Chicken or the egg? A cross-lagged panel analysis of group identification and group-based relative deprivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zubielevitch ◽  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Danny Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Group identification and group-based relative deprivation (GRD) are critical predictors of numerous group-oriented attitudes and behaviours. While social-identity-based approaches suggest that salient group identities increase social comparisons, empirical data bearing on the causal direction of the relationship between group identification and GRD are mixed. To resolve this inconsistency, we examined the cross-lagged effects of group identification on GRD—as well as the potential reverse causal pathway—using three annual waves of data from a nationally representative sample of ethnic minorities in New Zealand ( N = 5,115). Although we found evidence of a reciprocal relationship between variables, ethnic group identification had a stronger positive cross-lagged effect on ethnic GRD than vice versa, suggesting that social identity is an important antecedent to invidious group-based comparisons. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

The Psychology of Repression and Polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Group Identities

ABSTRACTHow does political polarization occur under repressive conditions? Drawing on psychological theories of social identity, the author posits that the nature of repression drives polarization. Repression alters group identities, changing the perceived distance between groups and ultimately shaping the level of affective and preference polarization between them through differentiation processes. The author tests the proposed causal relationship using mixed-method data and analysis.The results of a laboratory experiment reveal that exposure to a targeted repression prime results in greater in-group identification and polarization between groups, whereas exposure to a widespread prime results in decreased levels of these same measurements. The effect of the primes appears to be mediated through group identification. Case-study evidence of polarization between political opposition groups that were differently repressed in Egypt and Tunisia reinforces these results. The findings have implications for understanding how polarization, as conditioned by repression, may alter the likelihood of the cooperative behavior among opposition actors necessary for the success of democratic politics.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Depression Over Time: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Social Isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
Abhijit Visaria ◽  
Pildoo Sung ◽  
Angelique W M Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract It is well established that a strong social network is an important factor for successful ageing, specifically for promoting and maintaining psychological wellbeing at older ages. Strong social networks are a source of social support especially at a time of need, and can also help older adults remain connected, active, and engaged in group activities. In this study, we seek to better understand the underlying pathways in the relationship between social networks and depressive symptoms, specifically comparing the extent to which the relationship is mediated by the receipt of material/monetary support, relative to perceived social isolation. We use data from the Panel on Health and Aging of Singaporean Elderly, a nationally-representative study of older Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 60 years and older in 2009 (N=4990), with two follow-up surveys in 2011 (N=3103) and 2015 (N=1572). We conduct cross-lagged mediation analysis, and control for a number of potential confounders including cognitive function, chronic physical ailments, socioeconomic status, and demographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, and family size. Our preliminary analysis shows that a reciprocal relationship between social networks and depressive symptoms is mediated to a larger extent by social isolation compared to weaker social support.

Self-uncertainty and group identification: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice U. Choi ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Relationship

A key prediction of uncertainty-identity theory is that under conditions of high self-uncertainty, people will identify more strongly with their group. This has been supported by numerous studies. To quantify this relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted on 35 studies from 30 papers ( N = 4,657). The relationship between self-uncertainty and group identification varied significantly as a function of how psychologically real the uncertainty was, as reflected in how uncertainty was operationalized and how the study was conducted. Self-uncertainty operationalized as social identity uncertainty had the strongest relationship with identification ( r = −.26, 6.8% variance accounted for), followed by indirect operationalization of self-uncertainty ( r = .23, 5.3% variance accounted for), and direct operationalization of self-uncertainty ( r = .14, 2.0% variance accounted for). The relationship did not differ between measured self-uncertainty ( r = −.13, 1.7% variance accounted for) and manipulated self-uncertainty ( r = .17, 2.9% variance accounted for). Implications and future directions are discussed.

Deprivazione relativa e identitŕ sociale

2009 ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Massimo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deprivation Model ◽  
The Relationship

- This work analyzes the relationships between the Relative Deprivation Model and the Social Identity Theory. In the first part, different definitions of the concept of relative deprivation are presented, as well as its different typologies. In the second part, the theoretical and empirical links between the Relative Deprivation Modell and the processes of social identification are examined. Finally, the importance of the relationship between the two theories for the prevision of interindividual and intergroup strategies in social comparison is highlighted.

Group Identities and Experiences with Legal Authorities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

Black and white Americans hold vastly different explicit attitudes about law, justice, and the legal system. But to what extent are the views of blacks toward the legal system homogeneous? We argue that identities and experiences color the extent to which blacks exhibit high levels of support for the legal system. First, we discuss how both personal and vicarious experiences with the legal system vary among blacks, and explain how individuals who have had more negative experiences with the legal system may be less likely to support it. Second, drawing from a rich and developing literature on race and politics, we catalog variation in feelings of linked fate and group identification among blacks. Relying on a nationally-representative survey of blacks, we demonstrate that these two forms of group attachments are surprisingly different.

scholarly journals Advancing the Social Identity Theory of Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Leader Group Prototypicality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas K Steffens ◽  
Katie A Munt ◽  
Daan van Knippenberg ◽  
Michael J. Platow ◽  
S. Alex Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Formal Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

This research advances a social identity approach to leadership through a meta-analysis examining four novel hypotheses that clarify the nature and impact of leader group prototypicality (the extent to which a leader is perceived to embody shared social identity). A random-effects meta-analysis (k=128, N=32,834) reveals a moderate-to-large effect of prototypicality that holds across evaluative and behavioral outcomes. The effect is stronger (a) when prototypicality is conceptualized as the ideal-type rather than the average group member, (b) for stronger prototypes (indexed by group longevity), and (c) for group members in formal rather than non-formal leadership roles. The effect is not contingent on group prototypicality entailing differentiation from other (out)groups. Additionally, results provide meta-analytic evidence of widely examined key factors: follower group identification (which enhances the relationship) and leader group-serving behavior (which attenuates the relationship). Building on these findings, we outline the implications for the next wave of theoretical and empirical work.

scholarly journals Advancing the social identity theory of leadership: A meta-analytic review of leader group prototypicality

2020 ◽  
pp. 204138662096256
Author(s):  
Niklas K. Steffens ◽  
Katie A. Munt ◽  
Daan van Knippenberg ◽  
Michael J. Platow ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

This research advances a social identity approach to leadership through a meta-analysis examining four novel hypotheses that clarify the nature and impact of leader group prototypicality (the extent to which a leader is perceived to embody shared social identity). A random-effects meta-analysis ( k = 128, N = 32,834) reveals a moderate-to-large effect of prototypicality that holds across evaluative and behavioral outcomes. The effect is stronger (a) when prototypicality is conceptualized as the ideal-type rather than the average group member, (b) for stronger prototypes (indexed by group longevity), and (c) for group members in formal rather than nonformal leadership roles. The effect is not contingent on group prototypicality entailing differentiation from other (out)groups. Additionally, results provide meta-analytic evidence of widely examined key factors: follower group identification (which enhances the relationship) and leader group-serving behavior (which attenuates the relationship). Building on these findings, we outline the implications for the next wave of theoretical and empirical work.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Co-Workers’ Group Identification as Moderator of the Leadership-Health Link

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642110075
Author(s):  
Martin P. Fladerer ◽  
Sonja Kugler ◽  
Louisa G. Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Contextual Influence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the leadership-health link from a social identity perspective. It focuses on leadership behaviors that seek to form a strong shared social identity (i.e., identity leadership) and the contextual influence of co-workers’ group identification. In a sample of 319 members in 77 workgroups, data supports the indirect link of identity leadership and reduced symptoms of burnout via perceived social support. However, contrary to our expectation, high levels of co-workers’ group identification weakened the relationship of identity leadership and perceived social support. The implications of this finding for the understanding of leadership as a group process are discussed.

Working Hard to Achieve Self-Defining Group Goals: A Social Identity Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Fielding ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Group Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Substantial Effort

Summary: A social identity model of effort exertion in groups is presented. In contrast to most traditional research on productivity and performance motivation, the model is assumed to apply to groups of all sizes and nature, and to all membership contingent norms that specify group behaviors and goals. It is proposed that group identification renders behavior group-normative and encourages people to behave in line with group norms. The effect should be strengthened among people who most need consensual identity validation from fellow members, and in intergroup contexts where there is inescapable identity threat from an outgroup. Together these processes should encourage people to exert substantial effort on behalf of their group.

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