Nanomaterials for UV protective textiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372198894
Author(s):  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Review Author ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Uv Blocking ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
Protective Textiles

Harmful portion of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the significant physical carcinogen in our natural environment. The damage caused by UV exposure to our body is cumulative and builds up over the years. UV protective textiles have been used to protect the wearer from harmful UV radiation. UV blocking effect of textile depends on various parameters viz. fiber type, yarn structure, weave, fabric construction factor, finishes, dyes etc. Further, UV protective property of textiles can be improved by incorporating UV blocking agent in the textile matrix. Several nanomaterial possesses excellent UV blocking effect and these could be incorporated into the textile matrix to improve the UV blocking properties of textiles. In this review, author discuss the various conventional ways to impart UV blocking property to the textile materials. Author also survey the current state-of-the-art of nanomaterials based UV protective textiles, mechanism of UV blocking properties of various nanomaterials, provide an overview of UV protective fabric manufacturing techniques and also discuss the durability of nanomaterials treated UV protective textiles. Finally, the manuscript has been concluded with few major challenges for the development of UV protective textiles by using nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Study of Antiultraviolet Asphalt Modifiers and Their Antiageing Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxuan Hu ◽  
Shaopeng Wu ◽  
Quantao Liu ◽  
María Inmaculada García Hernández ◽  
Wenbo Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Uv Blocking ◽  
Uv Ageing ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes serious ageing problems on pavement surface. In recent years, different UV blocking materials have been used as modifiers to prevent asphalt ageing during the service life of the pavement. In this study, three different materials have been used as modifiers in base asphalt to test their UV blocking effects: layered double hydroxides (LDHs), organomontmorillonite (OMMT), and carbon black (CB). UV ageing was applied to simulate the ageing process and softening point, penetration, ductility, DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) test, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test were conducted to evaluate the anti-UV ageing effects of the three UV blocking modifiers. Physical property tests show that base asphalt was influenced more seriously by UV radiation compared to the modified asphalt. DSR test results indicate that the complex modulus of asphalt before UV ageing is increased because of modifiers, while the complex modulus of base asphalt after UV ageing is higher than that of the modified asphalt, which shows that the UV blocking modifiers promote the antiageing effects of asphalt. FTIR test reveals that the increment of carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups of modified asphalt is less than that in base asphalt. Tests indicate the best UV blocking effect results for samples with LDHs and the worst UV blocking effect results for samples with CB.

The Clinical Neuromuscular Pharmacology of 51W89 in Patients Receiving Nitrous Oxide/Opioid/Barbiturate Anesthesia 

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Belmont ◽  
Cynthia A. Lien ◽  
Steve Quessy ◽  
Martha M. Abou-Donia ◽  
Amy Abalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Recovery Index

Background Atracurium is a mixture of ten stereoisomers. 51W89, one of these isomers, is a potent nondepolarizing intermediate-duration neuromuscular blocking agent. Preclinical studies have shown 51W89 to be significantly more potent than atracurium but with a similar neuromuscular blocking profile. This study was undertaken to establish the neuromuscular blocking potency and pharmacodynamics of 51W89 in patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Methods Ninety-nine ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures under nitrous oxide/opioid/barbiturate anesthesia were studied. The neuromuscular blocking effect of 51W89 was assessed after administration of bolus doses from 0.015 to 0.4 mg/kg, as well as during and after continuous infusions from 11 to 249 min in length. Results The calculated ED95 for inhibition of adductor pollicis twitch evoked at 0.15 Hz was 0.048 mg/kg. At 0.10 mg/kg, maximum block developed within 5.2 +/- 0.3 min, and recovery to 95% twitch height occurred 64.4 +/- 3.9 min after injection. At 0.4 mg/kg, onset was 1.9 +/- 0.1 min, and 95% recovery developed within 121.0 +/- 5.9 min. Comparative recovery indexes from 5% to 95% or from 25% to 75% twitch heights did not differ significantly among all dosage groups from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg (means ranged from 29.6 to 32.3 min and from 12.6 to 14.3 min, respectively). The average infusion rate necessary to maintain approximately 95% twitch suppression was 1.35 micrograms/kg/min. Recovery indexes from infusions were 5-95% 33.2 +/- 1.8 min and 25-75% 15.0 +/- 0.6 min, not differing significantly from recovery indexes from single bolus doses. Twenty-five patients received neostigmine (0.06 mg/kg) with atropine (0.03 mg/kg) at twitch height recovery of between 6% and 21%. Antagonism to 95% control twitch height developed within 6.8 +/- 0.3 min, and the neostigmine-accelerated 25-75% recovery index was 2.8 +/- 0.2 min. Conclusions 51W89 is a potent nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that shows noncumulative intermediate-duration neuromuscular blocking pharmacodynamics.

Infrared Absorption Studies of Fabrics

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Carr ◽  
D. S. Sarma ◽  
M. R. Johnson ◽  
B. T. Do ◽  
V. A. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Infrared Source ◽  
Ir Heating ◽  
Infrared Emitters ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
Fabric Weight

A technique is discussed in this paper for evaluating the performance of IR emitters in heating and drying fabrics. The efficiency of IR heating depends on both the fabric spectral absorption characteristics and the spectral emission of the infrared source. An FTIR spectrometer with an integrating sphere is used to measure the infrared absorptivities of fabrics over the range of wavelengths from 0.7 to 25 microns (the range of operation of commercial infrared emitters). Spectral absorptivities are used with the normalized emission characteristics of blackbody emitters to calculate average fabric absorptivities for blackbody emitter temperatures ranging from 500 to 3000 K. Overall radiant efficiencies for heating fabrics with blackbody emitters are calculated by multiplying average fabric absorptivities by the radiant efficiencies of emitters in converting input power to IR radiant output power. The effects of fabric characteristics on spectral absorptivities, average absorptivities, and overall radiant efficiencies are studied. Parameters include fiber type, fabric weight, moisture regain, fabric construction, and dyeing. The technique used in this investigation is useful in matching IR emitters with applications for the textile industry.

A review of UV radiation protection on humans by textiles and clothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-890
Author(s):  
Asfandyar Khan ◽  
Ahsan Nazir ◽  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Maryam Naveed ◽  
Munir Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Uv Absorbers ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Harmful Effects

PurposeThis review deals with the pros and cons of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human beings and the role of textile clothing and the chemicals used for textiles to protect from their harmful effects.Design/methodology/approachUV radiation (UVR) which has further divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC. Almost 100% of UVC and major portion of UVB are bounced back to stratosphere by ozone layer while UVA enters the earth atmosphere. Excessive exposure of solar or artificial UVR exhibit potential risks to human health. UVR is a major carcinogen and excessive exposure of solar radiation in sunlight can cause cancer in the lip, skin squamous cell, basal cell and cutaneous melanoma, particularly in people with the fair skin.FindingsThis article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of UVR on human skin, factors affecting UV irradiance and factors affecting UV protection offered by textile clothing.Originality/valueEffect of fiber properties, yarn properties, fabric construction, fabric treatments and laundering has been reviewed along with the identification of gaps in the reported research. A comparison of inorganic and organic UV absorbers has also been given along with different testing and evaluation methods for UV protective clothing.

Modifying the UV Blocking Effect of Polyester Fabric

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Gorenšek ◽  
Franci Sluga
Keyword(s):  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Uv Blocking

scholarly journals DESIGN OF TEXTILE UV-SHIELDS BY VAT DYES MODIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Viktoriia VLASENKO ◽  
Svitlana ARABULI ◽  
Valentyna KUCHERENKO ◽  
Arsenii ARABULI ◽  
Petro SMERTENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vat Dyes ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Pressure Discharge ◽  
Uv Absorbers ◽  
Woven Structures

The problem of human being protecting against UV radiation is becoming more and more significant from year to year and requires urgent solutions. Just UVB causes 50-90% of skin cancer and especially affects children, adolescents and older people. Textile screens are the simplest and most effective means to protect against the negative effects of UV radiation (UVR). Usually, white cotton and linen fabrics are used for summer clothes. However, these materials have a low ultraviolet protective factor (UPF ~ 5). Known developments that relate to the modification of textile materials to protect against UV radiation, suggest the use of dense woven structures; modification with some metals oxides; the use of UV absorbers that are derivats of harmful chemicals (for example, o-hydroxybenzophenones). But these methods do not always provide the sufficiently level of UV protection. In our paper, the effectiveness of vat dyes using to create textile screens for UV protection was investigated. In this study was investigated cotton fabrics dyed with some vat dyes: turquoise, blue, yellow. UVR transmittance studies were performed on optical spectrometer Solar SL40-2 (PSI-Line software). A high pressure discharge lamp DRT-125 was used. As studies have shown, the most effective is a cotton textile screen, dyed with vat blue.

scholarly journals UV-Blocking Effect of Ophthalmic Material Containing Benzophenone

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Hun Kim ◽  
Ki-Hun Ye ◽  
A-Young Sung
Keyword(s):  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Uv Blocking

scholarly journals Nebivolol for treatment patients with arterial hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
O M Mikheeva ◽  
I A Komisarenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent is included in the group of primary agentsfor treatment of patients with AH. In the pathogenesis of AH,one of the main causes leading to raisingthe blood pressure isendothelial dysfunction.Correction ofendothelial dysfunctionis AH treatment strategic aim.Nebivololis a cardioselectivethird-generationvasodilatingβ-adrenergic blocking agent, which is in addition toβ-adrenergic blocking effect, can alsoincrease endogenousproduction of NOin the endothelial cellsdue to the decreasing of oxidative degradation. As a result,nebivololprovides positivehemodynamic effects on patients with AH, decreasingperipheral resistanceandblood pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document