scholarly journals A Note on Religion

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470492110667
Author(s):  
Laura Betzig
Keyword(s):  
Civil Servants ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Antony And Cleopatra ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Church

At the beginning of our era, after a battle on the Ionian Sea, Antony and Cleopatra took their own lives in Egypt, and Augustus was made an imperator by his senators . Roman emperors had sexual access to those senators’ daughters and wives, and to thousands of slaves. But they ran governments with help from their cubicularii, castrated civil servants. And they enforced an Imperial Cult: subjects made sacrifices to the emperor's genius, or procreative spirit; or they got disemboweled by wild animals, or decapitated. Then Constantine moved off from the Tiber to the Bosporus, and Europe was ruled over by a few. Lords covered the countryside with bastards, but passed on estates on to their oldest sons. Daughters and younger sons were put away in the Church, where some became parents, but most were reproductively suppressed: they were ἄνανδρος or anandros, or without a husband, and ἄγαμος or agamos, or without a wife. Heretics who objected got burned at the stake. Then the Crusaders expanded Europe to the East, and Columbus went off to the West, and politics, sex and religion became more democratic. Power was more widely distributed; more men and women had families if they wanted them, and monasteries emptied out. The Reformation followed the Roman Church, which had followed the Imperial Cult.

Facts and Fears in and around Martin Luther

Moreana ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (Number 141) (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Jared Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Summary Judgment ◽  
The Church

In his recent biography Richard Marius attends above all to Luther’s temperament, which was melancholy and susceptible to haunting fears of death. As the biography breaks off in 1527, Luther is in deep depression and has already published works marred by bitterness and vehemence. The biographer admits his summary judgment that while Luther did bring evangelical freshness to the faith of a few, he contributed to the Reformation precisely the elements that made it catastrophic for the West, as in the religious wars of the century after Luther’s death. Luther, after such a demythologization, can still speak to us about marshaling what talents we have to bring some light to our world. The work presents several aspects of the Church in Luther’s time inaccurately, and on Luther’s theology some of its interpretations also call for correction. But on Luther’s “discovery of the Gospel”, placed in 1519, Marius delineates well the factors exacerbating Luther’s anguish and the flash of light that came from St. Paul as Luther found an evangelical word of consolation and assurance repeatedly communicated in sacramental encounters with Christ. This creates a new dialectic of fear and hope and left Luther still susceptible to depression, especially in reaction to divisions in his own ranks and the many obstacles that blocked smooth implementation of reform.

scholarly journals Ambiguous Memories of the Reformation: The Case of Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Tarald Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe Reformation came to Norway along with Danish annexation of political and ecclesiastical power. For this reason, Norwegian history writing seldom appreciated the history of the Norwegian Reformation, and preferred to look further back to the history of the Middle Ages in search of national, as well as religious, roots of Norwegian Christianity. This was already the case in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Norwegian historical writing. In nineteenth century historical research, the strategy was underpinned by focussing on the medieval period of Christianization: Norwegian Christianity was imported from the West, from England. Here, the Pope was not at all important. Instead, some key Reformation values were addressed in a kind of “proto-Reformation” in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The King was the ruler of the church; native, Old Norse language was used and promoted; and the people (strongly) identified themselves with their religion.

The Oath of Supremacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

Chapter 1 explores the impact of the Oath of Supremacy, looking at two trials, those of Thomas More and Anne Boleyn, which resulted from the astonishing changes precipitated by Henry’s decision to divorce Catherine of Aragon, forcing English men and women to wonder how honest they could be about their loyalties and precipitating a crisis concerning the nature of speech and language in public culture. The chapter explores these two important trials in terms of the Reformation, showing how arguments about truth and lying became particularly significant as the King assumed the right to rule the Church as well as the state. Uncovering the truth of each trial may be less important than understanding that they are about truth and whose right it is to declare what is truth and what lies.

Bringing the Holy Sepulchre to the west: S. Stefano, Bologna, from the fifth to the twentieth century

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 31-59
Author(s):  
Colin Morris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Authentic Place ◽  
The Church ◽  
Looking Back

By virtue of its basic pattern of belief, the Church is committed to looking back as well as forward. In his introductory letter for the Conference which has produced this volume, Andrew Martindale reminded us that ‘doctrine, dogma, and revelation are all pinned to time and place’. Most of all are they rooted in Golgotha and the Holy Sepulchre, the site of the death and Resurrection of the Lord. It is true that, in particular since the Reformation, the theology of the Passion and Resurrection have often been discussed without reference to their historical location. Other Christians in other times, confident that the Holy Sepulchre discovered under Constantine was indeed the authentic place of Christ’s Resurrection, desired to reach out to and to grasp its historical and geographical reality, for these embody the very time and place of their redemption.

The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Church

Духовное влияние советского строя на иерархов и духовенство в 1960-е—1980-е годы (SPIRITUAL INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM ON HIERARCHS AND CLERGY IN THE 1960-s – 1980-s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Олег Викторович (Oleg V.) Кириченко (Kirichenko)
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
The West ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена малоизученному явлению – церковному инакомыслию, которое было порождено влиянием «советской духовности» не только на общество, но и на Церковь. Автор ставит проблему инакомыслия и диссидентства как явлений, выросших в недрах высшей советской номенклатуры и потом уже распространившихся на низшие слои, затронувшие и церковную среду. Апелляция к Западу, как к третейскому судье, была закономерным явлением советской действительности, что требует научной проработки и объяснения. The article is devoted to a little-studied phenomenon – church dissent, which was generated by the influence of "Soviet spirituality" not only on society, but also on the Church. The author poses the problem of dissent and dissidentism as phenomena that grew up in the the higher Soviet nomenclature and then spread to the lower layers, affecting the church environment. An appeal to the West as an arbitrator was a natural phenomenon of Soviet reality, which requires scientific study and explanation.

Law and Protestantism in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
Ditlev Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
The Church ◽  
Concept Of Law ◽  
Catholic Bishops

Abstract This contribution deals with the influence of the Reformation on the law in Denmark. The Reformation was basically a reform of the church, but it also affected the concept of law and state in general. In 1536, King Christian III dismissed the catholic bishops and withheld the property of the church. The king, as custos duarum tabularum, guardian of both the tablets of law, also took over the legislation for the church. Especially in subjects of morals and criminal law new principles and statutes were enacted. Copenhagen University was reformed into a protestant seminary even though the former faculties were maintained. For that task Johannes Bugenhagen was summoned who also drafted the new church ordinance of 1537. In marriage law protestant principles were introduced. A marriage order was established in 1582.

Cultural and Educational Activities of Ukrainian District School Council of Pokuttia in the Period of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (November 1918 – May 1919)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Andrii Korolko
Keyword(s):  
School Council ◽  
School Councils ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
The West ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
National School ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Education School ◽  
Cultural Sphere

Cultural and educational activities of Ukrainian district school council of Pokuttiain the periodof the West Ukrainian People’s Republic is described in the article; the peculiarities of the legislative ensuring of the process of the national school development are studied; the relations of the Ukrainians with other ethnic communities in the national and cultural sphere are highlighted. In the research the author came to the conclusion confirming that residents of Pokuttia actively took part in the reformation of the national and cultural sphere following the norms of the official legislation of The West Ukrainian People’s Republic; the work of the district school councils was various – from the organization the teachers’ meetings, conferences to the convocations of preparatory courses for pupils, management of the teaching process in district schools; in spite of the declaring international peace, concord and partnership by the authority of The West Ukrainian People’s Republic there were cultural and educational processes in the form of the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation and intentions of the Ukrainian-Jewish dialogue in Pokuttia. Keywords: Pokuttia, education, school, State Secretariat of education and religion, districtschool council, teachers’ meeting, Ukrainian-Jewish relations, Ukrainian-Polish relations

Priesthood Ordination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Stapley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church ◽  
Power And Authority

Early Mormons used the Book of Mormon as the basis for their ecclesiology and understanding of the open heaven. Church leaders edited, harmonized, and published Joseph Smith’s revelation texts, expanding understandings of ecclesiastical priesthood office. Joseph Smith then revealed the Nauvoo Temple liturgy, with its cosmology that equated heaven, kinship, and priesthood. This cosmological priesthood was materialized through sealings at the temple altar and was the context for expansive teachings incorporating women into priesthood. This cosmology was also the basis for polygamy, temple adoption, and restrictions on the participation of black men and women in the church. This framework gave way at the end of the nineteenth century to a new priesthood cosmology introduced by Joseph F. Smith based on male ecclesiastical office. As church leaders expanded the meaning of priesthood to comprise the entire power and authority of God, they struggled to integrate women into church cosmology.

‘The healthe of my soule’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
The Church

Throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, the Howards are usually described as religiously ‘conservative’, resisting the reformist impulse of the Reformation while conforming to the royal supremacy over the Church. The women of the family have played little part in this characterization, yet they too lived through the earliest stages of the Reformation. This chapter shows that what we see is not a family following the lead of its patriarch in religious matters at this early stage of the Reformation, but that this did not stop them maintaining strong kinship relations across the shifting religious spectrum.

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