Monitoring of concrete curing using the electromechanical impedance technique: review and path forward

2019 ◽  
pp. 147592171989306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Yan Lim ◽  
Scott T Smith ◽  
Ricardo Vasquez Padilla ◽  
Chee Kiong Soh
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Technology Modeling ◽  
Early Age Concrete

The ability to monitor the strength development of early-age concrete is an important capability in the laboratory and in the field. Accurate and reliable in situ measurements can inform the appropriate time for removal of formwork and loading of structural elements, as well as determination of batch quality. The piezoelectric-based electromechanical impedance technique is emerging as a viable option for such monitoring needs. The first research articles on the topic started to appear in 2005, and since then, the research field has advanced and has grown in popularity. This article therefore presents the first state-of-the-art review of the topic to date. In this article, existing research is reviewed and sorted into key themes while critical developments as well as knowledge gaps are identified. The topics addressed range from miniaturization of hardware, methods of installation, incorporation of wireless technology, modeling, data interpretation, signal processing, influence of curing, and environmental conditions to a wide range of other practical issues. Previous studies have indicated that the electromechanical impedance technique has the potential to be developed into an autonomous and remote monitoring system, capable of predicting the strength development of early-age concrete structures in real time. An end game is therefore the realization of this capability. Appropriate comments are therefore also provided in this article about this goal. Researchers interested in venturing into this research area shall find this article a useful introduction as well as a state-of-the-art assessment. In addition, the identified research gaps can inform projects for more experienced research teams.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Wireless Monitoring of Early-Age Concrete Strength Gain Using an Innovative Electromechanical Impedance Sensing System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Providakis ◽  
E. V. Liarakos ◽  
E. Kampianakis
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Cracking Control ◽  
Wireless Usb ◽  
Early Age Concrete

Monitoring the concrete early-age strength gain at any arbitrary time from a few minutes to a few hours after mixing is crucial for operations such as removal of frameworks, prestress, or cracking control. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a potential active wireless USB sensing tool that consists of a miniaturized electromechanical impedance measuring chip and a reusable piezoelectric transducer appropriately installed in a Teflon-based enclosure to monitor the concrete strength development at early ages and initial hydration states. In this study, the changes of the measured electromechanical impedance signatures as obtained by using the proposed sensing system during the whole early-age concrete hydration process are experimentally investigated. It is found that the proposed electromechanical impedance (EMI) sensing system associated with a properly defined statistical index which evaluates the rate of concrete strength development is very sensitive to the strength gain of concrete structures from their earliest stages.

Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Splitting Damage Processes for Different Ages of Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 976-980
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Sheng Xing Wu ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Bao Long Wei
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Splitting Failure ◽  
Early Age Concrete ◽  
Damage Processes

A total of 18 specimens’ damage processes of concrete under split load in 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 14d and 28d ages are monitored by acoustic emission (AE) technique and corresponding typical AE characteristics are summarized. The results show that splitting tensile strength of concrete and the number of AE hits are both showing a gradual increase with the growth of age. During the process of splitting failure of concrete specimens in 14d and 28d, AE hits in higher duration and amplitude are collected, It shows that the older concretes tends to release more energy, at last, AE parameters which are in higher correlation with the development of mechanical properties for early age concrete are given. Related research conclusions can provide the foundation for the research of strength development and damage mechanism of early age concretes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Analytical Methods for Estimation of Early-Age Thermal-Shrinkage Stresses in RC Walls

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Klemczak ◽  
A. Knoppik-Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Concrete Element ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Age Concrete ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Concrete Elements

Abstract The volume changes caused by coupled temperature and moisture variations in early-age concrete elements lead to formation of stresses. If a restraint exists along the contact surface of mature concrete against which a new concrete element has been cast, generated stresses are mostly of a restraint origin. In engineering practice a wide range of externally restrained concrete elements can be distinguished such as tank walls or bridge abutments cast against an old set foundation, in which early-age cracking may endanger their durability or functionality. Therefore, for years methods were being developed to predict early-age stresses and cracking risk of externally restrained concrete elements subjected to early-age thermal-moisture effects. The paper presents the comparative study of the most recognised analytical approaches: the method proposed in EC2, the method proposed by ACI Committee 207 and the method developed at the Luleå University of Technology.

Embedded piezoelectric transducers based early-age hydration monitoring of cement concrete added with accelerator/retarder admixtures

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demi Ai ◽  
Chengxing Lin ◽  
Hongping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Effect ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Concrete Hydration ◽  
Early Age Hydration

Accelerator/retarder admixtures are often added into concrete to improve its early-age strength, which needs to be effectively monitored during its hardening process. The electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique has validated its effectiveness for concrete hydration monitoring, this study attempted to extend the EMI technique to monitor 28-day age of strength gain in concrete that added with accelerator/retarder admixtures. Two types of new piezoelectric (PZT) transducers namely cement/aluminum embedded PZT (CEP/AEP) were proposed for EMI monitoring. The feasibility of the CEP and AEP was first verified via finite element analysis, where hydration heat effect on the two types of transducers was comparatively evaluated by numerical modeling. In the experiment, CEP/AEP transducers were applied to monitor the strength gain in concrete cubes, where characteristics of EMI signature and its statistical indices including root mean square deviation (RMSD) and mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) were analyzed and correlated to strength development in concrete. Monitoring results demonstrated that concrete hydration triggered by retarder/accelerator were successfully captured by EMI signature. RMSD and MAPD indices further indicated that AEP had preferable performance than CEP transducer for monitoring early-age strength gain of concrete, as it could immune from hydration heat effect.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: State-of-the-Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6243
Author(s):  
Alessandro de Sire ◽  
Marco Invernizzi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Rehabilitative Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Musculoskeletal rehabilitation has been receiving growing attention in the scientific research field taking into account the functional consequences of chronic pain that have been frequently underestimated and undertreated. The usual rehabilitative care of a wide range of diseases affecting physical function and independence in activities of daily living needs to be improved with novel approaches. In this scenario, the recent literature has highlighted the great advantages of multidisciplinary and comprehensive pain management. The Special Issue highlights the importance of advancements in musculoskeletal rehabilitation in terms of instrumental physical therapies, therapeutic exercise, osteopathic manual therapy, innovative approaches and the correlation with dentistry. Physicians should be aware of the presence of novel therapeutic approaches that are changing the clinical scenario of musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

Nondestructive Curing Monitoring of Early-Age Concrete Using Rayleigh Wave Velocity

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Woo Shin ◽  
Chung Bang Yun
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Rayleigh Wave Velocity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Early Age Concrete

A modified one-sided Rayleigh wave (R-wave) velocity measurement technique is applied to monitor the strength gain of early-age concrete. A series of experiments were performed on early-age concrete specimens with various curing conditions. The results show that the R-wave velocity and strength gain has a strong relationship and that the R-wave velocity can be effectively used to monitor the strength development of the early-age concrete.

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