Loneliness in prison

European Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/1477370820988836 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147737082098883

Author(s):

Anna Schliehe ◽

Julie Laursen ◽

Ben Crewe

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Space And Time ◽

Fitting In ◽

Empty Time

At first glance, contemporary prisons are environments defined by an ‘enforced collective’ (Goffman, [1961] 1991) and prisoners are, if anything, plagued by ‘life en masse’ (Sykes, 1958), yet the depth and weight of loneliness in prison can be intense. Prisons are often associated with metaphors of loneliness, disruption and empty time, and, as Armstrong (2018) highlights, imprisonment is an exemplary symbol for being stuck in space and time. Based on empirical data from a study of imprisonment in England & Wales and Norway, in this article we analyse several forms of loneliness found in prisons and beyond, from the visceral, immediate sense of being physically alone and separated from loved ones to the ethical or existential experience of abandonment and hopelessness. We conclude by pointing to the fact that the two otherwise very different penal contexts yield similar findings when it comes to the experiences of loneliness. This implies that the sense of not fitting in, of being ‘ethically alone’ (Stauffer, 2015) and essentially misrecognized (Lister in Fraser and Bourdieu, 2007), goes beyond specific prisons and jurisdictions. We also note that, as well as evoking feelings of loneliness, in some circumstances imprisonment can provide some respite from it.

Download Full-text

Oceanic accumulation: Geographies of speculation, overproduction, and crisis in the global shipping economy

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x18781084 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 467-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elizabeth A Sibilia

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Fixed Capital ◽

The Other ◽

Global Capital ◽

Historical Significance ◽

Space And Time

Since the mid-1960s, the shipping sector has been characterized by periods of extreme economic growth and equally impressive periods of contraction. Maritime economists, analysts, and brokers refer to the contraction as the sector suffering from surplus capacity, or the problem of ‘disequilibrium’ between supply and demand. However, this explanation describes the symptom and ignores the other dynamics unfolding across space and time that undergird the condition of this ‘disequilibrium’: how value is produced in, and capital circulates through, the shipping sector, with a material set of implications for labor and the environment. Using empirical data on shipping markets alongside market reports and data collected from fieldwork, this paper brings into conversation two practices and places—Bangladesh’s shipbreaking yards and the laying up of ships in Singapore’s ‘outer port limits’—as a way to analyze the expanding scale of capital circulating in and through the shipping sector since the mid-1960s. Crucial to this analysis is the prioritization of the ship as fixed capital, how value is produced through this fixed form, and how fixed capital becomes devalued. The data also reveals the historical significance of shipbreaking and laying up ships in outer port limits for the reproduction of global capital on an expanding scale.

Download Full-text

A drifting phenomenon: organizational change failure in a becoming view

Journal of Organizational Change Management ◽

10.1108/jocm-11-2018-0310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 605-620

Author(s):

Signe Bruskin

Keyword(s):

Organizational Change ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Organizational Changes ◽

Content Type ◽

Space And Time ◽

Everyday Practices ◽

The Everyday ◽

Combination Of Methods ◽

Desk Research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of organizational change failure through an emic approach. Grounded in empirical examples, the paper unfolds why the phenomenon seems to be missing from the literature of the becoming view (e.g. Tsoukas and Chia, 2002). Design/methodology/approach Inspired by the methodological strategy of “studying through,” organizational changes are followed through space and time within the setting of a Nordic bank, from where the empirical data have been collected via longitudinal study. The empirical data are generated through a combination of methods: shadowing, interviews, in situ observations and desk research in order to capture the ever-changing phenomenon of organizational change. Findings The paper finds that organizational changes drift away, either by slipping into the everyday practices of the organization, or by drifting away in time when history is reinterpreted. The paper concludes that organizational change failures suffer the same fate as organizational changes more generally and drift away in space and time. Originality/value The paper contributes to the becoming view by illustrating how methodologically an ever-changing phenomenon such as organizational change can be studied. Further, it contributes to the field of organizational change failure by unpacking the fate of organizational change failure when change is natural and slippery in nature. The paper includes reflections on what the consequences might be for praxis.

Download Full-text

Background Fitting in the Low-Loss Region of Electron Energy Loss Spectra

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100133874 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 56-57

Author(s):

C P Scott ◽

A J Craven ◽

C J Gilmore ◽

A W Bowen

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Multiple Scattering ◽

Simple Form ◽

Single Scattering ◽

Low Loss ◽

Characteristic Energy ◽

Normal Method ◽

Fitting In ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Electron Energy Loss Spectra

The normal method of background subtraction in quantitative EELS analysis involves fitting an expression of the form I=AE-r to an energy window preceding the edge of interest; E is energy loss, A and r are fitting parameters. The calculated fit is then extrapolated under the edge, allowing the required signal to be extracted. In the case where the characteristic energy loss is small (E < 100eV), the background does not approximate to this simple form. One cause of this is multiple scattering. Even if the effects of multiple scattering are removed by deconvolution, it is not clear that the background from the recovered single scattering distribution follows this simple form, and, in any case, deconvolution can introduce artefacts.The above difficulties are particularly severe in the case of Al-Li alloys, where the Li K edge at ~52eV overlaps the Al L2,3 edge at ~72eV, and sharp plasmon peaks occur at intervals of ~15eV in the low loss region. An alternative background fitting technique, based on the work of Zanchi et al, has been tested on spectra taken from pure Al films, with a view to extending the analysis to Al-Li alloys.

Download Full-text

Languages in Space and Time

10.1017/9781108480659 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Patriarca ◽

Els Heinsalu ◽

Jean Leó Leonard

Keyword(s):

Space And Time

Download Full-text

On Space and Time

10.1017/cbo9781139644259 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alain Connes ◽

Michael Heller ◽

Roger Penrose ◽

John Polkinghorne ◽

Andrew Taylor

Keyword(s):

Space And Time

Download Full-text

An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice ◽

10.1024/0939-5911/a000563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (5-6) ◽

pp. 295-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Debi A. LaPlante ◽

Heather M. Gray ◽

Pat M. Williams ◽

Sarah E. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Peer Review ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Expansion Method ◽

Responsible Gambling ◽

Review Literature ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Empirical Comparison ◽

Related Harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.

Download Full-text

Under- and Over-Estimation

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000064 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Virginie Crollen ◽

Julie Castronovo ◽

Xavier Seron

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Numerical Estimation ◽

Production Task ◽

Estimation Task ◽

Reproduction Task ◽

Perception Task ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Mapping Hypothesis ◽

Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

Download Full-text