Literature review on hydrostatic vaginal and anorectal injuries caused by personal watercraft

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862110185
Author(s):  
Jean-Hubert Etienne ◽  
Mohamed Amine Rahili ◽  
Mareva Estran ◽  
Jellila Tahiri-Ghetemme ◽  
Emmanuel Benizri
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Force Vector ◽  
Vaginal Repair ◽  
Defunctioning Stoma ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Personal Watercraft ◽  
Engine Power

Introduction The use of personal watercrafts (PWCs) has increased in popularity, size and engine power over time. Hydrostatic injuries when the passenger falls into water and the pelvic floor is directly hurt by the water jet remain rarely reported in literature but potentially lethal. Perineal, gynaecological and rectosigmoid regions present significant points of anatomical weakness to the force vector of the water. Biomechanical aspects on water-associated injuries on PWC may include disruption of the perineal soft tissues, inefficient anal sphincter and hydrodynamic insufflation. Methods This is a study involving a literature review from 1972 to 2020 using suitable search terms to identify all hydrostatic PWC injuries following PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted from suitable articles on mechanism of injury, injuries sustained, treatment and outcomes. Results Thirty-two patients with major perineal, gynaecological and/or digestive injuries due to hydrostatic PWC traumas were identified. Major risk factors were female gender (84.4%), young age (25.5 years), being a rear passenger and wearing a standard swimsuit (100%). The injuries were digestive tract only (81.3%), gynaecological only (46.9%) or combined (28.1%). The interdisciplinary surgical management must include a vaginal and anal exploration under general anaesthesia and an exploratory surgery. Vaginal repair (41.9%) may be associated with a transanal anorectal suturing for lacerations of the intraperitoneal rectum (40.6%). A defunctioning stoma was performed in 62.5% and consisted of a loop sigmoidostomy (43.5%) or Hartmann’s procedure (34.8%) depending on laceration complexity. Conclusions PWC-related hydrostatic injuries are still rare but associated with a mortality rate of 6.3% which rises to 25% if initial haemodynamic instability was present. Expert guidelines such as adding an automated engine shut-off switch for the rear passenger and wearing a protective and safety clothing should be more widely respected.

Tophaceous gout presenting as a dorsal nasal lump

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Hughes ◽  
Silvana Di Palma ◽  
J Rowe-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Endoscopic Technique ◽  
Tophaceous Gout ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
Aesthetic Rhinoplasty ◽  
Emergency Tracheotomy

A literature review reveals that gout has been described as affecting many sites in the head and neck region, both in the arthritic and tophaceous form. Gout can often mimic malignancy or infection, and has been described as causing acute airway problems requiring emergency tracheotomy. Here we describe the first published case of tophaceous gout affecting the soft tissues overlying the nasal bones. The patient presented with a bony, hard, dorsal hump and requested aesthetic rhinoplasty.We also describe an endoscopic technique for removal of tophi using a powered microdebrider system with a protected burr head. Endoscopic powered microdebrider blade excision of tophi affecting the limbs has already been described, with reduced complications when compared with conventional curettage and debridement techniques. This is the first such application to the nose.

Eating Disorders in Non-Dance Performing Artists: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna E Kapsetaki ◽  
Charlie Easmon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Search Terms

PURPOSE: Previous literature on dancers and athletes has shown a large impact of eating disorders (EDs) on these individuals, but there is limited research on EDs affecting non-dance performing artists (i.e., musicians, actors, etc.). This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the literature on EDs in non-dance performing artists. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed on 24 databases, using search terms related to EDs and non-dance performing artists. All results from the databases were systematically screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial search returned 86,383 total articles, which after screening and removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers yielded 129 results. After screening the 129 full-text results for eligibility, 10 studies met criteria for inclusion: 6 papers addressed EDs in musicians, and 4 papers addressed EDs in theatre performers. Most studies used questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) as diagnostic tools for EDs. Most were small-scale studies and participants were mostly students. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity and varying quality, the results obtained were often contradictory and questionable. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a lot of literature in dancers, we found relatively few studies associating EDs with other performing artists, and most were inconsistent in their information.

scholarly journals Factors associated with temporomandibular dysfunction in the elderly: an integrative literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Fernanda Faccio ◽  
Maria Angélica Bezerra dos Santos ◽  
Taís Arcanjo Maropo da Silva ◽  
Eduarda Correia Moretti ◽  
Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales Coriolano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Objective: To identify the factors associated with temporomandibular dysfunction among elderly persons. Method: An integrative literature review was carried out, evaluated by scientific publications indexed in five databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, CINAHL and LILACS, without date or language restrictions. The adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the articles. Results: Of the 888 articles from the databases, four were considered eligible for this review. Risk of bias analysis classified one article as low risk and the other as intermediate risk. Conclusion: The factors associated with temporomandibular dysfunction in the elderly indicated by the studies were: female gender, age between 60-70 years, a low income, suffering from tinnitus, dizziness, depression, headache or bruxism; experience temporomandibular joint palpation, masticatory and cervical muscle pain, a low number of teeth and the use of complete dentures.

scholarly journals The application of diode laser in the treatment of oral soft tissues lesions. A literature review

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ortega-Concepcion ◽  
JA Cano-Duran ◽  
JF Peña-Cardelles ◽  
VM Paredes-Rodriguez ◽  
J Gonzalez-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Soft Tissues

scholarly journals A literature review of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Clement ◽  
Satish Jankie ◽  
Shalini Pooransingh ◽  
Diane Ignacio ◽  
Avril Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Food And Drugs Administration ◽  
Better Than

Objectives: To review the published evidence of repurposed drugs, antivirals and biologics for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted in several databases and research portals. Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, MERS, MERS-CoV, SARS, SARS-CoV, coronavirus, beta-coronavirus, influenza, pneumonia and several drugs considered for use in COVID-19. Results: There is a paucity of clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of most agents being considered for the treatment of COVID-19. However, based on promising preliminary research the US Food and Drugs Administration has authorized the emergency use of hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. To date, the most robust evidence for lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) found that it was no better than standard care. Overwhelming evidence suggests that corticosteroids increase mortality, nosocomial infections and lengthen hospitalization in SARS and MERS patients, and should be used cautiously in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Additionally, low level evidence suggests that tocilizumab may be useful to reduce the cytokine storm precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have surged to the front of the race to repurpose drugs in the fight against COVID-19. With hundreds of ongoing trials it is envisaged that indisputable evidence would be provided for prophylactic and therapeutic use of drugs and biologics within the next few months. However, in our setting it would be worthwhile to consider the availability and accessibility of some of these agents.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and clinical aspects involved in stroke associated with COVID-19: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Henrique Gastaldello ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Correia Frota Gomes ◽  
Bruna Belone Garcia ◽  
Damiana Gianotto Pires ◽  
Cristiane Tefé Sillva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Prothrombotic State ◽  
University Center ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Intracranial Arteries ◽  
Coagulation Pathway

Introduction: Currently, an increasing number of studies point to the prevalence of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19, including stroke. Although the pathophysiology is not completely understood, the infection induces a prothrombotic state stimulate by high levels of factor VIII, fibrinogen and Ddimer. In this sense, high mortality (44,2%) is a challenging context and identify influences of clinical and morphological aspects the outcome of these patients. Design and setting: Literature review conduced in Barão de Mauá University Center, Ribeirão Preto-SP. Objective: Clarifying aspects involved in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and Stroke. Methods: The primary databases utilized to retrieve the salient medical literature presented in this review were Scielo and Pubmed. The search terms, included “stroke”, “SARS-CoV”, “covid-19”. Discussion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype found associated with multiple infarctions and cryptogenic etiology. The mechanisms are multifactorial, including conventional pathways stimulated by the pathogen or direct action. Called “sepsis coagulopathy”, activation of the coagulation pathway associated with viral invasion of endothelial cells and excessive release of cytokines causes a prothrombotic state. Hemorrhagic stroke is less common. It is believed that the affinity of SARS-coV- 2 for ACE2 (angiotensinconverting enzyme 2) receptors could directly damage intracranial arteries, causing rupture, associated with fibrinogen depletion and massive release of cytokines and proteases. Conclusion: Individuals affected by COVID-19 that are affected by stroke face more severe conditions and worse associated outcomes. Thus, understanding the pathophysiology and clinical aspects brings greater effectiveness in the care of these individuals and lower mortality.

scholarly journals Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Sweeney ◽  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Niazy Al Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Expectant Mothers

Abstract AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Literature Review : Effect of Static Conditions on Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Venny Diana
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Static Conditions

Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders that occur in one of the skeletal organs or muscles of the body such as congenital abnormalities in the upper and lower extremities, nerve and muscle disorders, inflammatory infections of bones and joints, musculoskeletal metabolic disorders, degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (spine, upper extremities) and below). The study aimed To analyze the static condition of the workers' complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Using literature review with scoping review method. The data was collected through internet searches using Google Scholar and PubMed with the keywords static conditions, complaints of MSDs, ergonomic position, musculoskeletal disorders, the influence of static conditions, with a range of research years is 2015-2020. Results found 83 articles matching the keyword. A review of 9 research articles that met the inclusion criteria found 4 aspects, namely the factor of length of work more than 1 year, age, working hours and using the same extremity for a long period of time will increase the risk of MSDs, Doing work in awkward positions for 5- 8 hours/day increases the risk of MSDs in workers, especially nurses, The emergence of MSDs symptoms is higher in women, namely in the lower back and neck area, The pain felt due to MSDs disorders can be severe, namely in the lower back, shoulders, neck, wrists , knees and ankles. There is a relationship with static positions/non-ergonomic conditions at work, these non-ergonomic conditions do not directly cause complaints but in the long term complaints will arise. The female gender is at high risk of experiencing MSDs, the length of work and length of time working will affect the emergence of MSDs, there are 12 static conditions found in someone when doing work, the main complaint that appears in MSDs is pain.

scholarly journals Concurrent presentation of dental lamina cysts of the new born and natal tooth in a child: a case report and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A Aborisade ◽  
J Abdurrazaq ◽  
J Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
New Born ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Dental lamina cysts and natal/neonatal teeth are rare findings in a neonate with the dental lamina cysts presenting as white or pink small nodules, often multiple, approximately 1 to 3mm in diameter. They are usually located on the alveolar mucosa of both maxilla and mandible and also on the midpalatine raphe; the whitish colored lamina cysts found on the alveolar mucosa can be confused clinically with neonatal teeth. Neonatal teeth are teeth found in infants within the first 30 days of life, and they present a social stigma to the parent. They have been reported to be a component of the full complement of teeth in 90-95% of cases. Apart from the social stigmata, they can also induce trauma to surrounding soft tissues and / or to the mother’s breast (Riga-Fede phenomenon). While the dental lamina cysts usually resolve spontaneously within few weeks to months, there are indications that might preclude extraction of a natal/neonatal tooth.Keywords: Dental lamina cyst, Epstein’s pearls, Mucosal cyst, natal/neonatal tooth

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