coronavirus pandemic. To mitigate this, countries need to build resilient health systems capable of maintaining essential maternal and child health interventions, while also responding to COVID. How can this be accomplished? To find some answers, we can learn from countries in the past who improved health outcomes in the face of challenging circumstances. Specific to child health, countries with positive-outlier performance in reducing under-five mortality provide helpful strategies. These lessons include a clear national plan that drives rapid response, leveraging existing data systems to inform decision-making, engaging communities via community health workers, and focusing on equity. Today, countries around the world are facing the challenge of responding to the pandemic while building resilient health systems that continue to deliver invaluable maternal and child health services. Studying lessons from previous success stories can help inform the road ahead.

scholarly journals Assessment of Maternal and Child Health Care Services Performance in The Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Evidence From Routine Service Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senedu Bekele Gebreegziabher ◽  
Solomon Sisay Marrye ◽  
Tsegaye Hailu Kumssa ◽  
Kassa Haile Merga ◽  
Alemu Kibret Feleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Management Information System ◽  
Under Five ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background In many settings, health care service provision has been modified to managing COVID-19 cases, and this has been affecting the provision of maternal and child health services. The aim of this study was to assess trends in selected maternal and child health services performance in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional data review was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April to May 2021. Routine health management information system database was reviewed from Addis Ababa Health Bureau for the period from July 2019 to March 2021 across all quarters. Proportions and mean with standard deviations were computed. T-test was used to assess statistically significant differences in services mean performance. Results PNC visit, new contraceptives accepters, safe abortion care and number of under-five years old children treated for pneumonia significantly decreased by 9.3% (p-value 0.04), 20.3% (p-value 0.004), 23.7% (p-value 0.01) and 77.2% (P-value < 0.001), respectively during the first eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous eight months’ average performance. The trends in ANC first visit, new contraceptive accepters, pentavalent-3 vaccination and under-five children treated for pneumonia began to decline between January-March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic began; with accelerated declines between April-June 2020 following national lockdown. The trends for the stated services began to increase during July-September 2020, during the last quarter of national lockdown. Contraceptive accepters and pentavalent-1 vaccination continued to decline and showed no recovery until January-March 2021when this study was completed. Conclusions Most of the maternal and child health services performance declined following the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown, and most of the services began recovering during July-September 2020, the last quarter of national lockdown. However, new and repeat contraceptive accepters and pentavalent-1 recipients continue to decline and show no recovery during end of the study period. Implementing COVID-19 prevention measures and assuring the community about the safety of service delivery is imperative to ensure continuity of the maternal and child health services. Regular monitoring and evaluation of services performance is required to identify slowly recovering services and respond to potentially volatile changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Improving Maternal and Child Health Care: A Blueprint for Community Action in Pittsburgh Region: Summary

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Alan Pincus ◽  
Stephen B. Thomas ◽  
Donna J. Keyser ◽  
Nicholas Castle ◽  
Jacob W. Dembosky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
And Child Health
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