Feeling correct is feeling prejudiced: The differential effects of attitude correctness and attitude clarity on evaluations of outgroups

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022097275
Author(s):  
Zachary C. Roth ◽  
Kimberly Rios
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Attitude Certainty ◽  
Relationship Study

Global attitude certainty consists of two subconstructs: attitude clarity—certainty that one is aware of one’s true attitudes—and attitude correctness, certainty that one’s attitudes are morally correct and valid. Attitude correctness is more often associated with group-related psychological and behavioral outcomes than attitude clarity. As such, we expected that attitude correctness, but not attitude clarity, would be associated with more negative attitudes toward outgroups when group boundaries are defined by attitudes. Across four studies, greater attitude correctness related to more negative attitudes toward attitudinal outgroups regardless of context (e.g., political, religious); attitude clarity’s relationship to prejudice was inconsistent (Studies 1a and 2: positive or no relationship; Study 3: negative; Studies 1b and 4: no relationship). In Studies 2 and 3, mediational analyses showed that greater attitude correctness was associated with stronger beliefs that group boundaries are sharp and distinct (i.e., discreteness beliefs), which in turn was associated with greater prejudice. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated that the attitude correctness–prejudice link was associated with greater intention to engage in competitive behaviors in a conflict resolution scenario with an outgroup member.

Approach or Avoid? Exploring Overall Justice and the Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1857-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J. Barclay ◽  
Tina Kiefer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Overall Justice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

As empirical research exploring the relationship between justice and emotion has accumulated, there have been key questions that have remained unanswered and theoretical inconsistencies that have emerged. In this article, the authors address several of these gaps, including whether overall justice relates to both positive and negative emotions and whether both sets of emotions mediate the relationship between overall justice and behavioral outcomes. They also reconcile theoretical inconsistencies related to the differential effects of positive and negative emotions on behavioral outcomes (i.e., performance, withdrawal, and helping). Across two field studies (Study 1 is a cross-sectional study with multirater data, N = 136; Study 2 is a longitudinal study, N = 451), positive emotions consistently mediated the relationship between overall justice and approach-related behaviors (i.e., performance and helping), whereas negative emotions consistently mediated the relationship between overall justice and avoidance-related behaviors (i.e., withdrawal). Mixed results were found for negative emotions and approach-related behaviors (i.e., performance and helping), which indicated the importance of considering context, time, and target of the behavior. The authors discuss the theoretical implications for the asymmetric and broaden-and-build theories of emotion as well as the importance of simultaneously examining both positive and negative emotions.

How effective are disability sensitization workshops?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Kulkarni ◽  
K.V. Gopakumar ◽  
Shivani Patel
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Resource Managers

Purpose Organizations are increasingly investing in disability-specific sensitization workshops. Yet, there is limited understanding about their hoped outcomes, that is, increased knowledge about disability-related issues and behavioral changes with respect to those with a disability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness and boundaries of disability-specific sensitization training in organizations. Design/methodology/approach This is an interview-based study where 33 employees from five industries across India were interviewed over the span of a year. Findings The findings suggest that sensitization workshops are successful with regard to awareness generation. Paradoxically, the same awareness also reinforced group boundaries through “othering.” Further, workshops resonated more so with individuals who already had some prior experience with disability, implying that voluntary sensitization is likely attracting those who have the least need of such sensitization. The findings also suggest that non-mandated interventions may not necessarily influence organizational level outcomes, especially if workshops are conducted in isolation from a broader organizational culture of inclusion. Originality/value The present study helps outline effects of sensitization training initiatives and enhances our understanding about how negative attitudes toward persons with a disability can be overcome. The study also indicates how such training initiatives may inadvertently lead to “othering.” Finally, this study offers suggestions to human resource managers for designing impactful disability sensitization workshops.

Lessons from the Quran for the Purpose of Managing Couples’ Roles and Relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Esmaeel Talaie ◽  
Ahmad Borjali ◽  
Asieh Shariatmadar ◽  
Mohammad Hosswein Khavanin Zade
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Marital Conflicts ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Financial Relationships

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to discuss the implications of the lessons from the Quran in managing the roles and relationships in couples. Methods: Using the qualitative method and applying content analysis, all verses related to couples from Quran were explored. Results: According to the results of the study, the main identified themes for the stage of marriage included romantic relationships, couples’ roles, boundaries, distribution of family management, financial relationships, sexual relationships, and conflict resolution in couples’ relationships. Conclusion: Based on the lessons from the Quran, the religious attitude can be considered a powerful tool in order to decrease marital conflicts and eventually in increasing marital satisfaction.

scholarly journals The differential effects of chronic imipramine or citalopram administration on physiological and behavioral outcomes in naïve mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Strekalova ◽  
Daniel C. Anthony ◽  
Oleg Dolgov ◽  
Konstantin Anokhin ◽  
Aslan Kubatiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Chronic Imipramine

scholarly journals The Role of Blessing and Cursing in Traditional Conflict Resolution Mechanism among the Hadiya People, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Daniel Handino ◽  
Gizaw Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

Hadiya people have maintained their indigenous mechanisms of governance system known as “Seera”. This article addresses the role of blessing and cursing in conflict resolution among the Hadiya people. To achieve this objective, a qualitative method with an exploratory study design was employed. A total of 25, purposively selected, key informants have taken part as a primary source for this study. Besides, secondary sources have been used to substantiate data obtained from the primary sources. The major findings were that Hadiya traditional institutions have been playing a significant role to solve different local conflicts where the practices of blessing and cursing are very important enforcing tools that elders use to easily approach the individuals or groups in conflict, to investigate crimes which are committed in the absence of eye witness. Speaking truth is an essential principle that is expected from the disputants and the elders who manage the resolution process to save oneself from the curse. Men and women have a significant role and mostly every meeting begins and ends with blessing and cursing. Cursing is implicit in every day but it takes place on the last day if the suspect does not reveal the truth about the case. Concerning the link, the FDRE constitution recognized the preservation of cultures and practices of each society within its indigenous institutions. The similarity between the formal and informal is also found as in both institutions the witness begins by swearing an oath which is a part of the cursing on oneself if he or she lies or tries to falsify the truth related to the case. Lastly, the practices of blessing and cursing have been affected by different factors like individual differences over the decisions of elders or negative attitudes towards the value of the practice; sometimes the corrupt behavior of some elders. Awareness creations for youth concerning elders’ honor and value, and their roles in conflict resolution and for elders, on the other, about the importance of their work and the disadvantages of malpractices are part of the recommendation.

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