The Added Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Physicians’ Performance in Detecting Thoracic Pathologies on CT and Chest X-ray: A Systematic Review

Our systematic review investigated the additional effect of artificial intelligence-based devices on human observers when diagnosing and/or detecting thoracic pathologies using different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as chest X-ray and CT. Peer-reviewed, original research articles from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were retrieved. Included articles were published within the last 20 years and used a device based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology to detect or diagnose pulmonary findings. The AI-based device had to be used in an observer test where the performance of human observers with and without addition of the device was measured as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, AUC, or time spent on image reading. A total of 38 studies were included for final assessment. The quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) was used for bias assessment. The average sensitivity increased from 67.8% to 74.6%; specificity from 82.2% to 85.4%; accuracy from 75.4% to 81.7%; and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) from 0.75 to 0.80. Generally, a faster reading time was reported when radiologists were aided by AI-based devices. Our systematic review showed that performance generally improved for the physicians when assisted by AI-based devices compared to unaided interpretation.

Compliance to Community Infection Control Standards during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review

This integrative literature review was conducted to assess the compliance to community infection control standards during the Covid-19 pandemic. As countries struggle to contain Covid-19 and its effects on social and economic aspects of life, non-pharmacologic interventions are seen as a viable option to mitigate the pandemic. This review aims to explore the level and extent to which the community perform health practices as well as the factors that affect compliance to these preventive measures. A systematic search of literatures that was published during 2020 and 2021 that addressed the health practice towards mitigating this pandemic as well as their compliance was included in this literature review. Whittemore and Knafl’s procedure in conducting integrative literature review was utilized. After critical appraisal of these literatures using the Quality Assessment Tool for Qualitative Studies, 4 studies were then included. Overall, studies reveal that health practices to mitigate Covid-19 are highly practiced. This finding is relation to the adequate knowledge of the community towards these preventive measures. However, despite having enough knowledge and awareness on the various information regarding the existence of the Coronavirus disease, the people in the community still need to enhance their knowledge along COVID 19 issues to minimize the risk of having the virus. Key words: Compliance, Community, Infection Control Standards, Covid-19.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Mengenai Personal Hygiene Saat Menstruasi Pada Remaja Putri: Literatur Review

Personal Hygiene during menstruation needs to be considered important in order to avoid various diseases such as cervical cancer, vaginal discharge, genital skin irritation, allergies, and inflammation in the genital area. To find out the description of teenage girls' knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation. This study accessed the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and obtained 5 articles that were reviewed according to the inclusion, exclusion, and abstract criteria. The critical assessment instrument used is the Hawker instrument which is a quality assessment tool used for qualitative studies. The results of this study indicated that less than half (47.60%) of teenage girls have less knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation. It is hoped that this research can be a reference for educational workers and other researchers as an effort to increase teenage girls' knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation.Keywords: Menstruation, Knowledge, Personal Hygiene, Teenage girls AbstrakPersonal Hygiene saat menstruasi perludi perhatikan agar terhindar dari berbagai macam penyakit seperti kanker serviks, keputihan, iritasi kulit genital, alergi, dan peradangan diarea genital. Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan remaja mengenai personal hygiene saat menstruasi. Penelitian literature review ini dengan mengakses database PubMed dan Google Scholar, didapatkan 5 artikel yang ditelaah sesuai dengan criteria inklusi eksklusi serta. Instrument telaah kritis yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan instrument Hawker yang merupakan alat penilaian kualitas yang digunakan untuk studi kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kurang dari separuh (47,60%) remaja memiliki pengetahuan mengenai personal hygiene saat menstruasi yang kurang. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi pihak pendidikan maupun peneliti yang lainnya sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja mengenai personal hygiene saat menstruasi.Kata kunci: Menstruasi, Pengetahuan, Personal Hygiene,Remaja.

Hubungan Aktivitas Duduk Lama Dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Pada Punggung Bawah: Critical Review

Latar belakang Duduk dengan waktu yang lama dapat meningkatkan ketegangan pada otot punggung serta pinggul dan menimbulkan ketegangan pada persendian dalam posisi statis untuk waktu yang lama. Otot punggung mengalami kontraksi yang berlebihan, kemudian untuk menahan dan mempertahankan posisi duduk, otot menjadi spasm atau tightness. Nyeri pada punggung bawah adalah kondisi musculoskeletal yang paling umum ditemukan. Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meriview artikel penelitian terdahulu tentang hubungan aktivitas duduk lama dengan keluhan musculoskeletal pada punggung bawah. Metode Metode penelitian menggunakan critical review dan pencarian data dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi metode cross sectional observational menggunakan mesin pencarian literatur seperti pubmed central (PMC) dan google scholar, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis quartile (Q1-4) menggunakan mesin pencarian scimago journal and country rank (SJR) dan penilaian dengan quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional study. Hasil Didapatkan hasil sebanyak 9 artikel yang digunakan sebagai landasan penelitian yang disesuaikan dari kriteria inklusi, dilakukan review artikel, disesuaikan dengan kaidah what, who, where, when hingga dinilai dengan quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional study. Kesimpulan Penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan pada aktivitas duduk lama dengan keluhan musculoskeletal pada punggung bawah.Kata Kunci Aktivitas duduk lama, gangguan muskuloskeletal, nyeri punggung bawah.

Quality Assessment of Clinical Ethics Consultation. Reflection on the Applicability of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool

"Background. Clinical ethics consultation has been implemented in many health care institutions. Different methods exist for their evaluation. In this paper we present findings from an evaluation of 21 documentation conducted 2019-2020 by means of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool (ECQAT). The applicability of the instrument was analyzed based on a) duration of use, b) ease of use, c) comprehensibility of the items. Results. On average, the analysis with the ECQAT takes 11 minutes per protocol. The greatest difficulties in applying the ECQAT arise a) in assessing the counselling-related information and b) in assessing the ethical analysis as well as the recommendations. Here, different demands on the level of detail of the information may lead to different assessments. Furthermore, the transitions of the ethical analysis and the recommendations, which are relevant for the assessment, could not be delimited exactly in parts of the protocols. Discussion. The assessment of documentation represents a limited part of the quality of ethics consultation. In particular, the quality dimensions of the EQAT do not map communicative elements of process quality, which are essential components (if not the core) of ethics consultations. Moreover, the assessment is strongly depending on the format of the protocols, which, depending on the institution, range from a brief overview of the results to a detailed account. Even in light of aforementioned limitations the ECQAT provides an incentive to improve the process quality of (documented) ethics consultation. "