Body mass index and waist circumference associate to a comparable degree with insulin resistance and related metabolic abnormalities in South Asian women and men

(1) Background: Scotland has one of the highest rates of obesity in the Western World, it is well established that poor weight profiles, and particularly abdominal obesity, is strongly associated with Type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Whether these associations are apparent in ethnic population groups in Scotland is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between different measures of fatness with clustered cardio metabolic risk factors between Scottish South Asian adolescents and Scottish Caucasian adolescents; (2) Methods: A sample of 208 Caucasian adolescents and 52 South Asian adolescents participated in this study. Stature, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk were measured; (3) Results: Significant, partial correlations in the South Asian cohort between body mass index (BMI) and individual risk factors were generally moderate. However, correlations between Waist circumference (WC) and individual risk factors were significant and strong. In the Caucasian cohort, a significant yet weak correlation between WC and total cholesterol (TG) was noted although no other associations were evident for either WC or BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both BMI and WC were positively associated with CCR (p < 0.01) in the South Asian group and with the additional adjustment of either WC or BMI, the independent associations with clustered cardio-metabolic risk (CCR) remained significant (p < 0.005); (4) Conclusions: No positive relationships were found between BMI, WC, and CCR in the Caucasian group. Strong and significant associations between measures of fatness and metabolic risk were evident in Scottish South Asian adolescents.

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The effects of metformin plus sulfonylurea therapy on clinical features of the metabolic syndrome

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1010611k ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (9-10) ◽

pp. 611-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Branka Koprivica ◽

Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽

Tatjana Ille

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Body Mass ◽

Combined Therapy

Introduction. Insulin resistance is a well-known leading factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic effects of metformin added to sulfonylurea in unsuccessfully treated type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. A group of thirty subjects, with type 2 diabetes, secondary sulfonylurea failure and metabolic syndrome were administered the combined therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin for six months. Metformin 2000 mg/d was added to previously used sulfonylurea agent in maximum daily dose. Antihypertensive and hypolipemic therapy was not changed. The following parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six months of therapy: glycemic control, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, homeostatic models for evaluation of insulin resistance and secretion (HOMA R, HOMA B) and C- peptide. Results. Glycemic control was significantly improved after six months of the combined therapy: (fasting 7.89 vs. 10.61 mmol/l. p<0.01; postprandial 11.12 vs. 12.61 mmol/l. p<0.01, p<0.01; glycosylated hemoglobin 6.81 vs. 8.83%. p<0.01). the body mass index and waist circumference were significantly lower (26.7 vs. 27.8 kg/m2, p<0.01 and 99.7 vs. 101.4 cm for men, p<0.01; 87.2 vs. 88.5 for women, p<0.01). Fasting plasma triglycerides decreased from 3.37 to 2.45 mmol/l (p<0.001) and HOMA R from 7.04 to 5.23 (p<0.001). No treatment effects were observed on blood pressure, cholesterol, and residual insulin secretion. Conclusion. Administration of metformin in type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome decreased cardiovascular risk factors by reducing glycemia, triglycerides, BMI, central obesity and insulin resistance.

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Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000008126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (39) ◽

pp. e8126 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽

Yu-Chung Tsao ◽

I-Shiang Tzeng ◽

Hai-Hua Chuang ◽

Wen-Cheng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

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Optimal cutoff values for anthropometric indices of obesity as discriminators of metabolic abnormalities in Korea: results from a Health Examinees study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10490-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sooyoung Cho ◽

Aesun Shin ◽

Ji-Yeob Choi ◽

Sang Min Park ◽

Daehee Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Optimal Cutoff ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Cutoff Values ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Conicity Index

Abstract Background Obesity is well known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the performance of and the optimal cutoff values for obesity indices to discriminate the presence of metabolic abnormalities as a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in a Health Examinees study (HEXA). Methods The current study analyzed 134,195 participants with complete anthropometric and laboratory information in a Health Examinees study, consisting of the Korean population aged 40 to 69 years. The presence of metabolic abnormality was defined as having at least one of the following: hypertension, hyperglycemia, or dyslipidemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and conicity index. Results The AUC of metabolic abnormalities was the highest for waist-to-height ratio (AUC [95% CIs], 0.677 [0.672–0.683] among men; 0.691 [0.687–0.694] among women), and the lowest for the C index (0.616 [0.611–0.622] among men; 0.645 [0.641–0.649] among women) among both men and women. The optimal cutoff values were 24.3 kg/m2 for the body mass index, 0.887 for the waist-to-hip ratio, 0.499 for the waist-to-height ratio, 84.4 cm for waist circumference and 1.20 m3/2/kg1/2 for the conicity index among men, and 23.4 kg/m2 for the body mass index, 0.832 for the waist-to-hip ratio, 0.496 for the waist-to-height ratio, 77.0 cm for the waist circumference and 1.18 m3/2/kg1/2 for the conicity index among women. Conclusion The waist-to-height ratio is the best index to discriminate metabolic abnormalities among middle-aged Koreans. The optimal cutoff of obesity indices is lower than the international guidelines for obesity. It would be appropriate to use the indices for abdominal obesity rather than general obesity and to consider a lower level of body mass index and waist circumference than the current guidelines to determine obesity-related health problems in Koreans.

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Insulin resistance in relation to clinical, endocrine and metabolic profile of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v14i1.50989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shakeela Ishrat ◽

Marufa Hossain ◽

Subrata Kumar Biswas

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Significant Difference

The objective of this study is to explore how hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance relate to the clinical, endocrine and metabolic factors in the infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This study was conducted on 121 consecutive infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending the Infertility unit from January 2017 to December 2017. They were divided into two groups: insulin resistant and insulin sensitive. There was significant difference in body mass index and waist circumference between the two groups. Serum lipids were not associated with insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Reducing body mass index and waist circumference may improve insulin resistance in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Screening the infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and subsequent counseling is recommended to address the long-term risks of metabolic syndrome.

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Effect ofGAS6andAXLGene Polymorphisms on Adiposity, Systemic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/674069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fone-Ching Hsiao ◽

Yuh-Feng Lin ◽

Po-Shiuan Hsieh ◽

Nain-Feng Chu ◽

Yii-Der Ida Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Heart Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Multistage Sampling

The present study was designed to explore the effects ofGAS6andAXLgene polymorphisms on adiposity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in adolescents. After multistage sampling from the data of the Taipei Children Heart Study-III, we collected 358 boys and 369 girls with an average age of 13.3 years. We genotyped the adolescents’GAS6rs8191973,GAS6rs8191974,AXLrs4802113, andAXLrs2304232 polymorphisms. Significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hsCRP levels were found in boys with the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191974 than A allele carriers; higher IL-6 and insulin levels and increased HOMA-IR were found in boys with the GG genotype ofAXLrs2304232 than the A allele carriers. There was a significant difference in hsCRP levels of boys with the TT, TC, and CC genotypes ofAXLrs4802113. Boys with both the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191973 and the GG genotype ofGAS6rs8191974 exhibited higher BMI, WC, IL-6, and hsCRP levels than the boys carrying both the C allele of theGAS6rs8191973 and the A allele of theGAS6rs8191974. In conclusion,GAS6andAXLpolymorphisms are associated with adiposity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in adolescents, especially in boys.

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Gestational diabetes, insulin resistance and physical activity in pregnancy in a multi-ethnic population – a public health perspective

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v23i1.1602 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anne Karen Jenum ◽

Kåre Rønn Richardsen ◽

Sveinung Berntsen ◽

Kjersti Mørkrid

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

South Asian ◽

Cell Function ◽

South Asians ◽

Asian Women ◽

South Asian Women ◽

Β Cell ◽

Iadpsg Criteria ◽

Β Cell Function

Aims: To summarize findings from the STORK-Groruddalen Study regarding ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) by the WHO and modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (no one hour value), insulin resistance, β-cell function and physical activity (PA) level. Methods: Population-based cohort study of 823 healthy pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities). Data from questionnaires, fasting blood samples, anthropometrics and objectively recorded PA level (SenseWear Armband), were collected at <20 (Visit 1) and 28±2 (Visit 2) weeks of gestation. The 75-g OGTT was performed at Visit 2. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were estimated from venous fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide. Results: The GDM prevalence was 13.0% with the WHO and 31.5% with the IADPSG criteria. The ethnic minority women, especially South Asians, had highest figures. South and East Asian women had highest HOMA-IR at Visit 1 after adjustment for BMI. HOMA-IR increased from Visit 1 to Visit 2 irrespective of ethnic origin. Compared with Western European women, the absolute and percentage increase in HOMA-β from Visit 1 to Visit 2 was poorest for the South and East Asian women. All ethnic groups walked less and spent less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekend days compared with weekdays. South Asian women were least active, measured by steps and by time spent in MVPA. Conclusion: Alarmingly high rates of GDM were found, highest among South Asians. South Asian women were less physically active, more insulin resistant and showed poorer β-cell compensation compared with Western Europeans.

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A descriptive study of facial acanthosis nigricans and its association with body mass index, waist circumference and insulin resistance using HOMA2 IR

Indian Dermatology Online Journal ◽

10.4103/2229-5178.193898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 498 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shyam Verma ◽

Resham Vasani ◽

Rajiv Joshi ◽

Meghana Phiske ◽

Pritesh Punjabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Acanthosis Nigricans ◽

Descriptive Study

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The effect of combination therapy of insulin glargine, metformin, and sitagliptin on insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1610497z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (9-10) ◽

pp. 497-502

Author(s):

Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽

Milica Marjanovic-Petkovic ◽

Miljanka Vuksanovic ◽

Ivan Soldatovic ◽

Dobrila Kanlic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Insulin Glargine ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

C Peptide ◽

Obese Subjects

Introduction. A combination of drugs is required for treatment of obese subjects with diabetes, due to multiple pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of both diabetes and obesity. Objective. Assessment of the effect of sitagliptin added to insulin glargine and metformin, in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 23 obese subjects on metformin and insulin glargine participated in the study. Titration of insulin glargine during a one-month period preceded the addition of 100 mg of sitagliptin daily. Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting, and prandial glucose were measured monthly, lipids and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) every three months, insulin, c-peptide and glucagon at the start and after six months of treatment. Homeostatic models for insulin secretion (HOMA B) and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were calculated. Results. Participants were 58.65 ?} 7.62 years of age with a body mass index of 35.06 ?} 5.15 kg/m2, waist circumference of 115.04 ?} 15.5 cm, and the duration of diabetes of 4.11 ?} 2.57 years. With the titration of insulin glargine, target fasting glucose levels were not achieved. Waist circumference and body mass index decreased during three months of sitagliptin treatment, thereafter remaining stable. HbA1c decreased significantly after three and six months of therapy. C-peptide increased significantly, while glucagon level fell. HOMA indexes were unchanged. Conclusion. Sitagliptin can improve diabetes control and induce modest weight loss in obese subjects poorly controlled on insulin glargine and metformin. Titration of insulin glargine to optimal fasting glucose values is a prerequisite of success of this combination therapy.

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