Effects of Active Versus Static Standing on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Gourab Kar ◽  
Sanjay Guria ◽  
Kathryn S. Peditto ◽  
Jacqueline R. Callan ◽  
Andrea E. Fronsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Rapid Entire Body Assessment ◽  
Computer Tasks

This study evaluated the effects of active versus static standing on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated measures, within-subjects study was conducted in which 16 participants performed 40 trials of a computer-based homing task in two active standing versus a static standing condition. Computer task performance was operationalized using mousing and typing speed as the measures; postural risk was evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Perceived scores for pain, comfort and fatigue were reported through a survey administered at baseline and after each standing task condition. Results suggest that for short-duration computer tasks, there was no significant difference in typing speed between active and static standing. However, mousing speed was significantly higher in static standing compared to a specific active standing condition. Overall levels of perceived pain, comfort and fatigue did not differ significantly between active and static standing.

Effects of Active Sitting Chairs on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Gourab Kar ◽  
Kathryn S. Peditto ◽  
Sanjay Guria ◽  
Jacqueline R. Callan ◽  
Andrea E. Fronsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Computer Tasks

This study evaluated the effects of active and static sitting chairs on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated-measures, within-subjects study was conducted, in which 16 participants performed 40 trials of a computer-based homing task in four seating conditions. Computer task performance was operationalized using mousing and typing speed as the measures, postural risk was evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Perceived scores for pain, comfort and fatigue were reported through a survey administered at baseline and after each seated task condition. Results suggest that for short-duration computer tasks, active seating does not reduce mousing and typing speed; postural risks for musculoskeletal disorders do not significantly differ in comparison to static seating. Additionally, while there is reduction in perceived levels of comfort for active seating, the perception of pain and fatigue do not change significantly.

scholarly journals Performance, Movement, Posture, and Perceived Discomfort in Active vs. Static Seating

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1154-1158
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Faulk ◽  
Cameron C. McKee ◽  
Heather Bazille ◽  
Michael Brigham ◽  
Jasmine Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Static Conditions

Active seating designs may enable users to move more frequently, thereby decreasing physiological risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In this preliminary study, two active seating designs (QOR360, Ariel; QOR360, Newton) were compared to a static chair (Herman Miller, Aeron) to understand how active vs. static seating may affect task performance, movement, posture, and perceived discomfort. This within-subjects experiment involved n = 11 student participants who sat upon each of the three chairs for 20 minutes while performing a series of computer-based tasks. Participants showed increased trunk movement while also reporting higher levels of perceived discomfort in the two active chair conditions. There was no significant difference in either posture or fine motor task performance between the active and static conditions. Future research may benefit from additional physiological measurements along with a wider variety of tasks that require seated users to make postural adjustments.

Effects of a dynamic foot movement device on cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Gourab Kar ◽  
Yilu Sun ◽  
Elif Celikors ◽  
Paulina Villacreces ◽  
Elena Misailedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Control Survey ◽  
And Control

This pilot study compared cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based tasks between static sitting as control, and active sitting with use of a dynamic foot movement device as intervention. Using a within-subjects counterbalanced design; participants performed four computer-based tasks evaluating cognitive performance. A survey reported subjective evaluations of concentration, productivity, comfort, satisfaction, and preference for future use. Results from Digit span, Fitts’ Spiral, Stroop and Typing tests indicate no significant difference in cognitive performance between intervention and control. Survey results suggest that 40% of participants expressed satisfaction and preference for future use of the intervention. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest that compared to static sitting, cognitive performance on short-duration computer tasks is not reduced with use of a dynamic foot movement device. The adoption of dynamic foot movement devices can potentially increase low-intensity concurrent physical activity without negatively impacting cognitive performance in short-duration computer-based office tasks.

Comparison of music stimuli to support mindfulness meditation

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561987849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey L Dvorak ◽  
Eugenia Hernandez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Harmonic Progression ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and preference for different auditory stimuli in supporting mindfulness meditation. Undergraduate non-musicians ( N = 57) listened to four different auditory stimuli guiding them in a mindfulness meditation: script only (i.e., Script), steady beat (i.e., Beat), beat and harmonic progression (i.e., Harmony), and beat, harmony, and melody (i.e., Melody). This study used a within-subjects repeated-measures design with the four conditions counterbalanced and randomized across participants. Participants rated responses using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), completed the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS), and ranked auditory stimuli according to preference and usefulness for mindfulness meditation. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the MAAS scores, using the AIMS as a covariate, indicated no statistically significant difference between auditory stimuli. However, with the AIMS removed, the analysis revealed significant differences between stimuli, indicating that levels of absorption in music may moderate participants’ responses to auditory stimuli for mindfulness meditation. Friedman analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and post hoc analyses indicated that participant rankings of usefulness and preference were significantly different among conditions, with the Melody and Harmony conditions ranked highest.

Effects of Two Approaches to Rhythmic Dictation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Nathan O. Buonviri
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aural Skills ◽  
Common Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Melodic Dictation ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Baseline Preference ◽  
Listening Strategies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two listening strategies on rhythmic dictation scores. In a within-subjects design, 54 undergraduate music majors completed two-measure rhythmic dictations under each of three conditions: (a) no prescribed approach, (b) required listening before writing, and (c) required writing while listening. The first condition gauged participants’ baseline preference for the approach of the second or third condition. Repeated-measures t tests revealed a significant difference in test scores between the second and third conditions but no significant difference as a function of participants’ preferred strategy. Results suggest that some amount of simultaneous sketching may be helpful to students as they take dictation of rhythms, a common task in aural skills development both in and of itself and as a first phase of melodic dictation. Aural skills instructors should consider the potential benefits of sketching as an anchoring activity during dictation and discuss strategies explicitly with students. Helping high school and college students see how and why various strategies for dictation may be appropriate for particular task parameters can help them integrate component skills of listening, comprehension, and notation most effectively.

Effects of Two Listening Strategies for Melodic Dictation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Nathan O. Buonviri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Aural Skills ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Melodic Dictation ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Listening Strategies

The purpose of this research was to examine effects of two listening strategies on melodic dictation scores. Fifty-four undergraduate music majors completed short tonal melodic dictations in a within-subjects design with three conditions: (a) no specified strategy in the instructions, (b) required listening before writing, and (c) required writing while listening. The purpose of the first condition was to determine subjects’ preference for listening before writing or writing while listening prior to requiring each. Two repeated measures t tests revealed no significant difference in test scores between the second and third conditions and no significant difference in test scores between subjects’ demonstrated preferred strategy and nonpreferred strategy. Results corroborate prior research suggesting that both may be viable strategies for melodic dictation, each offering unique benefits to aural memory and musical comprehension. Implications for high school and college aural skills instructors include the need to offer students options for dictation strategies and help them choose when and how to use them. Students who have tried multiple strategies in practice and considered their relative benefits might be better prepared to make wise decisions during dictation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Intra-articular Injection of a Newly Developed Plasma Rich in Growth Factor (PRGF) Versus Hyaluronic Acid on Pain and Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117954411773345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat ◽  
Seyed Mansoor Rayegani ◽  
Azadeh Gharooee Ahangar ◽  
Porya Hassan Abadi ◽  
Parviz Mojgani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function

Background and objectives: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of a newly developed plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) on pain and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of knee were assigned to receive 2 intra-articular injections of our newly developed PRGF in 3 weeks or 3 weekly injections of HA. Our primary outcome was the mean change from baseline until 2 and 6 months post intervention in scores of visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Lequesne index. We used analysis of variance for repeated-measures statistical test. Results: A total of 69 patients entered final analysis. The mean age of patients was 58.2 ± 7.41 years and 81.2% were women. In particular, total WOMAC index decreased from 42.9 ± 13.51 to 26.8 ± 13.45 and 24.4 ± 16.54 at 2 and 6 months in the newly developed PRGF group (within subjects P = .001), and from 38.8 ± 12.62 to 27.8 ± 11.01 and 27.4 ± 11.38 at 2 and 6 months in the HA group (within subjects P = .001), respectively (between subjects P = .631). There was no significant difference between PRGF and HA groups in patients’ satisfaction and minor complications of injection, whereas patients in HA group reported significantly lower injection-induced pain. Conclusions: In 6 months follow up, our newly developed PRGF and HA, both are effective options to decrease pain and improvement of function in patients with symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Assessment of the physical demands of waste collection tasks

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Strength Prediction ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Rapid Entire Body Assessment

<div> <p>This study features an analysis of the influences and effects of different postures performed within tasks of waste collection. Four men, ages 30, 46, 60 and 65, and two women, ages 38 and 48, took part in this study.&nbsp; The assessment makes use of a 3D Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP&trade;) to analyze the lifting and dumping postures observed in the experiment and evaluate strength requirements and the lower back impact of the different tasks. Additional analysis tools Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used to assess the risks associated with the tasks, and assessing the usability of this tool-setup to evaluate this kind of tasks with respect to the results expected. 3DSSPP results showed that only 86% of the population would be able to lift 9kg in this posture and 96% of the population would be capable of performing dumping. The results obtained using RULA and REBA indicated that the lifting and dumping postures are in need of change as soon as possible. Overall, this paper evaluates the postural risks of waste collection tasks mainly considering lifting and dumping tasks and assesses the physiological impacts on waste collection task performance. &nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Different Body Armour Systems on the Occupational Performance of Police Officers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Schram ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Rodney Pope ◽  
Ben Hinton ◽  
Geoff Norris
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Body Armour ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Occupational Task

Policing duties may inherently be dangerous due to stab, blunt trauma and ballistic threats. The addition of individual light armour vests (ILAVs) has been suggested as a means to protect officers. However, the addition of the extra load of the ILAV may affect officer ability to conduct occupational tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine if wearing any of 3 different ILAVs (ILAV A, ILAV B, &amp; ILAV C) affected occupational task performance when compared to that in normal station wear. A prospective, within-subjects repeated measures design was employed, using a counterbalanced randomization in which each ILAV was worn for an entire day while officers completed a variety of occupationally relevant tasks. These tasks included a victim drag, car exit and 5 meter sprint, step down and marksmanship task. Results showed that performance in each task did not vary between any of the ILAV or normal station wear conditions. There was less variability in the marksmanship task with ILAV B, however. The results suggest that none of the ILAVs used in this study were heavy enough to significantly affect task performance in the assessed tasks when compared to wearing normal station wear.

Investigating the Effect of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on Occupational Performance among Women with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Arezoo Shayan ◽  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Farkhondeh Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Treatment of breast cancer can be accompanied by long-term consequences affecting women’s participation in many tasks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) program on occupational performance of women with breast cancer. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, conducted between Feb 3 and Oct 26, 2016, 104 women with breast cancer who had referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan, and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20-60 years old, married, suffering from grade 1-3 breast cancer with a history of recent surgery) were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups of 52 using a permuted block size of four. The intervention group took part in four 60-minute sessions of CBSM over four weeks. The study data were collected using a demographic information form and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The statistical analyst was masked to intervention allocation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean scores of occupational performance (p=0.02) and satisfaction (p=0.005) after the intervention. Each variable was measured at three time points (before the intervention, immediately and 2 weeks after intervention). A significant difference was observed in the two groups’ mean scores of performance (p=0.026) and satisfaction (p=0.01), irrespective of the time of assessment. Conclusion: The CBSM program promoted the occupational performance immediately and two weeks after the intervention in women with breast cancer. This technique can be used as a complementary method alongside medical therapies in oncology centers.

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