VALUE AT RISK (VAR) METODE DELTA-NORMAL BERDASARKAN DURASI UNTUK UKURAN RISIKO OBLIGASI PEMERINTAH

A bond is one of invesment instrument that is basically a debt instrument. In investing, beside getting profit there is also the risk of loss. The risk of loss is unavoidable but it can be manageable. The concept of a portfolio in investing is to minimize risk. Value at Risk (VaR) is a method used to measure risk where VaR states the estimated amount of the maximum loss that will be obtained at a certain level of confidence during a certain period in normal market conditions. In this article the risk of bonds FR0053, FR0056, FR0059, FR0061 and portfolio combinations calculated with VaR value of the Delta-Normal method are calculated based on the duration of the bonds. Normality test of the bond market price return is required before calculating VaR. The results obtained if it is assumed that the bonds are purchased at a price of 100 and with a confidence level of 95%, then the portfolio that has the smallest risk is the Bond portfolio of FR0059 and FR0061 with a VaR value Rp 21,436 (Trillions).

​Influence of Iron Coated Seeds on time of Sowing in Wet Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Background: Wet direct seeding technique in rice, which aims to realize labour saving in paddy rice cultivation, has continued to gain popularity in recent years. Because the work of raising and transplanting seedlings can be omitted, wet direct seeding can make an important contribution to labour saving. In wet DSR, iron coated seed that is, seed is coated with iron powder, which increases its weight so that seed settle easily in water and forms a tough coating that preventing birds from eating the seeds. Methods: Studies were conducted during the year 2018 and 2019 at the Department of Rice, TNAU, Coimbatore on influence of iron coated seeds and time of sowing in wet direct seeded rice. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. In main plot, different time of sowing at weekly interval viz., first, second, third and fourth week of August sowing, where as in sub-plot iron coated seeds broadcasting in 1-2 mm water level condition; iron coated seeds broadcasting in wet condition; uncoated seeds broadcasting in 1-2 mm water level condition; uncoated seeds broadcasting in wet condition and normal method of transplanting. Result: The results indicated that iron coated seeds of variety Swarna, broadcasting in 1-2 mm water level condition during the first fortnight of August sowing resulted higher grain yield (5653 kg/ha) when compared delayed sowing. The Fe coating significantly increased grain yield over non-coating. Iron coated seeds recorded lesser occurrence of pest and disese incidence when compared to un-coated seeds.

An Approach of Detecting the Age of a Human by Extracting the Face Parts and Applying the Hierarchical Methods

One of the key challenges that the computer vision is facing is the age prediction. A well efficient CNN is selected for age prediction by performing various CNN operations by taking the categories as age 40 and above age 40. The selected CNN method obtained a training accuracy of 100% at more than 100 epochs. Hence, 100 epochs is considered for training. At this, the validation accuracy achieved is 84.9%. Three kinds of age phases with an age gap of 20,10 and 5 are used to predict the age. The normal method results in very less accuracy. Hence a hierarchical method is formulated. Under the hierarchical method, CNN is trained to estimate the age gaps in decreasing order. Hence not a single classifier, a group of classifiers are used for testing the image. From traditional method to hierarchical method, the 20 age gap accuracy increased from 27% to above 60%, ten age gap increased from 12% to above 35%, and five age gap increased from 5.5% to above 21%. To improve further, the features of the face parts are derived and combined which improves the efficiency compared to normal method, but not good accuracy as Hierarchical method. The combination of hierarchical method along with the face feature extraction method results in a considerable improvement in accuracy.

The Impact of Rebate Distribution on Fairness Concerns in Supply Chains

The reasonable distribution of supply chain profits among supply chain members is the core of the stability of a supply chain. Manufacturer rebates are a normal method to improve the performance of a supply chain and balance profit distribution. Based on consideration of the behavior preferences of supply chain members, in this paper, we study the influence of rebate distribution on supply chain utility. We establish a supply chain utility model, including the proportion of distribution, fairness concern coefficient and effort level, and discuss three different situations of supply chain members. The results show that (i) a manufacturer’s rebate can more effectively improve the utility in a supply chain with fairness perception; (ii) with other conditions unchanged, the fairness perception of supply chain members will have a positive impact on their own utility; and (iii) at the same time, when the party who has more discourse power in the supply chain has a sense of fairness, this is conducive to realizing the stable development of the supply chain through changes in the proportion of rebate distribution.

Seismic imaging of a near-vertical vein using controlled-source seismic interferometry

New methodologies for narrow-vein mining are making thin, steeply dipping mineralized veins economically viable mining targets. Drilling is the normal method for delineation and resource evaluation prior to mining. However, for the evaluation of narrow veins, significant drilling of barren rock is required. Controlled-source seismic interferometry has the potential to significantly decrease the costs of target delineation by providing high-resolution seismic images of thin, steeply dipping mineralized veins. We present a case study that employs seismic interferometry in conjunction with a walkaway vertical seismic profiling survey to image a thin (0.5–4 m), steeply dipping barite vein. The footprint of the seismic data acquisition is relatively small and compatible with operations in areas with limited access (e.g., mining camps). The technique requires some care with experimental design and data processing, but it is clearly demonstrated to produce a high-resolution seismic image. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inversion of the depth-migrated image can be used to quantify vein thickness and provide direct information for resource evaluation and reserve estimation.

E-learning in COVID 19 period: first year students’ perspective: a web-based Google form descriptive study

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the paradigm of medical education. Face-to-face mode of teaching was the basis of traditional medical education. In this crisis situation, e-learning has become the only method of education for continuous learning. In this study, we attempt to find out the students’ perspective of various aspects of e-learning.Methods: For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was prepared to understand student’s attitude towards e-learning, their likes and dislikes about e-learning and also suggestions from their end to improve the existing modes of e-learning. The set of questionnaire (Google forms) along with informed consent was shared via whatsapp group at the end of physiology theory teaching session.Results: 175 first year MBBS students gave their consent and participated in this study. The most preferred method of e-learning was power-point with recorded narration and the least preferred method was live classes. Poor connectivity issue is the major challenge faced by the students in our study.Conclusions: In this COVID-19 era, the future of medical education has changed forever. E-learning is the new normal method of teaching. In order to be effective, students require support from Government, faculties and parents.

Strategic Planning of Regional Development as Instrument of Ensuring Stability and Economic Security of a Territory

Strategic planning of the region is an important and effective method of building a rational system of mechanisms for state management of regional development. The development of a regional strategy makes it possible to identify the reserves of the systemic development of territories, which contributes to the economic growth of the country. Within the framework of strategic planning for the development of the territory, the most acute problem is the forecasting of macroeconomic indicators on which the subsequent strategic plans and programs of the region are based. In this regard, the issues of forecasting indicators and assessing potential risks are highly relevant. The study is aimed to develop a tool for predicting the social-and-economic parameters of the regional system in order to build effective strategic plans for regional development within the framework of the concept of ensuring the sustainability and economic security of the territory. The authors propose an approach based on the delta-normal method for calculating a quantitative risk measure. The approach is adapted to solve the problem of probabilistic assessment of indicators of the state of the system and risks and allows to determine the ranges of changes in the predicted indicator of the gross regional product of the region, considering the probable increments of factor indicators. The results of applying the developed approach may be used as the basis for strategic planning of measures to manage sustainability, economic security and dynamics of the territory’s development.

Economic Depreciation of In-Woods Forestry Equipment in the US South

Forestry machines sold at auctions across the southern United States covering the years 2005 to 2019 (n = 640) were compiled into three equipment categories—rubber-tired feller bunchers, grapple skidders, and trailer-mounted loaders—with inflationary effects removed. The data were discounted by a reliability function derived from a two-parameter Weibull distribution, which defined the probability of future operability at machine hours h and a wrecking value based on each machine’s specified worth as scrap. These adjusted salvage values were then transformed using the Box-Cox normal method. Age affected all fellers and certain manufacturers of skidders and loaders. A significant annual use effect was revealed for fellers and skidders. Interactions of age and use with horsepower revealed that machine size influenced buyers’ feller and skidder purchasing decisions. Manufacturer intercept and slope shifters pointed to potential brand recognition by buyers. Perceived quality differences between manufacturers, however, were not revealed. Depreciation occurred at ever-increasing rates over machine lifetime. Study Implications Salvage value is not simply machine residual (resale) value. The probability of surviving to perform work must be incorporated. Box-Cox transformations revealed that salvage value was not a linear function for any equipment class, nor was a geometric function wholly justifiable. The implication that in-woods forestry equipment depreciated at neither a constant level (straight line) nor percentage rate (declining balance) is an important one. Specifically, incorporating machine reliability and data transformation flexibility revealed that the US tax code provided certain savings to forest equipment owners. More broadly, depreciation affects harvest system costs and ultimately the agreed on value for a timber tract.

Introduction: Sharing Milk

This chapter provides original sociological thinking in order to bear on contemporary gender relations, divisions, and issues of concern to feminists. It analyzes human milk-sharing communities in a large metropolitan area in southeastern United States. It also describes the practices of milk-sharing, the meanings ascribed to human milk, and the labour involved in its production. The chapter builds on existing scholarship and theoretical frameworks to develop a model for understanding contemporary forms of bodily sharing. It explains how feeding of human milk to socially and biologically unrelated infants is a normal method of infant feeding documented throughout human history and in societies around the world.

Nitrogen-doped Carbon Catalyst by Ultrasonic for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into valued chemicals such as formic acid has the most promising potential in applying renewable energy for useful materials and mitigating the greenhouse effect. However, the studies still focus on developing catalysts with low price and high catalytic properties. In this study, nitrogen atoms were decorated into carbon structure by a unique ultrasonic method, then the nitrogen-doped carbon material was applied as catalyst in CO2 reduction, it exhibited excellent electrochemical activity, 4 times higher than the normal method. The improved activity should be attributed to the interaction between nitrogen and carbon atoms through analysis.