What are the effects of screen time on emotion regulation and academic achievements? A three-wave longitudinal study on children from 4 to 8 years of age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1476718X2096984
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Massimo Ammaniti
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Children's Activities

The use of digital devices among very young children is quickly spreading, although the effects of screen time on emotional and cognitive functioning are still debated. In a sample of N = 422 children and their mothers, this 4-year longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the use of digital devices as smartphones and tablets at 4 years of age is related to later dysregulation symptoms and to lower academic achievements both at 6 and 8 years of age. Children’s mothers were asked whether or not their offspring had access to digital devices and what was their average screen time on a typical day. Mothers were also requested to specify whether they used to participate in their children’s activities during screen time and to report their offspring emotional/behavioral functioning. Children’s teachers were administered the Teachers Report Form including the competence part to evaluate academic achievements and possible dysregulation symptoms of their students. The Structural Equation Modeling showed that screen time at 4 years of age, the child was directly, positively and significantly associated with dysregulation and negatively associated with mathematics and literacy grades at 8 years of age of the child. These results could help orientate the guidelines for the use of digital devices by very young children.

Optimal Timing for Launching Installation of Tier 2 and 3 Systems of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

2021 ◽  
pp. 109830072199608
Author(s):  
Angus Kittelman ◽  
Sterett H. Mercer ◽  
Kent McIntosh ◽  
Robert Hoselton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Positive Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Tier 3

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine patterns in implementation of Tier 2 and 3 school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS) systems to identify timings of installation that led to higher implementation of advanced tiers. Extant data from 776 schools in 27 states reporting on the first 3 years of Tier 2 implementation and 359 schools in 23 states reporting on the first year of Tier 3 implementation were analyzed. Using structural equation modeling, we found that higher Tier 1 implementation predicted subsequent Tier 2 and Tier 3 implementation. In addition, waiting 2 or 3 years after initial Tier 1 implementation to launch Tier 2 systems predicted higher initial Tier 2 implementation (compared with implementing the next year). Finally, we found that launching Tier 3 systems after Tier 2 systems, compared with launching both tiers simultaneously, predicted higher Tier 2 implementation in the second and third year, so long as Tier 3 systems were launched within 3 years of Tier 2 systems. These findings provide empirical guidance for when to launch Tier 2 and 3 systems; however, we emphasize that delays in launching advanced systems should not equate to delays in more intensive supports for students.

The Embedded Paradox of Organizational Turnover and Professional Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973152098453
Author(s):  
Guanghuai Zheng ◽  
Haijuan Liu ◽  
Yean Wang ◽  
Beili Chen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Person Environment Fit

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of professional autonomy (PA) and person–environment fit (person–job [PJ] fit and person–organization [PO] fit) on turnover intention (TI). Methods: We take a total of 1,133 professional social workers with formal educational background from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study 2019 as our sample and use structural equation modeling as our analysis method. Results: We find that an increase in person–environment fit is significantly associated with a decrease in Chinese social workers’ organizational TI, and this relationship is mediated by PA. However, PA has greater power to buffer the effects of PJ fit than those of PO fit on TI. Conclusions: This finding improves existing understanding of the paradox of social workers embedded in the community. An occupational environment that promotes PA is urgently needed to address this paradox and to prevent social workers’ TI.

Aggression, social competence, and academic achievement in Chinese children: A 5-year longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyin Chen ◽  
Xiaorui Huang ◽  
Lei Chang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cascade Effects ◽  
School Records

AbstractThe primary purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine, in a sample of Chinese children (initial M age = 8 years, N = 1,140), contributions of aggression to the development of social competence and academic achievement. Five waves of panel data on aggression and social and school performance were collected from peer evaluations, teacher ratings, and school records in Grades 2 to 5. Structural equation modeling revealed that aggression had unique effects on later social competence and academic achievement after their stabilities were controlled, particularly in the junior grades. Aggression also had significant indirect effects on social and academic outcomes through multiple pathways. Social competence and academic achievement contributed to the development of each other, but not aggression. The results indicate cascade effects of aggression in Chinese children from a developmental perspective.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study on Construction Organization’s BIM Acceptance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5358
Author(s):  
Seulki Lee ◽  
Jungho Yu
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Construction Organization ◽  
Acceptance Model

The Korean domestic market is focused on the introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling) owing to an influx of investment due to increased interest and mandatory application of BIM. However, the rate of BIM introduction is high, while BIM user proficiency is low. Against these problems, the authors proposed an acceptance model for BIM in construction organizations in 2012. As the number of BIM application cases increases and the number of BIM-trained users increases as time goes on, BIM users’ positive perception of BIM values are expected to increase, which may change the BIM acceptance mechanism. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study of the 2012 BIM acceptance model against 2019 data to estimate changes in factors affecting BIM acceptance attitudes as well as the mechanism of the relationships between factors over time spent using the technology. To generalize the results, the respondents were spread across construction sites. The data obtained 119 samples from a sample of experienced users of BIM. We used AMOS 21.0 for hypothesis testing of structural equation modeling (SEM), and the 2019 BIM acceptance model was compared against the 2012 acceptance model using an independent sample t-test. As a result, it was confirmed that the 2012 BIM acceptance model is still suitable for describing the BIM acceptance mechanism of the construction organization, and there was a difference between the 2012 model and the 2019 model. This seems to have changed the mechanism of BIM acceptance by being change perception of BIM users as time goes on. The results of this study can be used to establish a BIM activation strategy for each BIM acceptance stage and are expected to be applicable to establishing a BIM activation strategy for construction organizations or countries with similar BIM acceptance stage.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Overprotection on Social Competence in Young Children: The Mediating Role of Young Children’s Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-653
Author(s):  
Young Sun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Overprotective Parenting ◽  
Children’S Anxiety

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of maternal overprotection on the development of young children’s social competence through their anxiety. In this study, maternal overprotection was defined as anxiously shielding their young children from having negative experiences and maintaining developmentally inappropriate intrusive and permissive parenting for their children.Methods: Participants were 183 mothers and 18 teachers with young children aged from four to six years. Mothers rated themselves on the degree of their overprotecting behaviors measured by a maternal overprotection scale for young children (Y. S. Chung & Park, 2021). Teachers rated young children’s anxiety and social competence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a structural equation model. Bootstrapping method was applied to examine the significance of the mediating effects.Results: First, there were significant correlations between maternal overprotection, young children’s anxiety and social competence. Second, structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized relations among maternal overprotection, young children’s anxiety and social competence after controlling with young children’s gender, maternal academic background, and monthly household income. And the level of young children’s anxiety mediated the relationship between overprotective parenting and young children’s social competence.Conclusion: This study showed that mother’s overprotective parenting was associated with varying levels of young children’s anxiety and social competence. Additionally the maternal overprotection linked with children’s social competence indirectly through their anxiety. These findings offer basic knowledge applicable to parent education and the for the development of program for improving parenting behaviors. The limitations and other implications of this study are also discussed.

Does CSR influence firm performance? A longitudinal study of SME sectors of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Robert Sroufe ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
Yasir Ahmed Solangi ◽  
Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities influence firm performance based on a longitudinal survey for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Empirical studies suggest that the SME sector plays an essential role in the economic development of Pakistan and can be considered the backbone of the economy. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected from SMEs located in the cities of Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad in Pakistan. A well-designed questionnaire was administrated over 240 entrepreneurs to analyze and measure the impact of CSR on financial performance for a 12-month period. The authors used econometric analysis of the data using structural equation modeling. Findings Results reveal significant relationships between CSR and two determinants of firm performance, namely, employee commitment and corporate reputation. Research limitations/implications Findings of the study are important for policymakers, entrepreneurs and other professionals in SMEs sectors both in under-developed and, with further application and exploration, in developing countries. Originality/value There is no single longitudinal study prior to this has been carried out on the relationships of CSR and firm performance in the SME sector in the context of the Pakistani economy. Hence, this study significantly fills an important gap in the research.

scholarly journals A Reflection on Controversial Literature on Screen Time and Educational Apps Use in 0–5 Years Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4641
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Behavioral Functioning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Functioning ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Over the last five years, there has been a significant increase in screen time and apps usage by children under five years old. The considerable growth in usage by very young children has not corresponded to conclusive and consistent research investigating its possible benefits and risks. This article proposes a brief overview of recent results in this field, specifically focusing on the use of educational apps and their positive, null, and/or negative outcomes on young children’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. The aim of the present article is to stimulate the development and advancement of evidence-based guidelines that caregivers and educators could adopt to regulate very young children’s engagement with digital technologies.

Withdrawn Behavior, Leisure-Time Exercise Behavior, and Screen-Time Sedentary Behavior in a Clinical Sample of Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Schreck ◽  
Robert Althoff ◽  
Meike Bartels ◽  
Eco de Geus ◽  
Jeremy Sibold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Withdrawn Behavior

Few studies have explored the relation between withdrawn behavior (WB) and exercise and screen time. The current study used exploratory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of leisure-time exercise behavior (LTEB) and screentime sedentary behavior (STSB) in a clinical sample of youth. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relations between WB and LTEB and STSB, conditional on gender. WB was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, and LTEB and STSB were measured using the Vermont Health Behavior Questionnaire. LTEB and STSB emerged as two separate factors. Gender moderated the structure of STSB only. For boys and girls, WB was inversely related to LTEB but not significantly related to STSB. LTEB and STSB are best represented as distinct, uncorrelated constructs. In addition, withdrawn youth may be at risk for poor health outcomes due to lower rates of LTEB. Mental health clinicians, sports psychologists, and related providers may be uniquely qualified to enhance motivation for sports participation in withdrawn youth.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale in Italian Young Children: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Sette ◽  
Antonio Zuffianò ◽  
Fabio Lucidi ◽  
Fiorenzo Laghi ◽  
Antonia Lonigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Italian Children

The study analyzed the factorial and concurrent validity of the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) using an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) approach. Participants were 368 Italian children aged 3 to 6 ( M = 4.60, SD = 0.98). The three-factor ESEM solution fit the data better than the classical confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and the measurement invariance of the scale was confirmed across sex and age (3-4 vs. 5-6 years) groups. The concurrent validity of the STRS was investigated within the ESEM approach using children’s social behaviors as validity criteria. Findings supported the goodness of ESEM over CFA and attested to the validity of the STRS to understanding the teacher–child relationship quality in young children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document