Thermal comfort and skin temperature responses to the supplied air from personal air nozzles in aircraft cabins

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaosong Fang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Baizhan Li ◽  
Yong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Aircraft Cabins

For investigating the thermal comfort impact of supply air from personal nozzles on body positions of human bodies in aircraft cabins, a mock aircraft cabin with three rows of seats was built to investigate the effect of personal nozzle on thermal comfort of three main body parts, including head, upper body and lower body. In total, 12 tests were performed on 16 volunteers. Every test lasted 3 h and 40 minutes. Simultaneously, volunteers’ responses for both local and overall thermal responses were recorded. Skin temperatures were monitored. The results showed that when cooling the upper body, variation in local thermal sensation, overall thermal sensation and average skin temperature were the most significant responses produced by 16 young healthy human volunteers taking part in the experiment. However, for the airflow sensation, the strongest impact was at the head (including forehead and face), followed by the upper body part (breast, back, shoulder, abdomen) and then the lower body part (buttock, sex organ, thighs, legs and feet). In order to minimize draft discomfort, the air supply from nozzles should be delivered directly to the upper body, which would make the passengers more comfortable and benefit the optimization of the design of the nozzle.

scholarly journals Investigation of thermal comfort and the nozzle usage behaviour in aircraft cabins

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaosong Fang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Baizhan Li ◽  
Andrew Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Aircraft Cabins ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Personal Ventilation

In order to understand passengers’ demand for thermal comfort in aircraft cabins, we carried out a measurement of thermal environment parameters and thermal comfort field survey in an aircraft cabin under cruising at altitude in both summer and winter. The results showed that the air temperature studied was always kept within the range of 25℃ to 28℃ and the relative humidity was maintained within the range of 20% to 35%. The Mean Thermal Sensation Vote (MTSV) of passengers’ back and feet was higher than other local body parts, with lower air movement sensation. The MTSV of passengers in winter was higher than that in summer. Due to the muggy thermal environment, more than 60% of passengers advocated that it was necessary to utilize the personal ventilation system. In their usage of the personal ventilation nozzle, more than half of these passengers chose to cool upper body parts, only a minimum number of passengers opened the nozzle to direct airflow to their head. Therefore, we concluded that the position of the personal ventilation nozzle should be as close to the upper body part of a passenger’s body as possible, making it more convenient and effective to regulate passengers’ thermal comfort.

Investigation and comparison on thermal comfort and energy consumption of four personalized seat heating systems based on heated floor panels

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2093914
Author(s):  
Guoqing Yu ◽  
Zhaoji Gu ◽  
Zhenye Yan ◽  
Hengtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heated Floor

The climate of Yangtze River Basin in China is cold and humid in winter. Conventional air-conditioning systems may cause high energy consumption and uncomfortable microclimatic conditions especially for lower body of indoor occupants. This study investigated four personalized seat heating systems, in a typical office room in Shanghai during winter, based on heated floor panels including heated floor panels + ordinary chair (HF-OC), heated floor panels + insulated chair (HF-IC), heated floor panels +insulated chair and leg box (HF-IC-LB) and overall personalized heating (OPH). The surface temperature of walls and heated floor panels, and the indoor air temperature at different positions were recorded with thermocouples. The hourly energy consumptions of the proposed personalized seat heating systems were measured and compared with a conventional split type air conditioner. Questionnaires of thermal sensation and comfort were carried out among 10 university students. Compared with HF-OC, HF-IC could improve the thermal comfort to a certain extent, while HF-IC-LB provided the optimal thermal micro-environment for the lower body other than other body parts. The OPH systems were proven effective to provide satisfactory thermal environment for all body parts at lower indoor temperature (12–16°C) with much less energy consumption than room air conditioners.

scholarly journals Experimental study of thermal comfort in a vehicle cabin during the summer season

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Paul Danca ◽  
Florin Bode ◽  
Angel Dogeanu ◽  
Cristiana Croitoru ◽  
Mihnea Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vehicle Cabin

Thermal comfort evaluation for vehicle occupants is very complicated due to the transient nature and non-uniformity of the vehicle interior. The thermal sensation of an automotive occupant is affected by the surrounding environment. More than this, the actual standard is proposing three evaluation indexes and was developed for steady state and controlled conditions and some of the indexes are not adapted for this complex environment. In this article the three standardized indexes values are compared in term of thermal comfort, in a vehicle passenger in summer season. The results are showing that the mean values of PMV/PPD model calculated in a single point with Comfort Sense equipment are far from the TSV mean values which was collected in questionnaires, while the teq index which was calculated with an advanced thermal manikin are closer to the TSV comfort votes. This may be explained by the fact that the TSV and teq consider the sensation for each body part at the local level. For a correct evaluation of the thermal comfort in non-uniform and transient environments like in the vehicles, is not enough to measure in a single point and the results to be considered in all the ambiance. The main conclusion is that the PMV/PPD indexes are not very well adapted to the vehicle environment.

scholarly journals Joint Pedestrian and Body Part Detection via Semantic Relationship Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Gu ◽  
Chuanxin Lan ◽  
Wenbai Chen ◽  
Hu Han
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
The Public ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Person Search

While remarkable progress has been made to pedestrian detection in recent years, robust pedestrian detection in the wild e.g., under surveillance scenarios with occlusions, remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel approach for joint pedestrian and body part detection via semantic relationship learning under unconstrained scenarios. Specifically, we propose a Body Part Indexed Feature (BPIF) representation to encode the semantic relationship between individual body parts (i.e., head, head-shoulder, upper body, and whole body) and highlight per body part features, providing robustness against partial occlusions to the whole body. We also propose an Adaptive Joint Non-Maximum Suppression (AJ-NMS) to replace the original NMS algorithm widely used in object detection, leading to higher precision and recall for detecting overlapped pedestrians. Experimental results on the public-domain CUHK-SYSU Person Search Dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for joint pedestrian and body part detection in the wild.

Female upper body and breast skin temperature and thermal comfort following exercise

Ergonomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ayres ◽  
J. White ◽  
W. Hedger ◽  
J. Scurr
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Upper Body

Performance of Mixing Ventilation System Coupled With Dynamic Personalized Ventilator for Thermal Comfort

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douaa Al-Assaad ◽  
Nesreen Ghaddar ◽  
Kamel Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Mean Flow

This study optimizes the performance of a mixing ventilation system coupled with a personalized ventilator that emits a cool sinusoidal horizontal airflow jet towards the occupant upper body in order to achieve good overall thermal comfort and good air quality in the occupant breathing zone. A transient 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with a transient bio-heat model was deployed to predict airflow and temperature fields in the space and around the occupant as well as segmental skin temperature profiles for local and overall thermal sensation and comfort analysis. Simulations were performed using the CFD model to determine the airflow optimal supply frequency, mean flow rate and amplitude at room temperature of 25 °C and PV jet temperature of 22 °C. The system also showed, that when increasing frequency at fixed mean flow rate, thermal comfort increased from by 15.2 %. However when increasing mean flow rate at a fixed frequency, thermal comfort dropped at the low frequency of 0.3 Hz but remained acceptable at the higher frequency of 0.5 Hz.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort, thermal sensation and skin temperature measurements using demand-controlled ventilation for individual cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Håkon Solberg ◽  
Kari Thunshelle ◽  
Peter Schild
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
The Relationship

An increasing part of modern building's energy demand is due to cooling. An ongoing research project investigates the possibility to reduce the energy consumption from cooling by utilizing an individually controlled active ventilation diffuser mounted in the ceiling. This study looks at thermal sensation and thermal comfort for 21 test persons exposed to an innovative user controlled active ventilation valve, in a steady and thermally uniform climate chamber. Furthermore, the relationship between biometric data from the test persons skin temperature and sweat, and the test persons thermal sensation scores has been investigated. Each test person was exposed to three different room temperatures in the climate chamber, 24°C, 26°C and 28°C respectively, to simulate typical hot summer conditions in an office in Norway. At a room temperature of 26°C it was possible to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for most test persons with this solution, but higher air velocity than 0.75 m/s around the test persons bodies at room temperatures of 28°C is required to ensure satisfactory thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Effect of Landscape Microclimates on Thermal Comfort and Physiological Wellbeing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyi Liu ◽  
Zefeng Lian ◽  
Robert D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort

Global climate change and intensifying heat islands have reduced human thermal comfort and health in urban outdoor environments. However, there has been little research that has focused on how microclimates affect human thermal comfort, both psychologically and physiologically. We investigated the effect of a range of landscape microclimates on human thermal comfort and health using questionnaires and physiological measurements, including skin temperature, skin conductance, and heart rate variability, and compared the results with the effect of prevailing climate conditions in open spaces. We observed that in landscape microclimates, thermal sensation votes significantly decreased from 1.18 ± 0.66 (warm–hot) to 0.23 ± 0.61 (neutral–slightly warm), and thermal comfort increased from 1.18 ± 0.66 (uncomfortable–neutral) to 0.23 ± 0.61 (neutral–comfortable). In the landscape microclimates, skin temperature and skin conductance decreased 0.3 ± 0.8 °C and 0.6 ± 1.0 μs, respectively, while in the control, these two parameters increased by 0.5 ± 0.9 °C and 0.2 ± 0.7 μs, respectively. Further, in landscape microclimates, subject heart rate variability increased significantly. These results suggest landscape microclimates improve human thermal comfort and health, both psychologically and physiologically. These findings can provide an evidence base that will assist urban planners in designing urban environments for the health and wellbeing of residents.

The effects of firefighting boots and personal protective equipment load on foot thermal comfort

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110265
Author(s):  
Miao Tian ◽  
Xianghui Zhang ◽  
Xumei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Psychological Scales

Maintaining foot comfort is important as it influences the overall comfort of the human body. Shoe microclimate and foot skin temperature have been suggested to contribute to the thermal sensation of the foot. Considering the thermal environment and personal protective equipment (PPE) used for structural and proximity firefighting, climatic chamber tests with 13 male participants were conducted during standing and walking. Four test conditions – unloaded with training shoes, loaded with training shoes, unloaded with firefighting boots, and loaded with firefighting boots – were designed to investigate the effects of firefighting boots and PPE load on the thermal comfort of the human foot. Physiological variables of in-shoe and foot skin temperature at the whole and local regions of the foot were measured and subjective responses were gathered using psychological scales. The results showed that wearing firefighting boots may elevate the thermal sensation of wearers. The PPE load increased the in-shoe and foot skin temperature as well as subjective ratings. Subjective sensations of the foot were strongly correlated with in-shoe and skin temperature in the plantar regions. Correlation analysis of thermal sensation at the whole and local foot regions indicated that the sensation at the forefoot was closest to the whole foot, followed by the midfoot and heel. The findings address the relationship of physiological and subjective variables as well as the thermal sensation of whole and local foot regions, which can be considered for footwear design and thermal comfort prediction of the foot and whole body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document