An analysis of aircraft maintenance incidents using psychological and cognitive engineering knowledge

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1676-1680
Author(s):  
Man-wa Ng ◽  
Simon Y. W. Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Data Entry Error ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Error Types

The aim of the current analysis is to complement existing studies of aircraft maintenance incidents by providing finer and more detailed explanations for their causes in terms of task and error types. A total of 109 aircraft maintenance incidents were analyzed with respect to knowledge and concepts from psychology and cognitive engineering. The skill, rule and knowledge-based framework by Rasmussen (1983) was used to identify the main task types involved in the incidents. Error types such as post-completion error, prospective memory failure and data-entry error were used as part of the analysis. System usability and the occurrence of interruptions, distractions and multitasking were also adopted as important factors in the analysis. Results suggest that more than 60% of the incidents involved rule-based performance. Almost 50% of the rule-based incidents can be explained in terms of the errors types and factors identified. This analysis provides a starting point for practitioners to discuss aircraft maintenance incidents using theoretically grounded concepts.

ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND EVALUATION OF KRI ELEMENT REDUCTION OF TASKS AS A MEANS OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Didit Herdiawan ◽  
Joni Widjayanto ◽  
Benny Sukandari ◽  
Made Suwandiyana
Keyword(s):  
Main Task ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Work System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Main Components

KRI is one of the main components possessed by the Indonesian Navy which has the main task of security and national defense at sea. The Termination of Operation KRI over the age of 40 results in a lack of existing KRI, so there is a need for research that represents an evaluation and analysis of the work system so that the main tasks can still be carried out. The SWOT and CIPP analysis in this study aims to identify several factors that influence the achievement of the main tasks. The results obtained are in Quadrant I (+; +) which states the status "on the track".Keywords : KRI, SWOT, CIPP.

scholarly journals On Ch. Perelman’s Rhetoric Theory of Argumentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
A. V. Kosarev
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Starting Point

After the rhetoric has lost its disciplinary specifics, in the XX century there was a wave of renewed interest in it, expressed in the development of the study of argumentation as an independent field of knowledge. The origin of the rhetorical field in the theory of argumentation was initiated by Ch. Perelman. He rejects the strict logical form of the construction of the argument, since it does not take into account the goals, conditions, means and context of the argument. He examines argumentation as a process of interaction between the orator and the audience, and identifies and analyzes techniques that lead to conviction as a result. The main task of Ch. Perelman consists in improvement of the communicative practices in the society by justifying the indissoluble unity of the concepts of the audience and argumentation. The specific features of the rhetorical theory of argumentation consist in the concepts of argumentation as a unified network of arguments, a new understanding of the audience and its typology, a shift in the assessment of the quality of public communication from the orator to the audience, the concept of the starting point of the argument and the value of argument.

How to Lose (and Regain) 3.6 Billion Euros

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Rob Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Data Entry Error ◽  
General Government ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
Treasury Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
General Secretary

This chapter imagines a conversation between two senior civil servants when they realize that the Irish government has lost 3.6 billion euros through a spreadsheet error. The Assistant Secretary of the Department of Finance reports to the General Secretary that the accountant was not sure how to classify a loan to the Housing Finance Agency (HFA) from the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA). They had assumed that it might be adjusted for elsewhere in the General Government Debt calculations, but it was not. As such, the government debt appears twice in the national accounts, once as an asset for the NTMA and once as a liability for the HFA. The General Secretary then asks why the data entry error was not picked up. The Assistant Secretary answers that everybody assumed that somebody else had dealt with it. The accounts got returned, nobody spotted the mistake, and everyone moved onto to other tasks.

scholarly journals Adaptation of international nutrition databases and data-entry system tools to a specific population

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Shai ◽  
Hillel Vardi ◽  
Danit R Shahar ◽  
Ayelet B Azrad ◽  
Drora Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Data Entry System ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analysis System

AbstractObjective:To develop a nutritional dietary intake database based on available reliable international nutritional databases adapted to the local needs of a specific population.Design:The Negev Nutritional Study (NNS) is a survey of a random sample of the Negev population regarding their dietary intake using 24-hour dietary recalls. A nutritional database for the Israeli population was developed based on adaptation and modification of the US Department of Agriculture's database. A data-entry system was developed based on the logic of the US Food Information Analysis System. The system was designed as bilingual (English and Hebrew). Local foods and recipes were collected during the NNS, which included 1465 24-hour diet interviews.Results:During the course of the NNS, 383 basic Israeli recipes were constructed. In total 1362 Israeli products were added to the database, and each was given a code, specific gravity and portion size. Most of the added products were cereals and grains and dairy products. The added recipes were collected from the interviewees in the NNS and from the most popular cookbooks.Conclusions:This paper describes the process undertaken to develop an Israeli food composition database as well as the data-entry system. This knowledge may aid other research groups in developing a computerised, nation-specific nutritional database and data-entry system adapted to their own specific local needs.

INTERACTION BETWEEN AGENTS IN ROUTINE, FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR SITUATION

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CHAIB-DRAA
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent System ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Low Levels

A framework for designing a Multiagent System (MAS) in which agents are capable of coordinating their activities in routine, familiar, and unfamiliar situations is proposed. This framework is based on the Skills, Rules and Knowledge (S-R-K) taxonomy of Rasmussen. Thus, the proposed framework should allow agents to prefer the lower skill-based and rule-based levels rather than the higher knowledge-based level because it is generally easier to obtain and maintain coordination between agents in routine and familiar situations than in unfamiliar situations. The framework should also support each of the three levels because complex tasks combined with complex interactions require all levels. To permit agents to rely on low levels, a suggestion is developed: agents are provided with social laws so as to guarantee coordination between agents and minimize the need for calling a central coordinator or for engaging in negotiation which requires intense communication. Finally, implementation and experiments demonstrated, on some scenarios of urban traffic, the applicability of major concepts developed in this article.

Cognitive Engineering Issues in the Design of a Knowledge-Based Information Retrieval System

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Smith ◽  
Deborah A. Krawczak ◽  
Steven J. Shute ◽  
Mark Chignell
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Information Retrieval System ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
Bibliographic Information ◽  
Knowledge Based

EP-X (Environmental Pollution expert) is a prototype expert system that acts as an expert search intermediary for a bibliographic information retrieval system. It searches for documents in the Chemical Abstracts database in the domain of environmental pollution, providing an intelligent human-computer interface that accommodates a wide variety of user backgrounds and interests. This paper discusses 1) the general problem of bibliographic information retrival, 2) the value of combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Factors Engineering (HFE) techniques in the design of an intelligent human-computer interface. 3) the general architecture and functioning of EP-X, and 4) examples of specific issues that arise when attempting to apply both AI and HFE techniques to the design of an interactive computer system.

Software Interface Evaluation: Modeling of Human Error

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wright ◽  
S. J. Packebush ◽  
D. A. Mitta
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Interface Element ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Software Interface ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Graphics Software ◽  
And Task

The purpose of this study was to use a human error model to evaluate a commercially available Macintosh-based graphics application based upon the frequencies and types of mistakes occurring during users' performance of designated tasks. The occurrence of high frequencies of knowledge-based and rule-based mistakes during the learning of an interface element would indicate that the element requires evaluation and possible redesign. This study involved five participants, all of whom were students at Texas A&M University. The participants were experienced Macintosh users with no experience using Macintosh graphics software. The graphics environment of interest was MacDraw II® 1.0 Version 2 (Schutten, Goldsmith, Kaptanoglu, and Spiegel, 1988). Ten drawings created with the program were used to examine participants' cognitive levels and types of errors made throughout the process of familiarizing themselves with this program. The first drawing was created to exemplify simple figures created with the graphics tools in the program to illustrate shading. The second through tenth drawings incorporated these figures in several arrangements. All drawings incorporated eight tools (or tasks), and each tool was used only once in each drawing. The results indicated significant differences in frequencies of error types, frequencies of errors between tasks and frequencies of errors between trials. There were also interactions between trial and error, and task and error.

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