A Prospective Study of Offending Patterns of Youth Homicide Offenders Into Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C. McCuish ◽  
Jesse Cale ◽  
Raymond R. Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Violent Youth ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Youth Homicide ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Frequent Offenders

Although youth homicide offenders (YHOs) are portrayed as a group that warrants considerable attention from the justice system because of their high likelihood of future offending, little is known about this group’s offending trajectories and the nature of posthomicide offenses in adulthood. These questions were investigated using a sample of male and female YHOs ( n = 26), violent YHOs ( n = 358), and nonviolent YHOs ( n =139), all of whom were followed prospectively into adulthood. First, the prevalence of adult recidivism did not vary across the three groups. Second, YHOs were more frequent offenders prior to their homicide offense than after their homicide offense, and when they did offend posthomicide, it was typically a nonserious crime. Third, YHOs did not differ from other offenders in their association to a specific offending trajectory. These findings are discussed in the context of assessment and treatment of serious and violent youth.

My Brother’s Reaper: Examining Officially Reported Siblicide Incidents in the United States, 2000–2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Walsh ◽  
Jessie L. Krienert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sibling Violence ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
Intrafamilial Violence ◽  
Frequent Offenders

With higher rates than any other form of intrafamilial violence, Hoffman and Edwards (2004) note, sibling violence “constitutes a pandemic form of victimization of children, with the symptoms often going unrecognized and the effect ignored” (p. 187). Approximately 80% of children reside with at least one sibling (Kreider, 2008), and in its most extreme form sibling violence manifests as siblicide. Siblicide is poorly understood with fewer than 20 empirical studies identified in the extant literature since 1980 (see Eriksen & Jensen, 2006). The present work employs 8 years of Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data, 2000–2007, with siblicide victims and offenders age 21 years and younger, to construct contemporary victim and offender profiles examining incident characteristics. Findings highlight the sex-based nature of the offense with unique victimization patterns across victims and offenders. Older brothers using a firearm are the most frequent offenders against both male and female siblings. Strain as a theoretical foundation of siblicide is offered as an avenue for future inquiry.

Nature and extent of online and offline Islamophobia

Islamophobia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Zempi ◽  
Imran Awan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims

This chapter reveals the nature of Islamophobia targeted towards ‘visible’ Muslims both online and offline. The chapter highlights that this victimisation is likely to be experienced as a continuing process, rather than as a single incident occurring online or offline, and reflects upon the tendency of victims not to report such incidents to the police. Participants highlighted that the visibility of their Muslim identity was key to being identified as Muslims, and thus triggering online and/or offline Islamophobic attacks. Both male and female victims remained ‘invisible’ in the criminal justice system, especially in relation to experiences of online hate.

scholarly journals Predicting Attrition and Engagement in the Treatment of Young Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena C. Carl ◽  
Martin Schmucker ◽  
Friedrich Lösel
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Premature treatment termination in offender treatment is linked to negative consequences for clients, practitioners, and the criminal justice system. Therefore, identifying predictors of treatment attrition is a crucial issue in offender rehabilitation. Most studies on this topic focus on adult offenders; less is known about adolescent offenders. In our study, therapy attrition and engagement were predicted via logistic and linear regression to examine the link between pretreatment variables, engagement, and treatment failure in 161 young offenders treated in a social-therapeutic unit in Germany. Engagement could be predicted by motivation, disruptive childhood behavior, low aggressiveness, and higher age. In turn, low motivation, substance abuse, and young age predicted attrition, but their impact diminished when engagement was added to the model with only substance abuse remaining significant. The effect of substance abuse on attrition disappeared, when the offender’s initial motivation was high. Implications for assessment and treatment planning are discussed.

The Process of Attrition in Child Sexual Assault Cases: A Case Flow Analysis of Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick N. Parkinson ◽  
Sandra Shrimpton ◽  
Heather Y. Swanston ◽  
Brian I. O'Toole ◽  
R. Kim Oates
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Child Sexual Assault ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Prospective Study

As part of a prospective study which tracked 183 child sexual abuse cases referred to two Child Protection Units in Sydney, NSW, a search of court records was conducted to obtain criminal justice outcomes. Of the 183 cases, there were 117 cases where the name of the offender was known. Forty-five cases reached trial. Thirty-two cases resulted in a conviction. A sub-cohort of 84 of the children and their families was interviewed in detail to determine reasons why many cases did not proceed down the track of criminal investigation and prosecution and why other cases dropped out of the criminal justice system. Among this sub-cohort of 84 children, there were 67 cases where the offender was identifiable and could have been charged. There were 25 convictions. Reasons for not proceeding to trial included: the offence was not reported to police; parents wished to protect children, the perpetrator or other family members; evidence was not strong enough to warrant proceeding; the child was too young; the offender threatened the family; or the child was too distressed. The implications for criminal prosecution as a child protection strategy are considered in the light of this evidence of attrition.

Developmental Offending Patterns: Female Offending Beyond the Reference Category

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482096672
Author(s):  
Kelsey Gushue ◽  
Evan C. Mccuish ◽  
Raymond R. Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
School Risk Factors ◽  
Offending Patterns

Compared with young men, justice-involved young women are often characterized by a greater array of risk factors, yet show a more limited pattern of offending. This paradox may be related to risk factors functioning differently not only for male versus female adolescents but also among female adolescents involved in offending. Data were used on 284 girls from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study to address whether risk factors varied across different offending trajectories modeled between ages 12 and 23. Risk factors measured from self-report interviews were compared across the three trajectories identified. Individual, family, and school risk factors varied across trajectory groups, but not always in ways anticipated. Female offending does not appear to fit neatly within existing developmental criminology theory. Theoretical models should be adapted, or new models developed, to account for the complexities of female offending patterns.

“He Should Learn That He Cannot Get a Woman for free”: Male Elopers and Constructions of Masculinity in the Afghan Justice System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2091047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torunn Wimpelmann ◽  
Aziz Hakimi ◽  
Masooma Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Legal Grounds

This article explores constructions of gender, masculinity, and class in moral crimes prosecutions, and their legal aftermaths in Afghanistan. It argues that the lack of attention to men in advocacy and research about moral crimes, while reflecting a (geo-) politicized conflation of gender with women, constitute both an empirical and an analytical oversight. The first part of the article discusses the legal grounds for the prosecution of men for “moral crimes” in Afghanistan and presents statistical data that reveals large-scale incarceration of men for pursuing consensual, heterosexual relations, including the non-codified crime of elopement. In the second part, we use ethnographic data to probe into the ways in which the treatment of male elopers are based on specific notions of gender, sexuality, and masculinity. We suggest that the interrelated, yet differentiated, prosecution of male and female elopers in Afghanistan can be usefully understood in terms of a gender regime that places different expectations on men and women. Women’s gender performance is ranked according to (verifiable) chastity, men’s gender performance according to the (legitimate, i.e., honorable) command of resources.

21 Identification and management of delirium in the palliative inpatient unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 367.3-367
Author(s):  
Andrew Gill ◽  
Clare Rayment ◽  
Chris Kane
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
List Type ◽  
Acute Confusional State ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Palliative Care Units ◽  
A Prospective Study

IntroductionDelirium is an acute confusional state. The incidence of delirium in palliative care units is estimated between 13% and 42% (Hosie 2014). Delirium is associated with an increase in mortality and length of hospice stay yet it is poorly identified. Up to 50% of cases of delirium are reversible (Lawlor 2000) as such early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment could relieve the suffering.AimTo assess identification and management of delirium in two hospices.MethodsRetrospective notes analysis to identify patients with delirium whether they were coded with a delirium diagnosis and whether the management of delirium followed best practice.Results77 inpatients across two hospices were assessed in one month in 2018. There were 37 episodes of possible delirium only five were coded as delirium none had assessment with a recognised delirium tool. Reversibility was considered for 48 episodes; it was not clear from the documentation that this was all possible reversible causes. Family were kept informed 94% of the time. A management plan was documented for five patients.ConclusionDelirium was being considered but not documented a common problem in medical notes. Documentation of a management plan was poor but when there was a plan best practice was followed with non-pharmacological management then low dose antipsychotic with stronger sedation reserved for terminal agitation. An education feedback loop formal training on delirium and design of an electronic medical record template to prompt the management of delirium is ongoing. Practice will be reassessed three months after this intervention.References. Hosie A, Davidson P, Agar M, et al. Delirium prevalence incidence and implications for screening in specialist palliative care inpatient settings: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine2013;27(6):486–498.. Lawlor P, Gagnon B, Mancini I, et al. Occurrence causes and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study. Archives of Internal Medicine2000;160(6):786–794.

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