scholarly journals Profits Uber everything? The gig economy and the morality of category work

2019 ◽  
pp. 147612701989450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joep Cornelissen ◽  
Magdalena Cholakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Moral Basis ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Do So

In this essay, we address the question of how the strategic and organizational activities of on-demand sharing economy companies such as Uber are labeled and classified. We approach this question through a categorization lens and explore in particular whether sharing economy companies can legitimately frame the individuals who work for them as “independent workers” and what this implies for the nature of the employment relationship in such on-demand business models. Our overall aim in doing this is twofold. First, we highlight and address an important categorization issue in our current society, which has potentially far-reaching consequences for the nature of employment and the securities and protections that workers used to enjoy in many parts of the world. Second, we advance prior research in the strategy and organizational domain by elaborating how acts of categorization are inherently moral and political in nature. In this way, we aim to provoke researchers toward studying the moral basis of categorization work and we provide pointers in this essay for how they might do so.

Humans as a Service

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremias Prassl
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Stable Employment

The rise of the gig economy is disrupting business models across the globe. Platforms’ digital work intermediation has had a profound impact on traditional conceptions of the employment relationship. The completion of ‘tasks’, ‘gigs’, or ‘rides’ in the (digital) crowd fundamentally challenges our understanding of work in modern labour markets: gone are the stable employment relationships between firms and workers, replaced by a world in which everybody can be ‘their own boss’ and enjoy the rewards—and face the risks—of independent businesses. Is this the future of work? What are the benefits and challenges of crowdsourced work? How can we protect consumers and workers without stifling innovation? Humans as a Service provides a detailed account of the growth and operation of gig-economy platforms, and develops a blueprint for solutions to the problems facing on-demand workers, platforms, and their customers. Following a brief introduction to the growth and operation of on-demand platforms across the world, the book scrutinizes competing narratives about ‘gig’ work. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, it explores how claims of ‘disruptive innovation’ and ‘micro-entrepreneurship’ often obscure the realities of precarious work under strict algorithmic surveillance, and the return to a business model that has existed for centuries. Humans as a Service shows how employment law can address many of these problems: gigs, tasks, and rides are work—and should be regulated as such. A concluding chapter demonstrates the broader benefits of a level playing field for consumers, taxpayers, and innovative entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Employees, workers and the ‘sharing economy’ Changing practices and changing concepts in The United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Freedland ◽  
Jeremias Prassl
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
High Profile ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Changing Practices ◽  
Employment Rights

Abstract: Recent years have seen a radical shift in the practice and profile of the labour economy in the United Kingdom consisting in the considerable growth of the so-called ‘Sharing Economy’ or ‘Gig Economy’, better identified as the ‘On-demand Economy’. From that starting point, it is argued that a corresponding change seems to have occurred in the set of concepts which the labour/ employment law of the United Kingdom uses to analyse and to characterize the work relations and work contracts which are created, made, and operated within this rapidly growing sector of the labour market. Two recent high-profile Employment Tribunal decisions in the Uber and Citysprint cases, and a decision of the Court of Appeal in this same area in the Pimlico Plumbers case have served to confirm the legislative creation of a third intermediate category of ‘workers’ who benefit from a set of employment rights which is more limited than that enjoyed by employees but which is nevertheless very important. This crystallization of labour law’s newly tripartite taxonomy of work relations has occurred very largely in the context of the on-demand economy, and is beneficial to those located in that sector. This is, however, a rather fragile conceptual structure.Keywords: employees, workers, ‘sharing economy’, ‘on-demand economy’, recent cases in UK.

scholarly journals Digital transformation and new business models as determinants of formation of the economy of nontypical employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kolot ◽  
Oksana Herasymenko
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
New Business ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Work And Employment ◽  
New Business Models

With the development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the formation of a new technological basis – “Industry 4.0” - a dynamic multi-vector transformation of the leading institutes of economy and society takes place, social and labor relations in general and employment in particular acquire new format and content. The quintessence of the article is a scientific-applied substantiation of the construct of nontypical employment economy, scientific argumentation and further development of previous researches of authors regarding determinants of gig-economy formation under the influence of economic and social development “digitalization” and emergence of new business models. that radically change all components of the world of work. New facets of the complex world of work and employment have been revealed and the increase of the newest knowledge in this field has been received under systematic research of a chain of changes: introduction of “Industry 4.0” breakthrough technologies → “digitalization” as a dominant vector of technological innovations → formation of new business models → changes in social division of labor and the content of labor processes → the emergence and intensive development of employment forms immanent to the new (digital) economy. It is substantiated that the main root cause, a kind of “trig- ger” for the emergence and reproduction of the chain of researched changes is digital transformation of the economy and society. The essence of today’s phenomena, which determine the development of the “gig economy”, is revealed. The argumentation of the spread of platform business models and their impact on the world of work and employment is given. A new theoretical construction of a chain of changes, the “output” of which is new forms and, a new platform for social and labor developmen t in general, has been suggested. The research focuses on finding answers to a number of questions posed to every conscious person. Among them are the following ones: Why can’t the modern economy “get along” with traditional (standard) forms of employment? Why does atypicality become not the exception but the norm? How do specific mechanisms and tools for transforming standard forms of employment into new ones, which are immanent to modern conditions of economic and social progress, behave in practice?

scholarly journals Model Pengembangan Bisnis BUMDes berdasarkan Pendekatan Sharing Economy dan Gig Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Jaka Sudewa ◽  
Mohammad Fahreza
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
New Business

In an effort to encourage MSMEs, especially BUMDes Bhakti, the main village of Cilembu, it is necessary to develop a new business model, namely by utilizing opportunities by implementing the digital economy so that BUMDes business activities can operate properly and can follow business developments, so that the purpose of bumdes can be achieved, namely improving services to the community and empowering villages as autonomous regions with regard to productive efforts and improving business. emandirian and village capacity in strengthening the economy. This research aims to find out the potential and business barriers of BUMDes Bhakti Utama, knowing the efforts of BUMDes Bhakti Utama Cilembu in reviving bumdes business that is currently vacuum and to formulate a sharing economy and gig economy model so that the right business model is found for BUMDes, especially BUMDes Bhakti Utama that can be developed and operate in Cilembu Village so that it has a business development strategy that is in accordance with current conditions.  Thus, this study has a contribution, both in the development of theory and in the business practices of sharing economy and gig economy in efforts to empower the village economy. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, which is presented in the form of drawings, tables and descriptions. This descriptive analysis method is processed based on elements of the Business Model Canvas and conducted an analysis of the potential and obstacles of businesses and then analyzed based on the sharing economy and gig economy approach to get the sharing economy and gig economy model. Furthermore, SWOT and PESTEL analysis is carried out to assess the extent to which new business models can be used so that alternative strategies / efforts can be formulated.  

Levelling the Playing Field

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremias Prassl
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Gig Economy

This chapter considers the implications of the on-demand economy for consumers and markets. It shows how, for both consumers and workers, the on-demand bargain can unravel rather quickly: users potentially end up paying a much higher price and receive worse-quality services than promised. In addition, the gig-economy business model can lead to significant tax losses, as taxpayers are left to make up the shortfall and subsidize the industry in myriad ways. When these problems for consumers, workers, and taxpayers are added to the questionable economics behind many platforms’ business models, as discussed in the first chapter, it is not difficult to see why some suggest that the platforms should be banned. This chapter, however, argues against such drastic moves: we would destroy all benefits and innovation, and leave at least some consumers and workers worse off. Employment law is key to creating a level playing field for competition, which fosters innovation.

scholarly journals Social Payments: Innovation, Trust, Bitcoin, and the Sharing Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taylor C. Nelms ◽  
Bill Maurer ◽  
Lana Swartz ◽  
Scott Mainwaring
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Business ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
Rapid Transformation

The payments industry – the business of transferring value through public and corporate infrastructures – is undergoing rapid transformation. New business models and regulatory environments disrupt more traditional fee-based strategies, and new entrants seek to displace legacy players by leveraging new mobile platforms and new sources of data. In this increasingly diversified industry landscape, start-ups and established players are attempting to embed payment in ‘social’ experience through novel technologies of accounting for trust. This imagination of the social, however, is being materialized in gated platforms for payment, accounting, and exchange. This paper explores the ambiguous politics of such experiments, specifically those, like Bitcoin or the on-demand sharing economy, that delineate an economic imaginary of ‘just us’ – a closed and closely guarded community of peers operating under the illusion that there are no mediating institutions undergirding that community. This provokes questions about the intersection of payment and publics. Payment innovators’ attenuated understanding of the social may, we suggest, evacuate the nitty-gritty of politics.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS FOR THE SHARING ECONOMY IN TOURISM: THE CASE OF AIRBNB IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Vendula Fialova ◽  
Ivanka Vasenska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The World ◽  
One Way Anova

The concept of the sharing economy is spreading all over the world. From car rides to home sharing to tool rentals, the sharing economy offers all this and much more. Its business models are mediated through digital platforms that allow for a more accurate real-time measurement of spare capacities and can dynamically connect these capacities to those who need them; an example of such platform is Airbnb. Currently, international tourism has been completely paralyzed, and tourists around the world have been canceling their reservations. As of mid-March 2020, this applies to all customers worldwide. Property owners thus lost their sources of income for the coming weeks and the effects have been especially harsh for landlords using the Airbnb portal. In Czech Republic, most landlords using the Airbnb platform are in Bratislava, where less than a thousand properties are on offer. In other cities, the rental offer is more restricted. This research paper examinesthe impact of Covid-19 on occupancy of vacation rentals offered via Airbnb, by comparing and analyzing the expected and actual numbers of guests. The introduction outlines the theoretical approaches to the sharing economy and the way the Airbnb platform works. In the methodology section, a one-way ANOVA is described and applied. The results are followed by comparison of expectations and reality, discussion, and conclusions.

Digital economy: e-business and e-Commerce Management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лариса Лапидус ◽  
Larisa Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
The World ◽  
On Line

The monograph "Digital Economy: E-Business and E-Commerce Management" is the result of many years of scientific work of Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University Lapidus. This is the first complete and comprehensive study devoted to one of the most pressing issues of our time – Digital Economy. Themonographrevealstheessenceofthedigitaleconomy, substantiatesthechangestakingplaceinthemodelsofproduction, distribution, exchange and consumption. The objective reasons for digitalization of economy have been analyzed. The reasons of transition to the new model of joint consumption of Sharing Economy are grounded. The processes of reducing the life cycle of innovations, increasing competition for the Internet audience and a record growth of companies' capitalization are explained. The influence of the digital economy on various spheres of business is shown. Theoretical propositions and practical recommendations for managing e-business and e-commerce are presented in terms of the transformation of business models under the influence of the evolution of digital technologies. The branch peculiarities of e-business and e-commerce development in transport, on-line travel, in catering and in the market of on-line food delivery, in the digital content market in the segment of computer games, in the segment of music services (streaming services) and etc.are studied. The principles of business modeling, the features of building business models for different market segments (B2B, B2C, C2C, etc.), success factors and risks of electronic commerce are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to the world practice of successfully building effective business models of e-business and e-commerce from the birth of a business idea to market launch, embedding e-business tools in the development strategy of traditional companies. The business models Free-to-Play, Freemium-model, Print-on-Demand, Sharing Economy, Full-Crowdsourcing, Donation, etc., the basics of monetizing network communities, the structure of Facebook income, WhatsApp, LINE, success factors and risks of electronic business, features of building an electronic marketing system, managing advertising and business promotion in a digital economy are revealed. Particular attention is paid to innovative e-commerce technologies and their impact on consumer behavior, the formation of new markets and changing the nature of companies that conduct business on the Internet, taking into account the world trends and features of conducting electronic business in Russia. The possibilities of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, Internet of things (IoT), BIG DATA, artificial intelligence based on Machine Learning technologies, virtual and augmented reality, robotization, 3D printers are considered. Features of management of an infrastructure of electronic business and electronic commerce are revealed.

scholarly journals World Cinema, vod Platforms and the Western Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Constantin Parvulescu
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Global Cinema ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

The article explores the concept of world cinema as an other to global cinema from a marketing perspective. Special attention is given to the way the world cinema universe is presented on video-on-demand platforms in Western markets. To demonstrate that the stories, scope and concerns of this universe vary according to marketing objectives, the article compares presentations on three platforms with contrasting business models and marketing algorithms: Netflix, Filmin, and FilmDoo. This leads to an important conclustion: presentations on platforms with an apparently more ethical business model are not necessarily more progressive and more advantageous to world cinema in terms of avoiding its “genre-fication”.

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