A Comparison of Performance in a Surface Wiring Task Using Laboratory and Plant Subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Ram R. Bishu ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Input Information ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Instruction Sheet ◽  
Group Effects

Industrial surface wiring tasks, in which operators read from an instruction sheet and wire accordingly, involve processing of a considerable amount of information (20–30 bits/stimulus). Two groups of subjects, one inexperienced laboratory trained and the other experienced plant operators, participated in an experiment comprising both single and multimove tasks. Significant group effects were observed on both the tasks. Two main differences were observed between the plant and the laboratory subjects. The plant subjects were slower but more accurate in performing the multimove task. The second difference was that the laborabory subjects were performing similarly on both the tasks, their performance time being a linear function of input information. On the contrary, the plant subjects did not view multimove tasks as an extension of the single move tasks. Their processing rates for the single and multimove tasks were radically different.

Aberrant Sensorimotor Integration in Musicians' Cramp Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa K. Lim ◽  
John L. Bradshaw ◽  
Michael E.R. Nicholls ◽  
Ian J. Kirk ◽  
Jeff P. Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Group Interactions

AbstractSimple tapping and complex movements (Luria finger apposition task) were performed unimanually and bimanually by two groups of professional guitarists while EEG was recorded from electrodes over the sensorimotor cortex. One group had a task-specific movement disorder (focal dystonia or musicians' cramp), while the other group did not (controls). There were no significant group interactions in the task-related power (TRPow) within the alpha range of 8-10Hz (mu1). In contrast, there was a significant group interaction within the alpha range of 10-12Hz (mu2); these latter frequencies are associated with task-specific sensorimotor integration. The significant group interaction included task (simple and complex) by hand (left, right, and both) by electrodes (10 electrodes over the sensorimotor areas). In the rest conditions, the alpha power (10-12Hz) was comparable between the groups; during movement, however, compared to the controls, patients demonstrated the greatest TRPow (10-12Hz) over all conditions. This was particularly evident when patients used their affected hand and suggests that patients with musicians' cramp have impaired task-specific sensorimotor integration.

Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla A. Kubitz ◽  
Konstantinos Pothakos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group Effects

In the present study, participants were randomly assigned to an exercise or a nonexercise group to measure brain activation (spontaneous EEG activity), affect, and cognitive functioning before and after a 15-min treatment period. Exercisers (a) sat quietly for 5 min, (b) exercised for 15 min, (c) recovered for 5 min, and (d) completed a 15-min vigilance task. Nonexercisers did not exercise. There was a significant (a) Condition × Band × Time interaction for EEG activity, (b) Condition × Time interaction for Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD ACL) scores, and (c) Condition × Time interaction for reaction times (RTs). Post hoc tests showed (a) no significant group effects at the baseline and 15-min vigilance periods, and (b) significant group effects at the postexercise and 5-min vigilance periods. Exercisers had lower levels of brain activation (i.e., more theta and alpha activity and less beta activity), higher AD ACL scores, and slower RTs than nonexercisers during these periods.

N. Belknap's Four-Valued Logic, Belknap Computer and New Proximity Functions for Comparing Discrete Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2 (6)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Dmitrienko ◽  
Sergey Leonov ◽  
Mykola Mezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proximity Function ◽  
Input Information ◽  
Proximity Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
True Values

The idea of ​​Belknap's four-valued logic is that modern computers should function normally not only with the true values ​​of the input information, but also under the conditions of inconsistency and incompleteness of true failures. Belknap's logic introduces four true values: T (true - true), F (false - false), N (none - nobody, nothing, none), B (both - the two, not only the one but also the other).  For ease of work with these true values, the following designations are introduced: (1, 0, n, b). Belknap's logic can be used to obtain estimates of proximity measures for discrete objects, for which the functions Jaccard and Needhem, Russel and Rao, Sokal and Michener, Hamming, etc. are used. In this case, it becomes possible to assess the proximity, recognition and classification of objects in conditions of uncertainty when the true values ​​are taken from the set (1, 0, n, b). Based on the architecture of the Hamming neural network, neural networks have been developed that allow calculating the distances between objects described using true values ​​(1, 0, n, b). Keywords: four-valued Belknap logic, Belknap computer, proximity assessment, recognition and classification, proximity function, neural network.

Responses to Different Intermittent Runs at Velocity Associated With

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoire P. Millet ◽  
Robin Candau ◽  
Philippe Fattori ◽  
Frank Bignet ◽  
Alain Varray
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
The Difference

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the time sustained above 90% of [Formula: see text] in different intermittent running sessions having the same overall time run at the velocity ([Formula: see text]) associated with [Formula: see text] and (2) to test whether the use of a fixed-fraction (50%) of the time to exhaustion at [Formula: see text] (Tlim) leads to longer time spent at a high percentage of [Formula: see text]. Subjects were 8 triathletes who, after determination of their track [Formula: see text] and Tlim, performed three intermittent running sessions alternating the velocity between 100% and 50% of [Formula: see text], termed 30s ∼ 30s, 60s ∼ 30s, and 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim, where the overall time at [Formula: see text] was similar (= 3 × Tlim). [Formula: see text] achieved in the incremental test was 71.1 ± 3.9 mlùmin−1•kg−1 and Tlim was 236 ± 49 s. [Formula: see text] and peak heart rate were lower in 30s ∼ 30s than in the other intermittent runs. The time spent above 90% of [Formula: see text] was significantly (p < 0.001) longer either in 60s ∼ 30s (531 ± 187 s) or in 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim (487 ± 176 s) than in 30s ∼ 30s (149 ± 33 s). Tlim was negatively correlated with the time (in % of Tlim) spent above 90% of [Formula: see text] in 30s ∼ 30s (r = -0.75, p < 0.05). Tlim was also correlated with the difference of time spent over 90% of [Formula: see text] between 60s ∼ 30s and 30s ∼ 30s (r = 0.77, p < 0.05), or between 1/2Tlim ∼ 1/2Tlim and 30s ∼ 30s (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). The results confirm that [Formula: see text] and Tlim are useful for setting interval-training sessions. However, the use of an individualized fixed-fraction of Tlim did not lead to longer time spent at a high percentage of [Formula: see text] compared to when using a fixed work-interval duration. Key words: interval-training, maximal oxygen consumption, performance, time to exhaustion

scholarly journals Electroencephalography in Predicting Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Yun Ho Choi ◽  
In-Uk Song ◽  
Sung-Woo Chung ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Eeg Pattern

ABSTRACT:Background:Early consciousness recovery after cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most explicit and self-evident prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) phenotypes according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Critical Care EEG classification for predicting early recovery after CA.Methods:Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU after CA were enrolled. We analyzed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within 10 days after CA and evaluated mortality within 28 days according to EEG pattern subtype.Results:Among the total of 71 patients, 9 had periodic discharges (PDs) EEG pattern, 4 had rhythmic delta activity (RDA), 8 had spike-and-wave (SW), 22 had low voltage, 5 had burst suppression, and 23 had other EEG patterns. Initial GCS scores, GCS scores 3 days after CA (or 3 days after targeted temperature management [TTM]), and 10 days after CA (or 10 days after TTM) were significantly different among EEG subtypes (p < 0.001, respectively) (Table 2). GCS scores were significantly higher in RDA and the other EEG group compared to the PDs, SW, low voltage, and burst suppression groups (p < 0.001). Significant group × time interactions were observed for the follow-up period between EEG phenotypes (p < 0.001) demonstrating the most increase in the other EEG pattern group.Conclusions:Consciousness states were significantly worse in the PDs, SW, burst suppression, and low-voltage groups compared to the RDA and the other EEG pattern within 10 days after CA. The degree of consciousness recovery differed significantly by EEG pattern subtype within 10 days.

Multiple-Instance Classification via Generalized Eigenvalue Proximal SVM

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 1235-1239
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Dong Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Local Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Generalized Eigenvalue ◽  
Bilinear Constraints ◽  
Nonparallel Planes

The multiple-instance classification problem is formulated using a linear or nonlinear kernel as the minimization of a linear function in a finite dimensional real space subject to linear and bilinear constraints by SVM-based methods. This paper presents a new multiple-instance classifier that determines two nonparallel planes by solving generalized eigenvalue proximal SVM. Our method converges in a few iterations to a local solution. Computational results on a number of datasets indicate that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the other SVM-based methods in multiple-instance classification.

The effect of pH and complexation on redox reactions between RS• radicals and flavins

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmad ◽  
David A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Protonated Form ◽  
Redox Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Redox Potential

Elementary considerations indicate that thiol radicals, RS•, should have a high redox potential [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]However, the equilibrium [4],[Formula: see text]which is established in the presence of excess RS−, would convert RS•to [Formula: see text] which is a reducing species. Experimentally it was demonstrated that thiol radicals made by γ radiolysis of β-mercaptoethanol solutions effected two-electron oxidation of dihydroflavin FlH2 at pH 6.3 and of FlH− at pH 8. On the other hand, [Formula: see text] readily reduced Fl to FlH2 or FlH− as expected. At pH 9, photostationary states were established after a few minutes radiolysis and the ratios [FlH−]ss/[Fl]ss were a function of [Formula: see text] The main reactions occurring were:[Formula: see text]The values of k19 and k22 were both large. The ratio k19/k22 was ∼0.8 for lumiflavin and ∼0.3 for flavin adenine dinucleotide. The cyclic disulphide anions of lipoamide and dithiothreitol [Formula: see text] also effected two-electron reductions of flavins. However, the protonated form of [Formula: see text] oxidized FlH2, and the photostationary ratio [FlH−]ss/[Fl]ss was an approximate linear function of [Formula: see text]. The implications of the observed changes in redox properties of sulphur radicals on complexation with RS− and protonation were briefly considered.Des considérations élémentaires indiquent que les radicaux thiyles, RS•, doivent avoir un potentiel rédox élevé [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Recipe Method for Doughs

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Adriana Lezama-Solano ◽  
Edgar Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential User ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Total N ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Development And Validation

Recipes have a great impact on consumers’ behavior in the kitchen; building a recipe requires the understanding of the potential user. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate different recipe styles for the preparation of doughs by understanding people’s descriptions of these. Two qualitative studies were performed (43 wheat and 50 corn dough preparers). During interviews, participants described the preparation process of the doughs using the Think Aloud technique. Finished doughs were described as not sticky, soft, and pliable. Based on these descriptions, five recipes were created: not detailed, detailed, very detailed, paragraph-form, and ‘with images’. Recipes were validated in two online surveys (total n = 600), where respondents evaluated the easiness, likeability, likelihood of using, helpfulness, and amount of information. Respondents considered the recipe with images as easier and more helpful. The very detailed recipe was considered more difficult, less helpful, and was liked less than the other recipes. Understanding and identifying the terms and techniques people use is a good way to communicate how to prepare a food product and can be used to develop and improve recipes. However, the format in which the recipe is presented is an important factor considered by users when following recipes.

scholarly journals Key Issues: A Round Table Discussion

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 776-786
Author(s):  
T.M. Brown ◽  
P. Demarque ◽  
R. Noyes ◽  
F. Praderie ◽  
I.W. Roxburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Round Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Table Discussion ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Way

We have taken part to an exceptionally rich colloquium, characterized by a large amount of information in all fields of physics, and a remarkable collection of observational data. Our understanding of what is going on inside the stars has changed in a radical manner during the last years, on one side because the observations are bringing new kinds of information, and on the other side because theory in its development is taking into account a number of processes, some of them having been completely ignored only ten years ago.It is impossible to draw here a complete list of problems. There are many cases where some inconsistency could be found in the theory itself or some contradiction between observational data and theory. I recommended that such a list should be drawn carefully. The participants to the round table discussion will give their contribution, helping to open the way to new fields of research and to new discoveries.

scholarly journals The Effects of Corrective Feedback on Chinese Learners’ Writing Accuracy: A Quantitative Analysis in an EFL Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grammar Instruction ◽  
College Level ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Writing Accuracy

Scholars debate whether corrective feedback contributes to improving L2 learners’ grammatical accuracy in writingperformance. Some researchers take a stance on the ineffectiveness of corrective feedback based on theimpracticality of providing detailed corrective feedback for all L2 learners and detached grammar instruction inlanguage classrooms. On the other hand, many researchers promote the efficacy and significance of the role playedby corrective feedback in the process of L2 writing. This research employs a quasi-experimental design andexamines two major issues: (1) the extent to which CF facilitates or improves students’ writing accuracy; (2) students’expectations and preferences for CF. The research consists of 105 college level EFL learners from three intact classesin an Eastern Chinese University. One class was assigned to the control group which only received comments oncontent of their writing. The other two classes were then assigned to each of the two experimental groups whichreceived indirect or direct CF. Data collection includes student text/error analysis, treatments (i.e., provision ofcorrective feedback), examination of tests (i.e., pretest, posttest and delayed posttest), and questionnaires. Within aresearch period of ten weeks, this study did not reveal statistically significant group differences between the two CFgroups and the control group on overall error reduction. However, students believed CF was important and beneficial,although there is contradiction between what the students believed and their teachers’ actual practices in theclassroom. Pedagogical recommendations for EFL teachers are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document