Real time Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator: Simulation research from the perspective of life cycle assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022098119
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ye Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Slow Steaming ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Assessment Result ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Result

CO2 emissions during ship building, maintenance, and scrapping are not be involved when defining Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). However, these CO2 emissions can only show its value during operation phase of ship life. In order to evaluate the effect of CO2 emissions during ship building, maintenance, and scrapping on energy efficiency, a real time EEOI definition was put forward, a life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation framework was established, and a ship propulsion model with main diesel engine was built. A bulker carrier YUMING was taken as the case ship. CO2 emissions during ship building, maintenance, and scrapping were calculated. Main engine revolution and real time EEOI value with other parameters were obtained by simulating in different ship draft. The results show that life cycle assessment result will explicitly increase the real time EEOI value especially in lower engine speed and lower ship draft. The engine revolution at the lowest EEOI value will increase explicitly by life cycle assessment result. It means that the lower limit of ship speed should increase during slow steaming. Therefore, slow steaming may bring less environmental benefit if the life cycle assessment result is involved.

scholarly journals Comparative life cycle assessment of various energy efficiency designs of a container-based housing unit in China: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 107358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Satola ◽  
A.B. Kristiansen ◽  
A. Houlihan-Wiberg ◽  
A. Gustavsen ◽  
T. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Housing Unit ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

Comparing Energy and Other Measures of Environmental Performance in the Original Manufacturing and Remanufacturing of Engine Components

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Adler ◽  
P. A. Ludewig ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Original Component ◽  
Made In

The remanufacturing industry is rapidly becoming a source of economic growth and environmental benefit. In the past, researchers have presented cost and energy savings due to remanufacturing a variety of products, largely based on the results of industry-wide surveys. However, little or no effort has focused on the life cycle assessment of remanufacturing. In fact, no study has performed a life cycle assessment of engine components, comparing the original component manufacture with remanufactured components. In this paper, a comparison of the original manufacture and remanufacture of components from a typical Caterpillar diesel engine is described. The “gate-to-gate” analysis considers components that represent a majority of the engine assembly by weight. The comparison is made in two measures of environmental performance: energy and material usage.

scholarly journals Advances in Conceptual Ship Design Accounting for the Risk of Environmental Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Yordan Garbatov ◽  
Petar Georgiev Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index

The present paper provides a thorough analysis of the prerequisites in adopting a new paradigm in the conceptual ship design accounting for the environmental pollution driven by maritime transportations. A survey of presently issued IMO environmental requirements outlines the framework within ship design solutions. Identified and carefully examined are several competing optimal design solutions, based on the energy efficiency design index introduced for shipbuilding, operation cost, and the resale costs at the end of the service life, which are used as input variables in a risk-based analysis. Reviewed are the immediate steps taken in the risk-based conceptual ship design to minimise the risk of environmental pollution while considering the life cycle assessment and energy efficiency of the ship propulsion system. Brought forth in the current paper are the results of a study into the concept design of series of containerships operating in the Black Sea for transporting 20, 40 and 45-foot containers aimed at identifying the main dimensions, capacity, visibility, freeboard, stability, bow, and stern design, propulsion complex and propeller design, control and manoeuvrability, seakeeping, energy efficiency design index, capital, and operational expenditures, that leads to the required fright rate for the ships in the range of 4,000 to 14,000 DWT. Accordingly, a bulk carrier’s risk-based concept ship design methodology is employed for the ship life cycle assessment and energy efficiency in pursuance of the optimal design solution in reference to the energy efficiency design index as most applicable to shipbuilding, operation, and resale costs at the end of the service life, and used as input variables in the risk estimate.

scholarly journals Prospects for growing and use of energy crops in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Tryboi ◽  
◽  
T.А. Zheliezna ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gas Emissions

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state, existing obstacles and prospects for growing and using energy crops in Ukraine. Different aspects such as the availability of unused land for cultivation, technical and economic indicators of relevant projects, as well as the results of life cycle assessment of heat production from energy crops are taken into account. Research methods include analysis and processing of official statistics on the area of land of different categories in Ukraine; performance of life cycle assessment for growing energy crops for heat production in terms of energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; carrying out of feasibility study of respective projects. Results of the study show that there are up to 4 million hectares of unused agricultural land in Ukraine annually, which can be used for growing energy crops without creating competition for food production and without violating the criteria of sustainable development. The life cycle of projects for growing perennial energy crops for heat production has high energy efficiency, and the value of greenhouse gas emissions reduction depends significantly on the distance of transportation of biofuels. However, projects for the cultivation of such energy crops as willow, poplar, and miscanthus have economic indicators on the verge of profitability, and therefore may not be attractive enough for investors. Conclusions. Growing and using energy crops is one of the most promising sectors of bioenergy in Ukraine. The advantages of this area are the ability to obtain all types of biofuels (solid, gaseous, liquid biofuels) to replace traditional energy sources, a positive impact on soil (increase in organic matter, phytoremediation of contaminated lands) as well as local economic development and job creation in the regions. To improve the economic performance of the relevant projects, it is necessary to introduce a state subsidy for the cultivation of energy crops at the level of 20-24 thousand UAH per ha, depending on the type of crop.

Analytical, Performance and Prescriptive Measures for Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainability or Energy Efficiency Projects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Lack Of Commitment

Sustainability goals for buildings are highly acclaimed as public and private sector’s contributions to environmental responsibility, resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well-being. All too often a building’s performance does not meet design expectations, particularly a new building’s energy savings projection that overstates achievable performance. Across the high-performing building industry, these unrealistic energy performance goals have come from, among other things, inadequate modeling and benchmarking practices, unreliable monitoring and equipment controls systems, and significant changes in space usage and tenant improvements. There is still lack of commitment to include operations staff in goal setting and provide adequate budgets for periodic benchmarking, commissioning, and tuning of buildings’ mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. This paper provides the analytical, performance & prescriptive measures for life cycle assessment of energy efficiency projects which can help in making adaptive changes to buildings systems to suit changing uses, or other internal and external factors that directly or indirectly affect performance.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Ioakimidis ◽  
Alberto Murillo-Marrodán ◽  
Ali Bagheri ◽  
Dimitrios Thomas ◽  
Konstantinos Genikomsakis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Energy Storage Unit

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) study that examines a number of scenarios that complement the primary use phase of electric vehicle (EV) batteries with a secondary application in smart buildings in Spain, as a means of extending their useful life under less demanding conditions, when they no longer meet the requirements for automotive purposes. Specifically, it considers a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery to analyze four second life application scenarios by combining the following cases: (i) either reuse of the EV battery or manufacturing of a new battery as energy storage unit in the building; and (ii) either use of the Spanish electricity mix or energy supply by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Based on the Eco-indicator 99 and IPCC 2007 GWP 20a methods, the evaluation of the scenario results shows that there is significant environmental benefit from reusing the existing EV battery in the secondary application instead of manufacturing a new battery to be used for the same purpose and time frame. Moreover, the findings of this work exemplify the dependence of the results on the energy source in the smart building application, and thus highlight the importance of PVs on the reduction of the environmental impact.

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