scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease in people born to unmarried mothers in two historical periods: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 1934–1944

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110197
Author(s):  
H. Maiju Mikkonen ◽  
Minna K. Salonen ◽  
Antti Häkkinen ◽  
Clive Osmond ◽  
Johan G. Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
World War ◽  
Unmarried Mothers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Married Mothers ◽  
Historical Periods

Aims:Socio-economic conditions in early life are important contributors to cardiovascular disease – the leading cause of mortality globally – in later life. We studied coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in adulthood among people born out of wedlock in two historical periods: before and during World War II in Finland. Methods: We compared offspring born out of wedlock before (1934–1939) and during (1940–1944) World War II with the offspring of married mothers in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. The war affected the position of unmarried mothers in society. We followed the study subjects from 1971 to 2014 and identified deaths and hospital admissions from CHD and stroke. Data were analysed using a Cox regression, adjusting for other childhood and adulthood socio-economic circumstances. Results: The rate of out-of-wedlock births was 240/4052 (5.9%) before World War II and 397/9197 (4.3%) during World War II. Among those born before World War II, out-of-wedlock birth was associated with an increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR)=1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.07) and CHD (HR=1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.86). Among those born out of wedlock during World War II, the risks of stroke (HR=0.89; 95% CI 0.58–1.36) and CHD (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.48=1.03) were similar to those observed for the offspring of married mothers. The p-values for interaction of unmarried×World War II were ( p=0.015) for stroke and ( p=0.003) for CHD. Conclusions: In a society in which marriage is normative, being born out of wedlock is an important predictor of lifelong health disadvantage. However, this may change rapidly when societal circumstances change, such as during a war.

scholarly journals Impact of Cleft lip and Palate on Mother-to-Infant Bonding: a Cross-Sectional Study in the Japan Environment and Children's Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Tsuchiya ◽  
Masahiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Haruki Momma ◽  
Takeyoshi Koseki ◽  
Kaoru Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is among the most prevalent congenital birth defects. They negatively affect maternal psychological status and may consequently result in higher prevalence of child maltreatment. However, the association of CL/P births with bonding disorders still remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the impact of CL/P birth on mother-to-infant bonding, using the nationwide birth cohort study, Japan Environment and Children's Study. Methods This study was conducted as a nationwide birth cohort study of the Japan environment and children’s study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study in Japan. 104,065 of foetuses in fifteen regional centres in JECS were enrolled. Finally, the participants consisted of 79,140 mother-infant pairs, of which 211 mothers with CL/P infants were included in our analyses. Results First, no increased risk of bonding disorders was observed among all the mothers with CL/P births (odds ratio [95% CI]; 0.97 [0.63-1.48], p = 0.880), and advanced maternal age or multiple parity would adversely affect the associations between bonding disorders and CL/P births, respectively. Thus, after stratification with a combination of maternal age and parity, a significant association of CL/P birth with bonding disorders was found only among advanced-age multiparae (OR [95% CI] = 2.51 [1.17-5.37], p = 0.018), but it was weakened after additional adjustment for maternal depression. Conclusion CL/P birth may increase the risk of bonding disorders among advanced-age multiparae possibly through maternal depression. This finding provides valuable information for the provision of multidisciplinary cleft care.

Increased risk of violent recidivism among adult males is related to single-parent family during childhood: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
Outi Koskinen ◽  
Anu Sauvola ◽  
Pauliina Valonen ◽  
Helinä Hakko ◽  
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Violent Recidivism

scholarly journals Cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood in a Brazilian birth cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena AS Goldani ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marco A Barbieri ◽  
Antonio AM Silva ◽  
Marilyn Agranonik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Diabetes in pregnancy in associations with perinatal and postneonatal mortality in First Nations and non-Indigenous populations in Quebec, Canada: population-based linked birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen ◽  
Wen-Juan Wang ◽  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Jill Torrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Postneonatal Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveBoth pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM, GDM) occur more frequently in First Nations (North American Indians) pregnant women than their non-Indigenous counterparts in Canada. We assessed whether the impacts of PGDM and GDM on perinatal and postneonatal mortality may differ in First Nations versus non-Indigenous populations.DesignA population-based linked birth cohort study.Setting and participants17 090 First Nations and 217 760 non-Indigenous singleton births in 1996–2010, Quebec, Canada.Main outcome measuresRelative risks (RR) of perinatal and postneonatal death. Perinatal deaths included stillbirths and neonatal (0–27 days of postnatal life) deaths; postneonatal deaths included infant deaths during 28–364 days of life.ResultsPGDM and GDM occurred much more frequently in First Nations (3.9% and 10.7%, respectively) versus non-Indigenous (1.1% and 4.8%, respectively) pregnant women. PGDM was associated with an increased risk of perinatal death to a much greater extent in First Nations (RR=5.08[95% CI 2.99 to 8.62], p<0.001; absolute risk (AR)=21.6 [8.6–34.6] per 1000) than in non-Indigenous populations (RR=1.76[1.17, 2.66], p=0.003; AR=4.2[0.2, 8.1] per 1000). PGDM was associated with an increased risk of postneonatal death in non-Indigenous (RR=3.46[1.71, 6.99], p<0.001; AR=2.4[0.1, 4.8] per 1000) but not First Nations (RR=1.16[0.28, 4.77], p=0.35) infants. Adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, the associations were similar. GDM was not associated with perinatal or postneonatal death in both groups.ConclusionsThe study is the first to reveal that PGDM may increase the risk of perinatal death to a much greater extent in First Nations versus non-Indigenous populations, but may substantially increase the risk of postneonatal death in non-Indigenous infants only. The underlying causes are unclear and deserve further studies. We speculate that population differences in the quality of glycaemic control in diabetic pregnancies and/or genetic vulnerability to hyperglycaemia’s fetal toxicity may be contributing factors.

scholarly journals Poor Family Relationships in Adolescence and the Risk of Premature Death: Findings from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alm ◽  
Sara Brolin Låftman ◽  
Hannes Bohman
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Poor Family ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk

Poor family relationships during childhood have been shown to have long-term negative effects on an offspring’s health. However, few studies have followed the offspring to retirement age, and relatedly, knowledge about the link between poor family relationships and premature death is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and the risk of premature death, even when considering other adverse childhood conditions. Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 individuals born in 1953 who were followed up until age 65. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants’ mothers in 1968. Information on mortality was retrieved from administrative register data from 1969–2018. Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of premature death, even when adjusting for childhood conditions in terms of household social class, household economic poverty, contact with the child services, parental alcohol abuse, and parental mental illness (Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.40–3.09). The findings show that poor family relationships in adolescence can have severe and long-lasting health consequences, highlighting the importance of early interventions.

scholarly journals Maternal reproductive history and premenopausal risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a Danish cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030702
Author(s):  
Shannon X Chen ◽  
Kathleen M Rasmussen ◽  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
H Støvring ◽  
Ellen Aa Nøhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Danish National Birth Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
First Time

ObjectivesThe metabolic changes of pregnancy resemble a cardiovascular risk profile and may persist postpartum, with body mass index (BMI) as a potential modifier. We examined the association between the number of live-birth pregnancies and maternal premenopausal risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for pre-pregnancy BMI as well as abortions and stillbirths.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingMothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996 to 2002). For each of these women, registry data on all pregnancies from 1973 to 2011 were obtained, as were self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and height.ParticipantsA total of 44 552 first-time mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort.Outcome measuresRisks of hypertension and CVD during and between live-birth pregnancies separately and combined as live-birth cycles.ResultsAfter adjustment for abortions, stillbirths, pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates, a higher risk of hypertension was observed in the first (HR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.72) and fourth and subsequent live-birth cycles (HR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.58), compared with the second. However, as number of live-birth pregnancies increased, risk of hypertension decreased during live-birth pregnancies and increased between live-birth pregnancies (tests for trend, p<0.01). For CVD, we found an overall J-shaped but non-significant association with number of live-birth pregnancies. No interaction with pre-pregnancy BMI (<25 versus ≥25 kg/m2) was observed.ConclusionsPremenopausal women had the highest risk of hypertension and CVD during their first live-birth pregnancy and after their fourth live-birth pregnancy. All risks were independent of BMI before the first live-birth pregnancy and of number of abortions and stillbirths.

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