scholarly journals The basic liberties: An essay on analytical specification

2021 ◽  
pp. 147488512110417
Author(s):  
Stephen K McLeod ◽  
Attila Tanyi
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Social Order ◽  
First Principle ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Liberty Principle ◽  
Generation Problem ◽  
General Conditions

We characterize, more precisely than before, what Rawls calls the ‘analytical’ method of drawing up a list of basic liberties. This method employs one or more general conditions that, under any just social order whatever, putative entitlements must meet for them to be among the basic liberties encompassed, within some just social order, by Rawls’s first principle of justice (i.e. the liberty principle). We argue that the general conditions that feature in Rawls’s own account of the analytical method, which employ the notion of necessity, are too stringent. They ultimately fail to deliver as basic certain particular liberties that should be encompassed within any fully adequate scheme of liberties. To address this under-generation problem, we provide an amended general condition. This replaces Rawls’s necessity condition with a probabilistic condition and it appeals to the standard liberal prohibition on arbitrary coercion by the state. We defend our new approach both as apt to feature in applications of the analytical method and as adequately grounded in justice as fairness as Rawls articulates the theory’s fundamental ideas.

Democratic Rights and the Choice of Economic Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe von Platz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Systems ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
Liberal Socialism ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

AbstractHolt argues that Rawls’s first principle of justice requires democratic control of the economy and that property owning democracy fails to satisfy this requirement; only liberal socialism is fully democratic. However, the notion of democratic control is ambiguous, and Holt has to choose between the weaker notion of democratic control that Rawls is committed to and the stronger notion that property owning democracy fails to satisfy. It may be that there is a tension between capitalism and democracy, so that only liberal socialism can be fully democratic, but if so,we should reject, rather than argue from, the theory of democracy we find in justice as fairness.

scholarly journals Dimensioning a Call Center: Simulation or Queue Theory?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Carino Bouzada
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Queue Theory ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this paper is to establish a dichotomy - opposing analytical methods (such as Queue Theory) to experimental methods (such as Simulation) and discussing their adequateness to complex operations - set up in the matter of dimensioning the handling capacity of a large brazilian call centers company. The literature related to the application of such methods at call centers is reviewed, and the way the question is treated nowadays by the company is described. Then an experimental approach is suggested to be implemented as an alternative methodology to deal with the issue, instead of the analytical method in use. The results obtained are used to justify the adequacy of the experimental approach to the modern call centers operation, as long as it is possible to have the model closer to reality. The main implication points to a better understanding of the operation achieved with the new approach

scholarly journals Quantification of Fructans in Bioethanol Stillage Based On a Simplified Analytical Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zimmermann ◽  
Martin Kaltschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sample Matrix ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Potential Substrate

Abstract Bioethanol stillage, the main by-product of industrial bioethanol production, is a potential substrate for fructans. However, the determination and quantification of fructans in such complex sample matrices is still a challenge for the corresponding analytics to be overcome in order to allow for the identification and utilisation of such unused fructan sources. Especially a possible utilisation or rather the corresponding process development requires appropriate analytics first. Thus, this paper aims to illuminate the basics of fructan quantification in stillage and the corresponding challenges particularly arising with widely used HPLC-RID systems. On this basis, a new approach for fructan quantification is presented based on such HPLC-RID systems allowing for a reliable and especially simple fructan determination in bioethanol stillage for comparably high sample throughput. The developed method performs fructan quantification by determination of fructose and glucose equivalents after a targeted acidic hydrolysis adapted to the respective sample matrix. By means of two different stationary phases, the problem of limited resolution in case of HPLC-RID is overcome and thus measurement errors are reduced. The approach towards the adapted analytical method can be transferred easily to comparable complex sample matrices.

Trust in Technicians in Paleontology Laboratories

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Donahue Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Vertebrate Paleontology ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Skilled Manual Work

New technologies can upset scientific workplaces’ established practices and social order. Scientists may therefore prefer preserving skilled manual work and the social status quo to revolutionary technological change. For example, digital imaging of rock-encased fossils is a valuable way for scientists to “see” a specimen without traditional rock removal. However, interviews in vertebrate paleontology laboratories reveal workers’ skepticism toward computed tomography (CT) imaging. Scientists criticize replacing physical fossils with digital images because, they say, images are more subjective than the “real thing.” I argue that these scientists are also implicitly supporting rock-removal technicians, who are skilled and trusted experts whose work would be made obsolete by widespread implementation of CT scanning. Scientists’ view of CT as a sometimes useful tool rather than a universal new approach to accessing fossils preserves the laboratory community’s social structure. Specifically, by privileging “real” specimens and trusted specimen-processing technicians over images and imaging experts, scientists preserve the lab community’s division of labor and skill, hierarchy between scientists and technicians, and these groups’ identity and mutual trust.

Evaluation of Secondary Flow between Rotating Concentric Spheres Using a Perturbation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
R. Leticia Corral Bustamante ◽  
Antonino H. Pérez ◽  
Alfredo L. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Method ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Newtonian Flow ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Method Show

A new approach to evaluate the Newtonian flow between concentric rotating spheres is introduced in this paper. A general analytic solution to the problem is deduced using a perturbation method that takes into account the primary and secondary flows produced between the spheres, as well as an alternative analytical method. In order to exemplify the results of the previous analysis, six particular cases were studied. The results of the perturbation method show that under certain circumstances the secondary flow is no negligible, as is usually considered, but it is comparable to the value of the primary one. While the analytical method allows us to simulate the flow with results very similar to those of other authors.

A Generalized Approach for the Kinematic Analysis of Planar Mechanisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
D J A Simpson ◽  
J E L Simmons ◽  
G Moldovean
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Displacement Velocity ◽  
Planar Mechanisms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

This paper describes a new approach to the kinematic analysis of planar mechanisms. The basis of the analytical method is a generic four-bar sub-mechanism which is used as the single building block from which other composite mechanisms may be created. A computer program has been written embodying this method and has been demonstrated to operate successfully providing animated displays of displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for a wide range of complex mechanisms.

scholarly journals A New Approach for the Construction of Long-Periodic Perturbations

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Periodic Perturbations ◽  
Small Parameters ◽  
New Form ◽  
Specific Formulation

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study perturbations of planets of a period of some thousands of years. The use of an analytical method allows us to separate all different influences, e.g. near resonances and is combined with the very precise method of the numerical integration. The truncation to low orders can be avoided which is made by analytical methods in using developments with respect to the small parameters inclinations and eccentricities. For this purpose a special form of the Lagrange Equations is used where the terms containing the inverse distancefrom the planet to the perturbing one are separated as it is the most difficult to compute. To develop this a specific formulation has been found where the short periodic terms can precisely be determined. Although the development seems to be of a certain complexity the small numbers of quantities used can be tabulated once and for all in a specific problem. It should be possible to integrate the new form of the Lagrange Equations within a reasonable computer-time to determine the long periodic perturbations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Alloying System in Ni-Base Superalloys Based on Ab Initio Study of Impurity Segregation to Ni Grain Boundary

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vsevolod I. Razumovskiy ◽  
A.Y. Lozovoi ◽  
Igor M. Razumovskii ◽  
Andrei V. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Bulk Alloy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alloying Additions ◽  
Alloying System ◽  
Impurity Segregation ◽  
Work Of Separation ◽  
Polycrystalline Alloys ◽  
Interatomic Bonding

A new approach to the design of Ni-based polycrystalline superalloys is proposed. It is based on a concept that under given structural conditions, the performance of superalloys is determined by the strength of interatomic bonding both in the bulk and at grain boundaries of material. We characterize the former by the cohesive energy of the bulk alloy, whereas for the latter we employ the work of separation of a representative high angle grain boundary. On the basis of our first principle calculations we suggest Hf and Zr as “minor alloying additions” to Ni-based alloys. Re, on the other hand, appears to be of little importance in polycrystalline alloys.

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