scholarly journals Police visibility, trust in police fairness, and collective efficacy: A multilevel Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110353
Author(s):  
Julia Yesberg ◽  
Ian Brunton-Smith ◽  
Ben Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Police Visibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation ◽  
Trust In Police

Areas high in collective efficacy – where residents know and trust one another and are willing to intervene to solve neighbourhood problems – tend to experience less crime. Policing is thought to be one antecedent to collective efficacy, but little empirical research has explored this question. Using three waves of survey data collected from London residents over three consecutive years, and multilevel Structural Equation Modelling, this study tested the impact of police visibility and police–community engagement on collective efficacy. We explored direct effects as well as indirect effects through trust in police. The findings showed levels of police visibility predicted trust in police. Trust in police fairness, in turn, predicted collective efficacy. There was a small indirect relationship between police visibility and collective efficacy, through trust in police fairness. In other words, police presence in neighbourhoods was associated with more positive views about officer behaviour, which in turn was associated with collective efficacy. The findings have important implications for policies designed to build stronger, more resilient communities.

scholarly journals Police visibility, trust in police fairness, and collective efficacy: A multilevel Structural Equation Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Yesberg ◽  
Ben Bradford ◽  
ian brunton-smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Police Visibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation ◽  
Trust In Police

Areas high in collective efficacy—where residents know and trust one another, and are willing to intervene to solve neighbourhood problems—tend to experience less crime. Policing is thought to be one antecedent to collective efficacy, but little empirical research has explored this question. Using three waves of survey data collected from London residents over three consecutive years, and multilevel Structural Equation Modelling, this study tested the impact of police visibility and police-community engagement on collective efficacy. We explored direct effects as well as indirect effects through trust in police. The findings showed both levels of police visibility and police-community engagement predicted trust in police. Trust in police fairness, in turn, predicted collective efficacy. There was a small indirect relationship between police visibility and collective efficacy, through trust in police fairness. In other words, police presence in neighbourhoods was associated with more positive views about officer behaviour, which in turn was associated with collective efficacy. The findings have important implications for policies designed to build stronger, more resilient communities.

Information and Communication Technology Impact on Supply Chain Integration, Flexibility, and Performance

2017 ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Carlos A Talamantes-Padilla ◽  
Jorge Luis. García-Alcaráz ◽  
Aide A. Maldonado-Macías ◽  
Giner Alor-Hernández ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Sánchéz-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, four latent variables will be analyzed to measure the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on the integration, flexibility and performance of Supply Chain (SC). The aim of the exposition is to provide greater understanding for those responsible of the supply chain, and focus efforts on clear objectives. These clear objectives should help those responsible for the supply chain achieve a better performance within organizations. The information analyzed was obtained from a questionnaire provided to 284 managers in companies located in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The results were used to generate a structural equation model in order to learn the relationships between variables. We have postulated six hypotheses regarding the direct, indirect and total effects. The results indicate that there is no direct relationship between ICT integration and SC performance, but an indirect relationship through mediating variables as SC Integration and Flexibility exists.

scholarly journals Impact of destination images to satisfaction of domestic tourists for Dong Thap tourist destination

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Vắng Quang Đàng ◽  
Tuấn Quốc Huỳnh ◽  
Trí Giác Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to examine the impact of the destination image on domestic tourist satisfaction in Dong Thap tourist destination. Group discussion is conducted for 07 tourists to adjust the scale, followed by the interview of 250 domestic tourists (normative sampling method was applied) to 05 typical tourist attractions of Dong Thap province. Besides, the method of data analysis chosen by the authors is to evaluate the structural equation model according to the partial least squares method with the support of the SmartPLS 3.0 tool. The research results have shown that Cognitive images are the premise leading to the formation of emotional images; both the affective image and cognitive image components have a direct and positive effect on the overall image; Only the cognitive and overall image composition directly impact visitor satisfaction. Besides, the authors also found that there is an indirect relationship between the perceptual image and overall image through the emotional image; the indirect relationship between cognitive image and satisfaction through the overall image and the evolution between the affective image and the overall image; Emotional images have an indirect relationship to satisfaction through the overall image. In addition, the authors have not found a significant difference in visitor satisfaction based on gender and age.

Information and Communication Technology Impact on Supply Chain Integration, Flexibility, and Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 888-909
Author(s):  
Carlos A Talamantes-Padilla ◽  
Jorge Luis. García-Alcaráz ◽  
Aide A. Maldonado-Macías ◽  
Giner Alor-Hernández ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Sánchéz-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, four latent variables will be analyzed to measure the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on the integration, flexibility and performance of Supply Chain (SC). The aim of the exposition is to provide greater understanding for those responsible of the supply chain, and focus efforts on clear objectives. These clear objectives should help those responsible for the supply chain achieve a better performance within organizations. The information analyzed was obtained from a questionnaire provided to 284 managers in companies located in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The results were used to generate a structural equation model in order to learn the relationships between variables. We have postulated six hypotheses regarding the direct, indirect and total effects. The results indicate that there is no direct relationship between ICT integration and SC performance, but an indirect relationship through mediating variables as SC Integration and Flexibility exists.

#INCLUSION – THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON THE LEGITIMACY OF ARMED FORCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
EVA MOEHLECKE DE BASEGGIO ◽  
OLIVIA SCHNEIDER ◽  
TIBOR SZVIRCSEV TRESCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
Social Media Communication ◽  
The Impact

The Swiss Armed Forces (SAF), as part of a democratic system, depends on legitimacy. Democracy, legitimacy and the public are closely connected. In the public sphere the SAF need to be visible; it is where they are controlled and legitimated by the citizens, as part of a deliberative discussion in which political decisions are communicatively negotiated. Considering this, the meaning of political communication, including the SAF’s communication, becomes obvious as it forms the most important basis for political legitimation processes. Social media provide a new way for the SAF to communicate and interact directly with the population. The SAF’s social media communication potentially brings it closer to the people and engages them in a dialogue. The SAF can become more transparent and social media communication may increase its reputation and legitimacy. To measure the effects of social media communication, a survey of the Swiss internet population was conducted. Based on this data, a structural equation model was defined, the effects of which substantiate the assumption that the SAF benefits from being on social media in terms of broadening its reach and increasing legitimacy values.

scholarly journals Extending the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: MSEM Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642110124
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Bonito
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Model

The Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM) conceptualizes group composition as a relational construct and provides methods for estimating the effects of compositional characteristics on outcomes of interest. This paper extends the GAPIM to a multilevel structural equation model framework, which expands the range of research questions the GAPIM might address, including those based on input-process-outcome models. Simulations, based on group size, number of groups, effect size, and compositional skewness, provide guidance for designing studies to maximize power to detect compositional effects. Discussion addresses composition in general, especially how “deep” characteristics become manifest and meaningful during interaction.

A New Perspective for Understanding School Managers’ Roles: The Impact of Principals’ Boundary Activities on the Effectiveness of School Management Teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Pascale Benoliel ◽  
Anit Somech
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Increasingly, educational leadership research has stressed that leadership is not solely embedded in formal roles but often emerges from relationships between individuals. Senior management teams (SMTs) are an important expression of a formal management structure based on the principle of distributed leadership. Such structures may require a reconceptualization of school leadership and the role of the principal in such a way as to better meet new challenges and enable principals to manage SMTs more effectively. Accordingly, it is proposed that to improve effectiveness, principals engage in boundary activities, the principals’ internal activities directed toward the SMT aimed at dealing with internal team matters and the principals’ external activities directed toward external agents in the team's focal environment to acquire resources and protect the team. Purpose/Objective The present study attempts to advance a theoretical model of principals’ internal and external activities toward their SMTs. This study's purpose is twofold: First, the study tries to determine which of the internal and external activities principals engage in more frequently and less frequently and to what extent. Second, the study attempts to determine how these activities are related to the SMT effectiveness outcomes: in-role performance and innovation. Taking on a distributive perspective to school leadership, our goal is to extend our knowledge about the activities that might facilitate SMT effectiveness, by highlighting the principal boundary activities as fundamental. Research Design Quantitative study. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected from two sources to minimize problems associated with same source bias: 92 SMTs and their principals from 92 public schools in Israel. Principals evaluated the SMTs’ effectiveness through validated surveys of team in-role performance and team innovation, and SMT members evaluated the internal and external activities of the principal. Findings/Results ANOVA analyses indicate significant mean differences between the principal's internal and external activities. Results from Structural Equation Model indicate that internal activities were related to SMT performance, whereas external activities were related to SMT innovation. Conclusions/Recommendations Principals who manage both the internal SMT dynamic by promoting SMT identity and building team trust, while also promoting a common mission, serve the role of coordinator between SMT members and constituencies external to the SMT, enhancing SMT effectiveness. It may be, then, that studying new models of school leadership and management, including the relationship of the principal and the SMT, may deepen our understanding of the increasingly complex role of principals today.

Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) and Customer Loyalty

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the impact of E-CRM on customer loyalty with the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in the banking industry. Customer satisfaction is important for loyalty because when the customers are satisfied with the services offered by their service providers, the relationship gets stronger which further leads to positive word-of-mouth. The data was collected using purposive sampling from 836 banks’ customers who were using E-CRM services and the data was analyzed using structural equation model (SEM) through AMOS. The results revealed that E-CRM and customer satisfaction had a significant positive impact on customer loyalty and also customer satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between E-CRM and customer loyalty. This study would offer useful acumen to both academicians and marketers and would help the bank managers to improve the quality of the services provided to their customers.

Information Disclosure, Social Responsibility, Trust, and Attitude Affect Loyalty to Housing Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chang Lee ◽  
Yun-Ling Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsin Huang ◽  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Pei-Ru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

We applied a linear structural equation model to explore the impact of information disclosure, social responsibility, trust, and attitude on consumers' loyalty to housing agents. Participants were 466 consumers and potential consumers of housing agency industry services, who completed a survey assessing the variables of interest. Results showed that information disclosure had a direct and significant impact on trust, and an indirect impact on trust through the mediator of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and that trust had an indirect and significant impact on loyalty through the mediator of attitude. The structural relationships among information disclosure, CSR, trust, and attitude should be acknowledged when discussing consumers' loyalty to housing agents.

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