Beer Availability and College Football Attendance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Chastain ◽  
Stephan F. Gohmann ◽  
E. Frank Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
College Football ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
Football Stadiums ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between beer being sold at college football stadiums and both attendance and football revenue for 29 mid-major universities over the 2005-2012 period. Using both ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimation, no evidence that beer availability increases attendance or football revenue is found.

scholarly journals The human capital–economic growth nexus in SSA countries: what can strengthen the relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1159
Author(s):  
Roseline Tapuwa Karambakuwa ◽  
Ronney Ncwadi ◽  
Andrew Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human capital on economic growth for a selected sample of nine SSA countries between 1980 and 2014 using a panel econometric approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate a log-linearized endogenous using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the dynamic ordinary least squares (POLS) applied to our panel data time series.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows an insignificant effect of human capital on economic growth for our selected sample. These findings remain unchanged even after adding interactive terms to human capital, which are representatives of government spending as well as foreign direct investment. Nevertheless, the authors establish a positive and significant effect of the interactive term between urbanization and human capital on economic growth.Practical implicationsThe results emphasize the need for African policymakers to develop urbanized, “smart”, technologically driven cities within the SSA region as a platform toward strengthening the impact of human capital-economic growth relationship.Originality/valueThis study becomes the first in the literature to validate the human capital–urbanization–growth relationship for African countries.

Investigation of Socioeconomic Determinants on Child Death in South Asian Countries: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282091502
Author(s):  
Shazia Kousar ◽  
Aiza Shabbir ◽  
Rukia Shafqat
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

This article is aimed to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and child mortality in South Asia because the relationship between child mortality and socioeconomic factors cannot be overlooked for better progress. Panel data were obtained from (World Development Indicators) and (Human Development Index) for the period 1990–2017. The data were quantitative. Levin, Lin, and Chu and I’m, Pesaran, and Shin test were used to check the stationarity of data. A cointegration test was applied to check the long-run association. Granger causality test was used to determine the direction of the relationship. Fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares techniques were used to examine the long-run and short-run impact of socioeconomic determinants on child mortality. The findings from this study showed the significant impact of education, unemployment, and health expenditure, access to improved water and sanitation facilities, and income inequality on child mortality. Overall results showed that there is a negative association between education and child mortality, access to improved water and access to sanitation facilities and child mortality, and health expenditure and child mortality, but there is a positive association between unemployment and income inequality with child mortality. The rate of child mortality is still very alarming in South Asian countries.

The Role of Urbanisation in the Economic Development Process: Evidence from Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiru Adebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between urbanisation and economic growth, while controlling for the agricultural sector, industrial development and government expenditure in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables over the period 1961–2012. In the process of estimating the long-run coefficients, the ARDL method is augmented with a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator. The direction of causality between the variables is examined through the vector error correction method (VECM) Granger causality test. The results establish the existence of a long-run relationship in the variables. The results of the long-run regressions indicate the presence of long-run causality from urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation to economic growth. Due to the deficiencies associated with the single-equation methods (including the ARDL model), we also use the structural vector error correction model (SVECM) to analyse the relationship between the variables. The impulse response and variance decomposition analyses derived from the SVECM method suggest that urbanisation, agriculture and industrialisation are important determinants of economic growth. The implications of the results are discussed. JEL Classification: Q43, O55, O18

scholarly journals How Does CSR Activity Affect Sustainable Growth and Value of Corporations? Evidence from Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungtag Lee ◽  
Hyunchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between Korean listed companies’ corporation social responsibility (CSR) activities and their sustainable growth and valuation, focusing specifically on the nonlinear aspect. The nonlinear quantile regressions used in this study reported that CSR activities increased corporation value exclusively in the middle-range groups (i.e., τ_25, τ_50, τ_75) of Tobin’s q, a proxy for corporation growth and value. However, the linear ordinary least squares (OLS) regression did not indicate similar results. Our findings also showed that CSR activities affect the valuation of Korean listed corporations in a nonlinear, rather than in a linear way. Considering that most prior studies are devoted to reporting linear results from classical ordinary least squares estimations between CSR activities and corporation value, our study fills the gap in the literature. The findings of this study may provide corporation managers and researchers with valuable data concerning a corporation’s optimal investment point for their CSR activities for sustainable growth and the maximization of corporation value.

scholarly journals Avoiding Invalid Instruments and Coping with Weak Instruments

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Murray
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Weak Instruments ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
Invalid Instruments ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Disturbance Term ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimator

Archimedes said, “Give me the place to stand, and a lever long enough, and I will move the Earth.” Economists have their own powerful lever: the instrumental variable estimator. The instrumental variable estimator can avoid the bias that ordinary least squares suffers when an explanatory variable in a regression is correlated with the regression's disturbance term. But, like Archimedes' lever, instrumental variable estimation requires both a valid instrument on which to stand and an instrument that isn't too short (or “too weak”). This paper briefly reviews instrumental variable estimation, discusses classic strategies for avoiding invalid instruments (instruments themselves correlated with the regression's disturbances), and describes recently developed strategies for coping with weak instruments (instruments only weakly correlated with the offending explanator).

The impact of government ownership on the cost of debt and valuation of Vietnamese listed companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Ben Le
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Firm Valuation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of government ownership on the cost of debt and firm valuation in listed Vietnamese companies for the period 2007 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach The authors use both the generalised methods of the moment (GMM) and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions to analyse a panel data spanning over the period 2007 to 2016 in the markets of Vietnam. Further, the instrumental variable is used in the paper. Findings The authors find that firms with relative higher government stockholdings or state-owned companies where the government owns 50 per cent or more of shares outstanding enjoy a lower cost of debt compared to the other firms. Consequently, these firms have higher firm valuation and profitability. The results are robust for both the GMM and the OLS regressions. Further, firms that no longer retain government ownership have a higher cost of debt than the other firms. The results of the paper imply the importance of political connections in businesses in the market of Vietnam. Originality/value This paper connects the relationship between government ownership and the cost of debt with the relationship between government ownership and firm valuation. The paper tests the relationship between the cost of debt and government ownership using both OLS and GMM specifications and the results are robust for both approaches. The manuscript uses an instrumental variable to show that government ownership has a positive impact on higher firm performance through reducing cost of debt. Further, this paper addresses the possible issue of endogeneity.

Corporate Governance and Innovation

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O’Connor ◽  
Matthew Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe use Tobin’s q models of investments to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and the level of innovative activity. Simple ordinary least squares (OLS) models suggest that poor governance reduces innovative activity. However, OLS results are sensitive to controlling for serial correlation, unobserved effects, or using instrumental variables to control simultaneity. Controlling for these effects substantially reduces or eliminates the relationship between governance and innovative activity.

ADVERSE SOCIAL COMPARISON PROCESSES AND NEGATIVE SELF-FEELINGS: A TEST OF ALTERNATIVE MODELS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Stiles ◽  
Howard B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Regression ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
The Relationship

Theoretically informed models are estimated that specify the direction of the relationship between social comparisons and negative self-feelings. The data are from three waves of an ongoing longitudinal study of adaptations to stress. Subjects are individuals who were tested in their middle teens (T3), mid-twenties (Time 4) and in their mid-thirties (Time 5). The models were estimated using both logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression. In general, the results suggest that negative self-feelings are an antecedent of social comparison processes as negative self-feelings are significantly related to all five measures of social comparison. Findings suggest that negative self-feelings are sometimes a consequence of social comparison processes as negative self-feelings are significantly related to three of the five measures of social comparison.

The educational attainment of the children of stay-at-home mothers: evidence from the Irish Marriage Bar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Mosca ◽  
Vincent O’Sullivan ◽  
Robert E Wright
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between maternal employment and the educational attainment of children is examined using data from the third wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Because maternal employment is potentially endogenous with respect to child educational attainment, instrumental variable estimation is used. In this analysis, two sets of instruments are used based on whether the mother’s employment was affected by the Marriage Bar that was in place at that time in Ireland. A Marriage Bar is the requirement that women in certain jobs must leave that job when they marry. It is found that the probability that a child completes university is 1–3 percentage points lower for each additional year of maternal employment during the first 18 years of the child’s life.

scholarly journals Trust and Professional Skepticism in the Relationship between Auditors and Clients: Overcoming the Dichotomy Myth

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Aschauer ◽  
Matthias Fink ◽  
Andrea Moro ◽  
Katharina van Bakel-Auer ◽  
Bent Warming-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT This study empirically investigates the relationship between auditors' identification-based trust in client firms' managers (CEOs/CFOs) and their perceptions of auditors' professional skepticism. We employ a multimethod approach broken down into two studies. First, in Study 1, we approached auditors and clients using narrative interviews in order to identify the working definitions of interpersonal trust and professional skepticism and also to develop an empirical and testable hypothesis against the backdrop of the current literature. Second, in Study 2, an ordinary least squares regression based on data collected from 233 real auditor-client dyads in Germany reveals that auditors' identification-based trust is positively associated with their clients' perception of the auditors' professional skepticism. The identified coexistence of trust and professional skepticism in auditor-client dyads implies that regulatory measures that impede the evolution of trust between auditors and their clients will fail to enhance professional skepticism. Instead, regulations should give auditors and their clients sufficient leeway to establish identification-based trust. JEL Classifications: M42.

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