A review of radon measurement studies with nuclear track detectors (NTDs) in Azad Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Abdul Razzaq Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rafique ◽  
Saeed Ur Rahman ◽  
Kimberlee J. Kearfott ◽  
Matiullah
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Nuclear Track Detectors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Clear Information

Inhalation of radon and its progeny are the most important component of public exposure to natural radiations. Many epidemiological studies have established the fact that radon and radon progeny are associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. Beside health concerns, radon is an important consideration in other fields, e.g. hydrological research, detection of geological fault lines, prediction of earthquake, uranium deposits and oil exploration. The importance of the subject compelled many scientists to develop methods for measurement and mitigation of radon. During last decade many studies for measurement of radon and thoron have been conducted in Azad Kashmir. In most studies, the techniques used involve the usage of solid state nuclear track detectors. Building materials, including granite, marbles, gravel aggregates, bricks, sand and soil have been characterized through radon exhalation rate studies. Several research articles have been published, reporting indoor radon measurements in dwellings and at workplaces. Though these studies have provided preliminary information about radon levels in the area, however, data obtained are still unable to convey clear information to readers. This review paper attempts to organize the radon data to provide a clearer understanding and roadmap for radon measurements in Azad Kashmir.

The ENEA Facilities for Assessing the Quality of Indoor Radon Measurements

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sciocchetti ◽  
G. Cotellessa ◽  
P. De Felice ◽  
P.G. Baldassini ◽  
M. Bovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract A status report is given of the ENEA research activities on calibration and standardisation of radon measurement techniques. A description of radon standards and experimental facilities (the ENEA Radon Chamber and the 222Rn standard generator) developed at the Casaccia Research Centre is given. The experimental procedures to test the charcoal canister radon adsorption are described. The results of investigation of the response of passive plastic detectors (CR-39) at different exposure conditions at the ENEA radon chamber are discussed: dynamic range and accuracy of passive alpha track detectors in the range from 60 to about 7000 kBq.m-3.h radon exposure. Finally a brief description is given of the experimental facility that is under development to test instruments and methods that are used to measure the emanation/exhalation of radon gas from soils and building materials.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF RADON MASS EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS FROM BUILDING MATERIALS BY TWO DIFFERENT METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Sandra Soares ◽  
Joaquim Kessongo ◽  
Yoenls Bahu ◽  
Luis Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Active Method ◽  
Passive Method ◽  
Nuclear Track Detectors ◽  
Liquid Silicone ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The aim of this study is to measure the radon mass exhalation rate from common granite building materials used in the east and northeast part of Portugal. Twelve cubic shaped samples were measured. Nine of them without any coating and three coated with different materials (varnish, hydrorepellent and liquid silicone). The radon measurements were performed with two different techniques: one using passive detectors and other using an active detector. For the passive method, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were used. The active method used the RAD7 DURRIDGE detector. Radon mass exhalation rates obtained from both methods present relatively low values in the 11–45 mBq kg−1 h−1 range for the analysed samples. Concerning the coated samples, the measured values are on average four times lower than the ones without coating. Overall, the measured values for both methods present a good agreement.

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION IN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS ON RADON MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Z Curguz ◽  
G Venoso ◽  
Z S Zunic ◽  
D Mirjanic ◽  
M Ampollini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract The requirements about radon measurements in schools and public buildings included in most of the national and international legislations are generally restricted to all the rooms located at the ground floor and basement, assuming the soil beneath the building as the main source of indoor radon. In order to verify such an assumption for small buildings having at maximum two floors, a preliminary study was performed in 50 schools located in 15 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. Results of this study suggest that a protocol requiring measurements at the ground floor only may be considered adequate. Due to the high radon spatial variability for rooms at the ground floor, it is preferable to require measurements in a high number of rooms (preferably in all of them) in order to assess the compliance with the reference level established by the legislation.

Radon: Occupational or Domestic Carcinogen?

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Monchaux ◽  
R. Masse (INVITED)
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract An association between an excess risk of lung cancer and exposure to radon and its daughters has been demonstrated in uranium miners and in other miners. In various countries, radon measurements in dwellings showed that indoor radon concentrations are in the same range as in underground mines. Geographical epidemiological studies do not show an excess risk of lung cancer in people living in radon rich areas and case-control studies of domestic exposures lead to conflicting results. A joint study allowing meta-analysis of the results from 19 epidemiological studies carried out throughout the world should provide reliable data by and after 1995. Experimental data and biological data from radon-induced human tumours might allow the identification of tumours induced by irradiation compared with tumours induced by other agents. Until now, the role of domestic exposure in the occurrence of lung cancer remains unclear and therefore the usefulness of remedial actions questionable.

Indoor radon measurements in dwellings of Kulu area, Himachal Pradesh, using solid state nuclear track detectors

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Singh ◽  
Rajeev Malhotra ◽  
Jatinder Kumar ◽  
Lakhwant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Nuclear Track Detectors ◽  
Radon Measurements

scholarly journals Radon variability due to floor level in two typical residential buildings in Serbia

Nukleonika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Udovicic ◽  
Nikola Veselinovic ◽  
Dimitrije Maletic ◽  
Radomir Banjanac ◽  
Aleksandar Dragic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Radon Variability ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Family House

AbstractIt is well known that one of the factors that influence the indoor radon variability is the floor level of the buildings. Considering the fact that the main source of indoor radon is radon in soil gas, it is expected that the radon concentration decreases at higher floors. Thus at higher floors the dominant source of radon is originating from building materials, and in some cases there may be deviations from the generally established regularity. In such sense, we chose one freestanding single-family house with loft and other 16-floor high-rise residential building for this study. The indoor radon measurements were performed by two methods: passive and active. We used passive devices based on track-etched detectors: Radtrak2 Radonova. For the short-term indoor radon measurements, we used two active devices: SN1029 and SN1030 (manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation). The first device was fixed in the living room at the ground level and the second was moved through the floors of the residential building. Every measuring cycle at the specified floor lasted seven days with the sampling time of 2 h. The results show two different indoor radon behaviours regarding radon variability due to floor level. In the single-family house with loft we registered intense difference between radon concentration in the ground level and loft, while in the high-rise residential building the radon level was almost the same at all floors, and hence we may conclude that radon originated mainly from building materials.

scholarly journals Methods of radon measurement

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Forkapic ◽  
I. Bikit ◽  
Lj Conkic ◽  
M. Veskovic ◽  
J. Slivka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Radon Measurements

Several important international scientific organizations have designated radon as a carcinogenic and serious health problem. As a chemically inert gas, it is easily released from soil, building materials, and water, to emanate to the atmosphere. Since 1992, Laboratory for Nuclear Physics of the Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences in Novi Sad has been involved in measurements of radon concentration in air, using several different techniques. Last year, systematic radon measurements in drinking waters began, too. The work presented here gives a survey and discussion of the results of the both series of measurements.

Radon in an Alum Shale Rich Norwegian Area

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stranden ◽  
T. Strand
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Alum Shale ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Radon Risk ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract Alum shale is known to contain enhanced levels of radium, and may thus be a source of enhanced radon concentrations. The Hedemarken area in the south-eastern part of Norway has, due to its high geological occurrence of alum shale, been the subject of an extensive study on indoor radon. Measurements of the activity concentration of soil and shale, radon exhalation from the ground and from geological samples, are reported, together with measurements of indoor radon concentrations in about 200 houses. In about 70 houses, the radon concentration exceeded 400 Bq.m-3, and the highest concentration (mean value for a house) was 5300 Bq.m-3. Radon exhalation measurements from the ground suggest that the alum shale areas generally should be classified as high radon risk areas.

scholarly journals Using geographic information systems for radon exposure assessment in dwellings in the Oslo region, Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kollerud ◽  
K. Blaasaas ◽  
G. Ganerød ◽  
H. K. Daviknes ◽  
E. Aune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. Radon exposures were assigned to each residential address in the Oslo region using a geographic information system (GIS) that included indoor radon measurements. The results will be used in an epidemiologic study regarding leukemia and brain cancer. The model is based on 6% of measured residential buildings. High density of indoor radon measurements allowed us to develop a buffer model where indoor radon measurements found around each dwelling were used to assign a radon value for homes lacking radon measurement. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to study the agreement between radon values from the buffer method, from indoor radon values of measured houses, and from a regression model constructed with radiometric data (eTh, eU) and bedrock geology. We obtained good agreement for both comparisons with ICC values between 0.54 and 0.68. GIS offers a useful variety of tools to study the indoor-radon exposure assessment. By using the buffer method it is more likely that geological conditions are similar within the buffer and this may take more into account the variation of radon over short distances. It is also probable that short-distance-scale correlation patterns express similarities in building styles and living habits. Although the method has certain limitations, we regard it as acceptable for use in epidemiological studies.

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